<div dir="auto"><div>Good afternoon, all, Michael,</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Indeed, High German _Pfad_, Dutch _pad_, and English _path_ did not enter these languages through the normal *path*. According to my tutor Michael de Vaan it entered the Germanic languages through an Eastern Iranian language, and not through Latin. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">It must have entered the Germanic languages after Grimm's Law turned PIE p- into f-, otherwise we would have had English *fath and Dutch *vad. </div><div dir="auto">Cf. Old Avestan _patha_ 'way'. This explains the loss of the nasal. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The European plains have had visits from several Eastern Iranian tribes such as the Sarmatians, who were dwelling in the Pontic steppe through which they had access to these plains. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Best regards, </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Marcel. </div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_extra" dir="auto"><br><div class="gmail_quote">Op 18 jul. 2017 8:11 a.m. schreef "Lowlands Languages & Cultures" <<a href="mailto:lowlands-l@listserv.linguistlist.org">lowlands-l@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>:<br type="attribution"><blockquote class="quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">to put it into wider-than-Germanic perspective, the word is definitely Indo-European: cf Russian путь, Old Church Slavoinc пѫть, Sanskrit पथः, and English path, Anglo-Saxon <span class="m_8022441526601369271gmail-st">pæþ</span>, Dutch pad, and German Pfad, all with basically the same meaning path, way, course, route. Indo-European would have been *panthis. And the common link with Latin pons, acc. pontem, etc would indicate maybe an even more basic meaning of the rood "how to get from here to there"<br><div class="gmail_extra"><br>And, matching well with what Marcel said above about (High) German words starting in *p, IE roots in *p- do not normally give German words in in *p (ratehr, like Pfad, they give words in *pf-), indicating that, although common Indo-European, and with Germanic cognates, the German*p words got into German not by the normal path (excuse the pun) but through borrowing (in this case no doubt from Latin, though it could conceivably come form Low German... though the nasal would tend to indicate Latin not Low German. If the loan were very very early, then Slavic might also conceivably be a source, but given the sense of the word, this seems unlikely)<br><br><br>Dr Michael W Morgan<br><div class="m_8022441526601369271gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div>mwm || *U*C> || mike || माईक || માઈક || মাঈক || மாஈக || مایک ||мика || 戊流岸マイク <br>sign language linguist / linguistic typologist / Deaf education consultant<br>"Have language, will travel"<br>==============================<wbr>=======<br>"People who are always looking down at the bottom line will always fail to see the stars" <br><br></div></div></div>
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