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From: <span>R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>></span></span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
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Subject: Etymology<br><br>Dear Lowlanders,<br><br>Now that spring has arrived, many temperate climate parts of the Northern Hemisphere are witnessing the blooming season of <i>Cytisus scoparius</i> and its close relatives.<br>
<br>This shrub is apparently endemic in the European Lowlands but has spread also to certain adjacent parts of Southern, Central and Eastern Europe. While in Northern Europe it is a beloved harbinger of spring, it is widely detested in areas in which it has been introduced via European colonization and is now an invasive, rapidly spreading plant. This is particularly so in Northwestern America, in temperate climate regions of Southern Asia, in Southeastern Australia, in New Zealand and in parts of Southern South America.<br>
<br>Here in America's Pacific Northwest, many people claim that their spring allergies are due to the pollen of this plant. However, it has been shown that its blooming season coincides with that of alders, birches and other trees to which many people (me included) tend to be allergic.<br>
<br>I find the various names of <i>Cytisus scoparius</i> fairly interesting, especially in Lowlands language varieties and their closer relatives.</span><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">For one thing, its Low Saxon name </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Braam</i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> ([brɒːm] ~ [broːm]), its Dutch name </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">brem</i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> ([brɛm]), its Scots name</span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> bruim</i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> ([brym] ~ [brim] ~ [brɪm]), as well as its British and Irish English name "broom" ([bru(ː)m]) suggest that this plant used to be used for sweeping, although its name is not used in this sense in Low Saxon, Dutch and Scots. However, note German </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Besen</i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> ([ˈbeːzən]) 'broom' in one of the names for this shrub: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Besenginster</i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">. It is also suggested by the Latin name </span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><i>Cytisus <u>scoparius</u></i>.</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">In North America (where, as I mentioned earlier, it is invasive), the plant is called "Scotch broom" or "Scot's broom," in some dialects also "English broom," and scientifically "common broom."</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<b style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><i>Cytisus scoparius:<br></i></span></b><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">English: broom, Scotch broom, Scot's broom, English broom, common broom</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Scots: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">bruim, breem</i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
Old English: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">besma, brom</i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">, </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">ceacga, gors</i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Frisian, West: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">bremerheide</i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Frisian, East (Saterland): </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Brom</i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
Old Frisian: ?</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Low Saxon: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Braam, Berntgras, Beent</i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Old Saxon: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">brām</i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Dutch: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">brem</i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">, </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">gewone brem</i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
Limburgish: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font>bröm</font></i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Luxembourgish: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Ginz</i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">German: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Ginster</i><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">(< Latin </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">genista</i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">), </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Besenginster</i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> ("broom </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">genista</i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">")</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Yiddish: ?</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Danish: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">gyvel, almindelig gyvel</i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Norwegian: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">gyvel<br></i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Swedish:</span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> harris</i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">, </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">ginst </i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">(< Latin </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">genista</i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">)</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Icelandic: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">gífill</i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Old Norse: ?</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Kashubian: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">diôbli ògón</i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> ("devilish fire"?), </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">jôrk, brem</i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Polish: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">żarnowiec miotlasty</i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> ("shaggy/scruffy broom")</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><b style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Broom</b><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> (for sweeping):</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">English: broom</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Scots: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">besom</i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Old English: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">besma, bisme</i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Frisian, West: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">biezem</i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Frisian, East (Saterland): </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span class="nobr">Bäisem</span></i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Old Frisian: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">besma</i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Low Saxon: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Bessem, Bessen</i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
Old Saxon: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">besmo</i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Dutch: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">bezem</i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Limburgish: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font>bessem, </font><font>kaerbessem</font></i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Luxembourgish: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Biesem, Kiirbiischt</i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<table style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" class="traductions"><tbody><tr class="odd"><td class="word"><br></td><td class="word"><a href="http://www.dico.lu/dictionnaire.php?m=Biesem"></a><br></td></tr></tbody></table>
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">German: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Besen</i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Yiddish: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">bezim</i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> (בעזים), </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">bezem</i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> (בעזעם)</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Danish: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">kost</i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Norwegian: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">kost, sopelime<br></i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Swedish:</span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> kvast<br>
</i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Icelandic: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">kústur, sópur, vöndur </i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Old Norse: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">līmi, sōfl</i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<span style="color:rgb(153,153,153);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">(Note English "sweep")</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Kashubian: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">miotła</i><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Polish: </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">miotła, żarnowiec, ożóg</i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><i><br>
<br></i>Any additions, thoughts, insights, suggestions, findings ...?<br><br>Regards,<br>Reinhard/Ron<br>Seattle, USA<i><br><br></i></span><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0)" size="2"><div style="text-align:center">
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