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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in 0pt;text-align:center"><font color="#000000" face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif">L O W L A N D S - L - 09 December 2013 - Volume 01</font></p><p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in 0pt;text-align:center">
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in 0pt;text-align:center"><font color="#000000"><font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif">==============================</font><font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif">=======================</font></font></p>
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in 0pt;text-align:center"></p><div style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div style="margin:0in 0in 0pt"><div title="Page 22"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">From: <span name="Roger Thijs" class="">Roger Thijs</span><span style="white-space:nowrap"> </span><span class="" style="white-space:nowrap"><<a href="mailto:rogerthijs@yahoo.com">rogerthijs@yahoo.com</a>></span><br>
Subject: <span style="white-space:nowrap">LL Language varieties</span></font></div><div title="Page 22"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><br></font></span><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">> From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><font color="#196ad4">sassisch@yahoo.com</font></a>><br>
> Subject: Language varieties></font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">> Ingmar, thanks for the intro to "Belgian" sent earlier today. Are you sure it isn't a hoax? (I for one would not be very amused if it were one.) What is the source of your information? I found no reference to the variety anywhere.</font></div>
<div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">This is clearly a hoax.</font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">The Germanic - Romance border is very sharply delimiting both language groups, there is nothing between.</font></div>
<div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">A couple of anomalies:</font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">- José Cajot reported about 10 years ago that the village of "Zichen-Zussen-Bolder" misses the Limburgish bitonality. ZZB forms a pocket at the very South of the Limburgish language area</font></div>
<div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">- The village of Recht at the East of Belgium, in the transition area between the Ripuarian and Moselle Franconean area, has a very recognizable sound. The village was part of Prussian Rhenania from 1815 tit 1919, and some explain the sound as due to the presence of workers from Tyrol imported by the Prussians, with an intend to homogenize their territory linguistically. (There are also similarely "Pfalzer" villages in the Kleve-Goch area)</font></div>
<div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">- I think the area of Tongeren, at the extreme South of the Panninger Line has a very specific sound inside the Limburgish area (vowel shifts, French R). Historically it remained part of the Liege territory, where the area around became the County of Loon. Further it was a Roman town, head of a civitas that reached far inside the actual Netherlands. Some think the town remained a bit longer linguistically Romance than the villages around. But when we started to get records on paper in the 11th century, it was all Germanic, except where "Latin" remained being used as church and chancellery language.</font></div>
<div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Further:</font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">- South Limburgish dialects clearly got some contamination with technical terms borrowed from French and/or Walloon. However mixed languages are only really popular in literature more to the West in Brussels, for theatre plays, jokes, comics etc.</font></div>
<div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">- Limburgish is in the area of smooth transition between Low German and Middle German, so almost every village has its variant in that transition.</font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></div>
<div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">All language areas over here have been thoroughly screened several times by university guys composing a lot of atlases mapping an area for each word or phenomenon. What was never mapped, to my knowledge, were language differences within a village between social groups, within families, within generations, between sexes etc., but whatever these difference are or were, people continued to communicate easily in their direct environments.</font></div>
<div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Since there have been somme territorial claims for the land along the language border, based on languages spoken, during past two centuries (cf. the Belgian split-up along the border, the occupations of Luxemburg, the Lorraine-Alsatian moves, the split of the canton of Bern in Switserland, the troubles in the South of Tyrol etc.), potentially exceptional languages situations cannot have missed claims of land by one or another country.</font></div>
<div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Finally there are some slang variants of closed groups, often called "bargoens" in Dutch, and "Rottwelsch" in Germany. I think they just have a "secret" vocabulary. Anyhow they are studied in linguistic literature and relatively well documented.</font></div>
<div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Some people also started to compose languages for joke, as modifying words by inverting the order of the characters. Some decades ago such a case was reported for a dozen of speakers in the village of Kortessem. I don't think it is still used by anybody there.</font></div>
<div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">When Caesar conquered Gaul he noticed that in Belgium (extending from just North of Paris till the river Rhine) a distinct language was spoken. Btw those Belgian tribes were also very present in the South of England. Some think some early germanic penetrations had an influence on the language, though the roots in names of landmarks and people were quite Celtic/Gallic.</font></div>
<div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Unfortunately we do not have undiscovered tribes deep in our very small forests.</font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Anyhow we are in the period candidates for Prince Carnaval are preparing their speaches.</font></div>
<div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Regards,</font></div><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Roger</font></div></div></div><div style="margin:0in 0in 0pt">
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