<div dir="ltr"><p align="center" style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin:0in 0in 0pt;text-align:center"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">=====================================================<br> L O W L A N D S - L - 09 January 2014 - Volume 01<br>
<a href="mailto:lowlands.list@gmail.com" target="_blank">lowlands.list@gmail.com</a> - <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/" target="_blank">http://lowlands-l.net/</a><br><font color="#000000">Posting: </font><a href="mailto:lowlands-l@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lowlands-l@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
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Language Codes: <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/codes.php" target="_blank">lowlands-l.net/codes.php</a><br><font color="#000000">=====================================================</font></font></p><font color="#000000" face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="font-size:13px"></font><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin:0in 0in 0pt">
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin:0in 0in 0pt">From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>
Subject: Language varieties</div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin:0in 0in 0pt"><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin:0in 0in 0pt">What do you think, Lowlanders? Or ... what's the point?</div>
<div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin:0in 0in 0pt"><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin:0in 0in 0pt">Regards,<br>Reinhard/Ron<br>Seattle, USA<br><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin:0in 0in 0pt">
<h1 style="font-weight:normal;font-size:32px;padding:0px;clear:both;line-height:36px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;background-color:rgb(255,241,224)">Language squabbling benefits US and UK</h1>
<p class="" style="padding:0px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,241,224)"><img src="http://im.ft-static.com/content/images/61a0be44-0950-11e1-8e86-00144feabdc0.img" alt="Michael Skapinker" style="display: block; float: left; height: 35px; margin-top: -7px; padding-right: 15px; width: 45px;"><span style>By Michael Skapinker</span></p>
<p class="" style="padding:0px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,241,224)"><span style><br></span></p><p class="" style="padding:0px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,241,224)">
<span style><span style="font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:21px;line-height:27px">Americans see those who adopt Britishisms as pretentious and snobbish</span></span></p><p class="" style="padding:0px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,241,224)">
<span style><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></span></p><p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px"><span class="">B</span>ritish and American letter writers to the Financial Times have spent the past few weeks scrapping over whether <a href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ced11bf4-673a-11e3-8d3e-00144feabdc0.html?siteedition=uk" style="color:rgb(46,110,158);text-decoration:none">“one-time”</a> is a better phrase than “one-off”, how far <a href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/cf8defa4-673a-11e3-8d3e-00144feabdc0.html" style="color:rgb(46,110,158);text-decoration:none">cricket metaphors</a> travel and whether “backstop” comes from baseball or from the older English game of <a href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/99c610f4-6ef6-11e3-9ac9-00144feabdc0.html" style="color:rgb(46,110,158);text-decoration:none">rounders</a>.</p>
<p class="" style="padding:0px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,241,224)"><span style></span></p><p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px">
One UK correspondent expressed <a href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/6e4595b0-72f9-11e3-b05b-00144feabdc0.html" style="color:rgb(46,110,158);text-decoration:none">irritation</a> over the Americans who would have said “the past several weeks” rather than the “past few” in sentences such as the one above.</p>
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<br></span><p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px">A sub-theme was the infiltration of American and British words into each other’s speech and how bad this was. When Brits use American words, their more fastidious compatriots take it as evidence of declining standards, while Americans see those who adopt Britishisms as pretentious and snobbish.</p>
<p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px"><br></p><p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px">
This linguistic fractiousness has been going on for a long time. In 1828, Noah Webster, champion of a US vernacular that did not look across the Atlantic for validation, published <em>An American Dictionary of the English Language</em>. The languages never diverged much, in spite of Webster’s efforts; UK and US English remain siblings – and, like many siblings, they squabble.</p>
<p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px"><br></p><p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px">
Sibling rivalry is destructive. That is the message of our earliest stories – Cain and Abel, Jacob and Esau. There is extensive online advice on how parents can stop siblings from arguing and fighting.</p><p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px">
<br></p><p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px">But siblings learn from each other too. There is plenty of research showing the importance of parental involvement in ensuring children become competent speakers, readers and writers. But a 2001 article in the <a href="http://ecl.sagepub.com/content/1/3/301.abstract" style="color:rgb(46,110,158);text-decoration:none">Journal of Early Childhood Literacy</a> pointed to the role of siblings in developing each other’s language skills. As parents discover, often to their distress, children pick up much of their language from their peers.</p>
<p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px"><br></p><p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px">
“Even more than peers, siblings close in age are likely to share a common ‘language’ and cultural ‘recipes’,”the study said.</p><p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px">
<br></p><p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px">It looked at the sibling interactions of two groups of east London children. In one group, the children, at a Church of England school, were monolingual English speakers with at least one English-born parent.</p>
<p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px"><br></p><p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px">
The other group, in a primary school in Spitalfields, was almost entirely of Bangladeshi origin. In both groups, the researchers found that siblings developed each other’s English, either through school role plays or by telling or reading stories.</p>
<p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px"><br></p><p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px">
The Spitalfields children were following a long tradition. The area has long received non-English speaking immigrants – French Huguenots, eastern European Jews – who learnt English not from their parents but from their teachers and, more importantly, from each other.</p>
<p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px"><br></p><p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px">
The study found that the learning was not all one-way. The questioning younger siblings forced the older ones to clarify their language.</p><p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px">
<br></p><p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px">The researchers seem to have found these sibling interactions largely harmonious. But we know that, even when they are not, siblings who mock each other over getting playground slang wrong are also sorting out misunderstandings and setting each other straight on what words mean.</p>
<p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px"><br></p><p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px">
That is what our anglophone letter writers were doing too. Speaking two English varieties that are almost entirely mutually comprehensible, they were, in effect, pointing to the few differences that occasionally impede communication, so that people can either understand the other’s metaphors, incorporate them into their own speech, or indicate to the other side when they should stop using a word or phrase if they want to be understood.</p>
<p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px"><br></p><p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px">
The US and UK readers of the FT are, of course, a select, literate and (it goes without saying) highly intelligent group, but this smoothing of transatlantic differences occurs among a wider section of both populations too.</p>
<p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px">The US’s cultural reach means that people in the UK are so used to listening to American speech that they barely notice they are doing so, but the linguistic traffic travels in the other direction too.</p>
<p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px"><br></p><p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px">
American children read the <em>Harry Potter</em> books. <em>Saving Mr Banks</em>, starring the English actress Emma Thompson, was one of the <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/05/boxoffice-chart-idUSL2N0KF06J20140105" style="color:rgb(46,110,158);text-decoration:none">most seen films </a>in the US last week.</p>
<p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px"><br></p><p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px">
UK and US readers will no doubt use this column as a prompt to mention yet another phrase the other side uses that annoys them. It may look acrimonious. But what they are really doing is making sure the English language preserves its general unity – and maintains its world domination.</p>
<p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px"><br></p><p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:18px">
<a href="mailto:michael.skapinker@ft.com" title="Email the writer" style="color:rgb(46,110,158);text-decoration:none">michael.skapinker@ft.com</a> <br>Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/Skapinker" title="Michael Skapinker Twitter feed" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(46,110,158);text-decoration:none">@Skapinker</a></p>
</div><div><a href="http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/478af79c-7788-11e3-807e-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2ptGjhh1V">http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/478af79c-7788-11e3-807e-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2ptGjhh1V</a><br></div><div><br></div>
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