<div style="text-align:center;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font>==============================</font><font>=======================<br> L O W L A N D S - L - 15 August 2012 - Volume 03<br>
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<font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2">From:</font><font><span name="Mike Morgan"> </span></font><span class="gI"><span name="hennobrandsma@hetnet.nl" class="gD"><a href="mailto:hennobrandsma@hetnet.nl">hennobrandsma@hetnet.nl</a></span></span><div>
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Subject: </font><span class="gI">LL-L "History" 2012.08.14 (05) [EN]</span><font><span><br></span></font><p><font>[snip]</font></p><div class="im"><font><br>
Btw as Ron wrote about the Javanese surname of Ramoni Kromowidjojo: it was<br>
earlier Kråmåwidjåjå.<br>
The darkening from long a into an o like sound must be kind of a universal<br>
trend: we see it very strongly in Low Saxon, Persian (Farsi) and Javanese.<br>
Also in Somalian I think, because I know many Somalian girls whose name<br>
ends in -o where Arabic has -a: Hibo, Halimo, Fadumo etc.<br>
<br>
Ingmar<br>
<br>
From: Kevin & Cheryl Caldwell <a href="mailto:kevin.caldwell1963@verizon.net" target="_blank">kevin.caldwell1963@verizon.net</a><br>
> Subject: Sports and Culture<br>
><br>
> I learned something interesting by way of the recent Olympic Games. One<br>
> of the top female swimmers in the world is from the Netherlands - her name<br>
> is Ranomi Kromowidjojo. That name didn't sound particularly Dutch to me (to<br>
> be honest, her surname looks a little Slavic to me, but apparently that was<br>
> a red herring), so I did a little internet research and discovered that she<br>
> is of mixed Dutch-Javanese Surinamese origin, but born and raised entirely<br>
> in the Netherlands. There's some interesting history there that I wasn't<br>
> aware of before - Javanese workers were recruited in the late 19th century<br>
> to work on plantations in Suriname. A lot of their descendants moved to the<br>
> Netherlands in the 1970s.<br>
><br>
> Kevin Caldwell<br>
><br>
> Laurel, MD USA<br>
><br>
> ----------<br>
<br></font></div><font>
A recent posting on the etymology of the name and some of the historical background:<br>
<br>
<a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=4111" target="_blank">http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=4111</a><br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
<br>
Henno Brandsma<br><br>----------<br><br></font><font>From: R. F. Hahn <<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>
Subject: Phonology<br><br>Thanks, Henno. It was nice hearing from you again.<br><br>I quite agree with your observation. <br><br>In the case of Low Saxon, the shift does not only go from [aː] to [ɒ</font><font>ː</font><font>] and [ɔ</font><font>ː</font><font>] but, for instance in the Lower Elbe dialects, all the way to </font><font>[o</font><font>ː</font><font>]</font>.<br>
<br><font>[a(ː)] to [ɒ</font><font>(ː)</font><font>] and [ɔ</font><font>(ː)</font><font></font><font>] is widespread in Semitic, for instance in Aramaic and in Hebrew. </font>In Ashkenazi ("German") pronunciation it is <font>[o</font><font>(ː)</font><font></font><font>]. </font>In Sephardi ("Iberian") and therefore in Israeli pronunciation it is <font>[a(ː)].<br>
<br></font>This rounding feature can be due to substrata. For instance, it is not a native feature among the Turkic languages but <i>is</i> a feature in Uzbek, due to a Tajik (Iranian) substratum. Similarly, Lower Elbe Missingsch German has this feature due to Low Saxon substrata. <br>
<br>Among languages that resist this tendency are Standard Arabic, Standard German and Standard Dutch.<br><br>Regards,<br>Reinhard/Ron<br>Seattle, USA<br>
<br>
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