From idiez at mac.com Mon Feb 3 15:08:06 2003 From: idiez at mac.com (idiez at mac.com) Date: Mon, 3 Feb 2003 09:08:06 -0600 Subject: quecholli Message-ID: A coleague of mine recently asked if I could provide any information about the word "quecholli". She saw it referred to in a Classical text as a bright red spoon-billed crane. I asked some friends of mine from the Huasteca about the word, and they said that "quecholli"> "noquechol ", is the "campanita ", the little thing hanging down from the back of the roof of the mouth. When children get a sore throat, they say "huetztoc iquechol ", "his or her campanita is fallen ". An elder woman sticks her finger down the child's throat to manipulate the campanita, and this helps to cure the sickness. Does anybody know how these two meanings of "quecholli " relate? Or is there a glottal stop or long vowel distinction? John Sullivan, Ph.D. Instituto de Docencia e Investigación Etnológica de Zacatecas, A.C. Francisco García Salinas 604 Colonia CNOP Zacatecas, Zac. 98053 México +52 (492) 768-6048 idiez at mac.com www.idiez.org.mx From dcwright at prodigy.net.mx Mon Feb 3 15:23:15 2003 From: dcwright at prodigy.net.mx (David Wright) Date: Mon, 3 Feb 2003 09:23:15 -0600 Subject: Paleography Message-ID: A new book on paleography popped up today on the H-Mexico list: ************************************************ Enviado por: difusion.agn at mexico.com -------- El Archivo General de la Nación y la UAM-Iztapalapa tienen el agrado de invitar a usted a la presentación del libro: MANUAL DE PALEOGRAFIA Y DIPLOMATICA HISPANOAMERICANA SIGLOS XVI, XVII y XVIII de Natalia Silva Prada Presentadores: Irma Guadalupe Cruz, Clotilde Martínez Ibañez y Elvia Carreño Moderador: Juan Manuel Herrera Huerta Lugar y Horario: Centro de Educación Continua Casa del Tiempo ubicado en la calle Pedro Antonio de los Santos 84, Col. San Miguel Chapultepec. Viernes 14 de febrero de 2002 a las 17:00 hrs. Para mayores informes favor de comunicarse al tel. 5133-9900 ext. 19329 (AGN) con la Srita. Elizabeth Zamudio *********************************************** -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From campbel at indiana.edu Mon Feb 3 20:51:11 2003 From: campbel at indiana.edu (r. joe campbell) Date: Mon, 3 Feb 2003 15:51:11 -0500 Subject: Opaqueness in derivations Message-ID: I sent some of the comments and all of the following paradigmatic data to a friend who doesn't "do" Nahuatl -- then it occurred to me that it might be of interest to y'all. * * * * * * Right now I'm fascinated by a thing that disappears and makes recognizing words more difficult. You think of components in words as things that *do* show up, but this is like a component (it is *there* in certain grammatical formations inside words) -- except for the fact that where it does is to *delete* and hide something that is part of the word. ..... So, izta-tl (salt) makes a verb by adding -ya; izta-ya it turns white (like salt) with tzon-tli (hair) you get ni-tzon-izta-ya my hair turns white (like salt) You can get adjectives from verbs (not from nouns), but when you add the adjective ending -c to the verb iztaya to get "white", you get izta-c, not izta-ya-c. So the -ya is deleted and named the operation (which occurs in hundreds of words) "delya" (delete ya). It is a *big* thing that is spread all over the language and makes it harder to recognize and learn words. My big "question" is: How do find all the cases of "delya"? It just isn't there to find!!! (Obviously, this last comment isn't entirely serious -- the list of verb stems with basic -ya and those with -ya added to a noun as a "verber" intersects with certain derivations to form a fertile hunting place.) * * * * * * * * * * Here are some examples: "Patientive Nouns" a:huiya take pleasure a:huilli pleasure, debauchery a:huiya-delya-l1 tlaoya shell something tlaolli shelled corn tla-oya-delya-l-li coco:ya he sickens coco:lli pain coco:ya-delya-l-li tlao:coya he sorrows tlao:colli sorrow (n.) tlao:coya-delya-l-li "Active Nouns" coco:ya he sickens coco:liztli sickness coco:ya-delya-liz-tli chichiya taste bitter chichiliztli bitterness chichiya-delya-liz-tli "Causative Verbs" chichiya taste bitter nitla-chichilia I make s.t. taste bitter chichiya-delya-lia (cause) ni-tlao:coya I sorrow nech-tlao:colia it makes me sorrow nech-tlao:coya-delya-lia (cause) xocoya it sours quixocolia she makes it sour qui-xocoya-lia (cause) "Adjectives" tzope:liya it tastes sweet tzope:lic sweet tzope:liya-delya-c xocoya it sours xococ sour xocoya-delya-c iztaya turn white iztac white iztaya-delya-c ihya:ya it smells ihyac stinking ihya:ya-delya-c chichiya taste bitter chichic bitter chichiya-delya-c hue:iya he grows hue:iyac big, long hue:i-ya-delya-c cece:ya it cools cece:c cool, cold cece:ya-delya-c From zorrah at att.net Fri Feb 7 21:45:38 2003 From: zorrah at att.net (zorrah at att.net) Date: Fri, 7 Feb 2003 21:45:38 +0000 Subject: AZTEC Codices Online!!! Message-ID: Tlahpalotzintzin! I just found an entire online collection of our Anahuac (Mesoamerican) Aztec codices from the University of Utah! Please check-it out, the images are incredibly beautiful! Perhaps those of you who are "Aztec" experts know about this collection, already. If not, I highly recommend a visit to the following link: http://www.lib.utah.edu/digital/aztec/ Let me know what you think! citlalin xochime http://nahuatl.info From zorrah at att.net Fri Feb 7 22:44:21 2003 From: zorrah at att.net (zorrah at att.net) Date: Fri, 7 Feb 2003 22:44:21 +0000 Subject: Read NAHUATL Grammar Online, free!!! Message-ID: Read NAHUATL Grammar Online, free!!! Read Thelma D. Sullivan's "Compendium of Nahuatl Grammar" online from the University of Utah e-library connection to the net-library! http://www.netlibrary.com/index.asp ------------------------------------------------------------------- Below is the message that the net-library sent me after I signed-up! Signing-up is fast, easy, and most importantly free, free, free!!! Enjoy! citlalin xochime http://nahuatl.info P.S. e-library check-out was for 2-1/2 hours when I checked-out the Sullivan book. After your time is up, it becomes available to others. Or, I imagine, you can check-it out again and again! -------------------------------------------------------------------- Thanks for creating an eBook account. Your new account gives you access to the University of Utah eBook collection. eBooks are an exciting new resource that provides reliable content made more powerful with cutting-edge digital technology. The benefits of eBooks include: * 24 hours a day, 7 days a week access to information you need. * Powerful search technology saves you time by making it easy to search within a single book or across all the books in your library or organization's eBook collection in a matter of seconds. * An embedded dictionary in every eBook, enabling you to look up the definition of any word by simply double-clicking on it, and, in many cases, even hear an audio pronunciation. * The ability to cut and paste text directly into your documents. * No more late fees or lost, stolen, or damaged books. Your user name is: If you forget your password, remind yourself by going to this page http://www.netLibrary.com/supply_email.asp. Enter the e-mail address you used to sign up, answer the security question, and your password will be e-mailed to you promptly. To learn more about using eBooks, visit the netLibrary Help Section http://www.netLibrary.com/help/index.asp. If you are a first time user, you may want to review our QuickStart Guide http://www.netLibrary.com/quickstart_guide3.asp. If you have questions or comments about netLibrary or netLibrary eBooks, please contact us. http://www.netLibrary.com/about_us/company_info/contact_us.asp. From mdmorris at indiana.edu Sat Feb 8 00:25:14 2003 From: mdmorris at indiana.edu (Mark David Morris) Date: Fri, 7 Feb 2003 19:25:14 -0500 Subject: copichoa, panoltequi, ordinal sequences of textual space Message-ID: Dear List, Pleased to see a renewed interest in Nahuatl studies via this list, I am taking the opportunity to solicit advice on any of the three questions below. 1) Speaking of some beams that the writer has asked be carried to a friend's outbuildings (mohxacaltzin), the writer further requests, "mah ompa mosecpichocan." I tentatively identify the verb in question as "copichoa." Luis Reyes Garcia tells me that this verb means "to store, to keep (guardar)" and cites orphans or something strewn on the floor as things apt to "copichoa." Drawing from Molina, Remi Simeon defines "copichoa" as to roll something up such as a reed mat or a suit. Finally, Joe Campbell glosses "copichoa (niccopichoa)" as to "hollow out," in his vocabulary of the Florentine Codice prepared from the translation by Dibble and Anderson. Does anyone have a further opinion on "copichoa" and what might account for these multiple definitions? 2) In speaking of those same beams, the writer uses the verb "panoa." More specifically, he writes either "panolhuia," as Luis Reyes tells me I should read it, or writes, "panoltequi," as my eyes want to tell me. "Panoltequi" is a not too uncommon expression in Tlaxcala to say that one is passing time working, e.g. "nipanoltequi," (I am passing it working). I have never seen this verb as a transitive verb, however, as my paleography in this case would suggest. Is there anyone familiar with Puebla-Tlaxcala Nahuatl who has any ideas about "panoltequi"? 3) Finally, are there any published studies of the construction of textual space by ordinal series, e.g., "achtopa. . .inic ome tlamantli. . .etc." and/or studies that compare those constructions in Mesomamerican writing systems and in alphabetic colonial writing. Thank you in advance for your attention, Sincerely, Mark Morris P.S. The baptism ceremony is in chapter 11 of the Florentine Codice. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ La muerte tiene permiso a todo MDM, PhD Candidate Dept. of History, Indiana Univ. From anthony.appleyard at umist.ac.uk Sat Feb 8 08:16:02 2003 From: anthony.appleyard at umist.ac.uk (anthony.appleyard at umist.ac.uk) Date: Sat, 8 Feb 2003 08:16:02 -0000 Subject: Read NAHUATL Grammar Online, free!!! Message-ID: On 7 Feb 2003, at 22:44, zorrah at att.net wrote: > Read NAHUATL Grammar Online, free!!! > Read Thelma D. Sullivan's "Compendium of Nahuatl Grammar" online > from the University of Utah e-library connection to the net-library! > http://www.netlibrary.com/index.asp ... > P.S. e-library check-out was for 2-1/2 hours when I checked-out the Sullivan > book.... That sounds too expensive in phone bill for people with dialup lines. Many people would prefer to download the whole lot, or buy it on a CD-ROM, and then study it at leisure. Citlalyani. From zorrah at att.net Sat Feb 8 14:55:07 2003 From: zorrah at att.net (zorrah at att.net) Date: Sat, 8 Feb 2003 14:55:07 +0000 Subject: Read NAHUATL Grammar Online, free!!! Message-ID: That is an excellent point. That is, the e-library service may be too expensive for people with dial-up service. I guess I got carried away with the online resources because I have fast, cable broadband service :) My apologies to those who dial-up. To those who wrote me (yet have no way to access e-library materials) about getting copies of the Sullivan book from the e-library, please be patient, and I will investigate the rules, conditions and use of copying e-library material. I will send you a reply when I have further information. To those who have dial-up service and perhaps more than one computer in your home or office: I suggest that people with more than one computer in their work area (home or office) with cable access, to switch to cable broadband. I pay $55 a month for cable broadband and we have a network of 3 computers (1 MAC, 2 PC's). All you have to do is go to Circuit City (or buy online) and purchase a broadband router (varies in price from $50-up). Once you have the router, you simply hook-up all your home or office computers to the router. The cable company provides the modem with installation. The router hooks-up to the modem, and Wella! This is a cost-effective way to avoid expensive dial- up service if you have more than 1 computer in your work area with online access expenses (Dial-up service costing about $21/month for each online computer, not to mention the cost of extra phone lines!). Besides, by disconnecting your phone line, you will save even more money by no longer paying for all the extra taxes and fees now assessed by telephone companies (Telephone companies in the United States are really tax-collecting agencies for government). Don't get fooled, get cable! citlalin xochime http://nahuatl.info > On 7 Feb 2003, at 22:44, zorrah at att.net wrote: > > Read NAHUATL Grammar Online, free!!! > > Read Thelma D. Sullivan's "Compendium of Nahuatl Grammar" online > > from the University of Utah e-library connection to the net-library! > > http://www.netlibrary.com/index.asp ... > > P.S. e-library check-out was for 2-1/2 hours when I checked-out the Sullivan > > book.... > > That sounds too expensive in phone bill for people with dialup lines. > Many people would prefer to download the whole lot, or buy it on a > CD-ROM, and then study it at leisure. > > Citlalyani. > From campbel at indiana.edu Mon Feb 10 04:26:32 2003 From: campbel at indiana.edu (r. joe campbell) Date: Sun, 9 Feb 2003 23:26:32 -0500 Subject: copichoa, panoltequi, ordinal sequences of textual space In-Reply-To: Message-ID: Marque, ...comments below... On Fri, 7 Feb 2003, Mark David Morris wrote: > > Pleased to see a renewed interest in Nahuatl studies via this list, ditto!! On the problem of "copichoa" -- the 'hollowing out' and 'rolling up' seem semantically cohesive to me. If you roll up a manta, you end up with a hollow space. The semantic distance between that 16th century meaning and the 21st century meaning that Luis Reyes Garcia supplies seems possible, especially when you think of the "spooning" and gathering function of a rolled up tortilla. > 1) Speaking of some beams that the writer has asked be carried to a > friend's outbuildings (mohxacaltzin), the writer further requests, "mah > ompa mosecpichocan." I tentatively identify the verb in question as > "copichoa." Luis Reyes Garcia tells me that this verb means "to store, to > keep (guardar)" and cites orphans or something strewn on the floor as > things apt to "copichoa." Drawing from Molina, Remi Simeon defines > "copichoa" as to roll something up such as a reed mat or a suit. Finally, > Joe Campbell glosses "copichoa (niccopichoa)" as to "hollow out," Your "panoltequi" looks like something that is hard to fit with "classical" Nahuatl (e.g., nitequipanoa), where the noun "tequitl" is embedded in a verb. And when they needed a verb out of "tequitl", it took a suffix "-ti": "nitequiti" -- I have work. It shouldn't be distressing that there is a mismatch between dialects separated that much in time -- I'm surprised by the amount of conservatism that we see in comparing modern dialects to the older stages of the language. > > 2) In speaking of those same beams, the writer uses the verb "panoa." > More specifically, he writes either "panolhuia," as Luis Reyes tells me I > should read it, or writes, "panoltequi," as my eyes want to tell me. > "Panoltequi" is a not too uncommon expression in Tlaxcala to say that one > is passing time working, e.g. "nipanoltequi," (I am passing it working). > I have never seen this verb as a transitive verb, however, as my > paleography in this case would suggest. Is there anyone familiar with > Puebla-Tlaxcala Nahuatl who has any ideas about "panoltequi"? > > Uh... chapter 11 of which book? > > > P.S. The baptism ceremony is in chapter 11 of the Florentine Codice. > > Best regards (and felicidades), Joe From mdmorris at indiana.edu Mon Feb 10 23:45:33 2003 From: mdmorris at indiana.edu (Mark David Morris) Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2003 18:45:33 -0500 Subject: copichoa, panoltequi, ordinal sequences of textual space In-Reply-To: Message-ID: Joe, Thanks for your assistance to these questions. As usual, you've pointed out a slip in my analysis; however, I can also confirm a standard deviation in this 18th-century Tlaxcala Nahuatl from the Classicial model. First, tequipanoa is the customary way of saying, "passing it working." I was just being goofy, dyslexic or maybe dysgoofic to think otherwise. Its most common instance in 18th-century Tlaxcala is "motequipanolcatzin" your servant. However, these 18th-century Tlaxcalteca don't say tequiti, they say tequi, in all cases. I take this as a logical extension of the notion, that Luis Reyes also pointed out to me, that tequi is the cutting done in agricultural labor and from that has extended to signify work in general. This is not too surprising to find in Tlaxcala given that the region, as a whole, shows many signs of archaic Nahuatl, such as the -tli absolutive ending, e.g. nehuatli. However, there are a lot of things that occur in 18th-century Nahuatl in Tlaxcala that do seem very odd. Since several members of this list have asked about the comparisons between the Classical 16th-century Nahuatl of Texcoco (relatives of the Tlaxcalteca Chichimeca nobility no less) and other dialogues, I include the letter below from my main "informant" to illustrate the variations that can occur in a Nahuatl text. The odd turns and twist of this text also highlight the unenviable challenge those attempting to reconstruct a Nahuatl past from the tangled threads of diverse Mexican native traditions confront in the face of such potential of diversity within one of a hundred native language traditions. best, Mark Morris P.S. Given that this Telnet shell has no copy function, I am sending the text through a different account. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ La muerte tiene permiso a todo MDM, PhD Candidate Dept. of History, Indiana Univ. From schwallr at mrs.umn.edu Tue Feb 11 16:14:46 2003 From: schwallr at mrs.umn.edu (John F. Schwaller) Date: Tue, 11 Feb 2003 10:14:46 -0600 Subject: Noconpaletzin 1753 Message-ID: APST 1753 Exp. Ficha 177* Two Sr Rexor pasado Dn Miguel Aparisio Onic Seli In moamatzin huel onipac unon ic mat mitzmo chicahualia In tto Ds y nahuactinco Soapili yhua Inamopil huantzitzin Yhua mochtin In aquique tic In motlasotilia ynehuatl nicmo masehuia YnichiCaualitzin yn tto Ds tlatoCapili oniquitac Yn moamatzin ytech cacopa Ytlen tinech hual molhui lia yCa yn tocniuhhuan Yca ynmo amauh oniquintitlanili Caxyoquil cauque axcan Umotech monequi y--- yn Quinalquix tiquihue In ni mahu yotzin ypampa ynilhuitl Umopa cho quiuh yhu Ynquiahuitl ypan pa ynon allochuetl tlenqui chi que Yca ynon axcan mahual huihui cazan yhuan manech na tisque que y—esqui tonali tequi hue llenican onicnahnahuati yn xinotzin maquinalquixtican Yn no amauh oniquintitlanili xiquinmo— quistili Ynin moamuah Yhuan 1v. maticmo tlahtlauhtilis Ynidechotzin de la Cruz yhuan nisihuahtzin tinech onmahuitz sotis yCa yntlahtla uhtil niquita nechon tlcamati y aso quimania quipias tlen nech tla tlauhtis Sano yoqui nicchihuas yCa yni tlaxolo pichihualis Y Jps Leonaxdo yCa yni namic oquiteco cocapolo yni si (tachado) huauh achtopa oquimalas huelitlistli yhua sate pania quiteco coca polohua yhua yCa ynin quipia neltilistli ynL Dn nisidro yhuan yni namic au yn notlahtlautil macamo pano ca yxpan Justica ma onpaqui lle c tlali Yn tequi pichqui Yhuan y tla Camo manech nahuatican Y hua Yn tlacamo nehuatl onpa nias yhuan Sano yoqui Yn chep—mat—cholo maquitemo ynitatzin yCa mo llec tlaisque ypanpa amo mopohpolo timisque Yca tomi n quenami nimotlasotla sano Yu qui nicnequi motlasotlasque (tachado, check original) yhuan In tequipichqui maquipiacanoque nemi tequipichqui maCamo quixocopehuaCan Ynitlana huatil ytlaCamo qualitl f. 2 quichihuasque manechnahuati li can Ynin notlatlautil nicchihua amo panos tlaixpan yCa tle sa pa nictlasoCamatis ynyaqui mochihuas yhuan Sano lloqui tehuatzin Dn Miguel maticmotlah lis remedio ocse nimitzmolhuililia yCa ynmo amatzin amo oniquip Ca lloti lle huiptla Ypanpa achi- moCoCo alla achcan lleni pactica yca tlen mochi yTlen otinech hual mo yCuilhuili panatil monelto quitis Cuamitz motlasotilia Ynmo ca Cotzin Sn SaCramentado Yhuan nehua nimitzmo tlasotilia ytech y n no Yolo ipanpa ynon onimitz mol huili ihuan sasepa xicmotlaso Ca machiti yhu ypan Ynon xicma sisca machiti huel tetlaso cama ti ynon Yhuan sanolloqui Yn— huatl quipia Ymerino maquimac ynitlahuicac ps (?) amoquehute chilisque Cuentos Yn Merino hua Yn Soapili xicmotlatl— li que Despues nicmatisque ynon San chquich ma Ds mit- chicahuili miec xihuitl mochantzinco panotla Junio de 1753 a mitzmo tlahuilhui 2v. Huilia aquin semicac mitzmo tlasotilia Pasql Antto John F. Schwaller Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs and Dean 315 Behmler Hall University of Minnesota, Morris 600 E 4th Street Morris, MN 56267 320-589-6015 FAX 320-589-6399 schwallr at mrs.umn.edu From RCRAPO at hass.usu.edu Tue Feb 11 20:58:02 2003 From: RCRAPO at hass.usu.edu (Richley Crapo) Date: Tue, 11 Feb 2003 13:58:02 -0700 Subject: Help! Message-ID: I've been trying to puzzle this out for some time now with no success. Can anyone here make sense of it? "cencah i:c o:momotzahuia in i:yo:llo" From mdmorris at indiana.edu Tue Feb 11 16:08:11 2003 From: mdmorris at indiana.edu (Mark David Morris) Date: Tue, 11 Feb 2003 11:08:11 -0500 Subject: copichoa, panoltequi, ordinal sequences of textual space In-Reply-To: Message-ID: Dear List, As I commented earlier, the following text offers a nice example of Tlaxcala's Nahuatl in the 18th-century and its processes of change toward a regional Spanish dialect. AFST 1753 Exp. Ficha 177* Two Sr Rexor pasado Dn Miguel Aparisio Onic Seli In moamatzin huel onipac unon ic mat mitzmo chicahualia In tto Ds y nahuactinco Soapili yhua Inamopil huantzitzin Yhua mochtin In aquique tic on motlasotilia ynehuatl nicmo masehuia YnichiCaualitzin yn tto Ds tlatoCapili oniquitac Yn moamatzin ytech cacopa Ytlen tinech hual molhui lia yCa yn tocniuhhuan Yca ynmo amauh oniquintitlanili Ca xyoquil cauque axcan Umotech monequi y--- yn Quinalquixtiquihue In nimahu yotzin ypampa ynilhuitl Umopa choquiuh yhu Ynquiahuitl ypan pa ynon allochuetl tlenqui chi que Yca ynon axcan mahual huihui cazan yhuan manech na tisque que y-esqui tonali tequi hue llenican onicnahnahuati yn Xinotzin maquinalquixtican Yn no Amauh oniquintitlanili xiquinmo- quistili Ynin moamuah Yhuan 1v. maticmo tlahtlauhtilis Ynidechotzin de la Cruz yhuan nisihuahtzin tinech onmahuitz sotis yCa yntlahtla uhtil niquita nechon tlcamati y aso quimania quipias tlen nech tla tlauhtis Sano yoqui nicchihuas yCa yni tlaxolo pichihualis Y Jps Leonaxdo yCa yni namic oquiteco cocapolo yni si (tachado) huauh achtopa oquimalas huelitlistli yhua sate pania quiteco coca polohua yhua yCa ynin quipia neltilistli ynL Dn nisidro yhuan yni namic au yn notlahtlautil macamo pano ca yxpan Justica ma onpaqui lle c tlali Yn tequi pichqui Yhuan y tla Camo manech nahuatican Y hua Yn tlacamo nehuatl onpa nias yhuan Sano yoqui Yn chep-mat-cholo maquitemo ynitatzin yCa mo llec tlaisque ypanpa amo mopohpolo timisque Yca tomi n quenami nimotlasotla sano Yu qui nicnequi motlasotlasque (tachado) yhuan In tequipichqui maquipiacanoque nemi tequipichqui maCamo quixocopehuaCan Ynitlana huatil ytlaCamo qualitl f. 2 quichihuasque manechnahuati li can Ynin notlatlautil nicchihua amo panos tlaixpan yCa tle sa pa nictlasoCamatis ynyaqui mochihuas yhuan Sano lloqui tehuatzin Dn Miguel maticmotlah lis remedio ocse nimitzmolhuililia yCa ynmo amatzin amo oniquip Ca lloti lle huiptla Ypanpa achi- moCoCo alla achcan lleni pactica yca tlen mochi yTlen otinech hual mo yCuilhuili panatil monelto quitis Cuamitz motlasotilia Ynmo ca Cotzin Sn SaCramentado Yhuan nehua nimitzmo tlasotilia ytech y n no Yolo ipanpa ynon onimitz mol huili ihuan sasepa xicmotlaso Ca machiti yhu ypan Ynon xicma sisca machiti huel tetlaso cama ti ynon Yhuan sanolloqui Yn- huatl quipia Ymerino maquimac ynitlahuicac ps amoquehute chilisque Cuentos Yn Merino hua Yn Soapili xicmotlatl- li que Despues nicmatisque ynon San ichquich ma Ds mit- chicahuili miec xihuitl mochantzinco panotla Junio De 1753 a mitzmo tlahcuilhui 2v. huilia aquin semicac mitzmo tlasotilia Pasql Antto ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ La muerte tiene permiso a todo MDM, PhD Candidate Dept. of History, Indiana Univ. From dgomez at abqpubco.com Thu Feb 13 11:32:17 2003 From: dgomez at abqpubco.com (David Gomez) Date: Thu, 13 Feb 2003 11:32:17 +0000 Subject: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Espa=F1oles?= Mexicanos Message-ID: If I remember correctly, an "Españole Mexicano" was a title given to an Indigenous Mexican (Tlaxcalan, for example) who had acculturated into the Hispanicised society. He could own land, etc. Am I correct in this, or am I thinking of a different title? From zorrah at att.net Sun Feb 23 19:55:32 2003 From: zorrah at att.net (zorrah at att.net) Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2003 19:55:32 +0000 Subject: Any Nahuatl classes in Los Angeles area? Message-ID: Any Nahuatl classes in Los Angeles area? Does anyone know about any Nahuatl classes being taught in the greater Los Angeles area? I thought that I had read about such a class from this list. However, my search for any such class revealed no results. Tlazohkamati, citlalin xochime http://nahuatl.info From idiez at mac.com Mon Feb 24 17:47:04 2003 From: idiez at mac.com (idiez at mac.com) Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2003 11:47:04 -0600 Subject: Nahuatl Summer course in Zacatecas Message-ID: Instituto de Docencia e Investigación Etnológica de Zacatecas, A.C. Intensive Course in Classical and Modern Nahuatl. Summer 2003, 5 weeks (June 30 to August 1). I. 20 sessions of classroom study (June 30 to July 25). a). Two hours per day of Modern Huastecan Nahuatl conversation taught by native speakers. b). Two hours per day of work in Classical Náhuatl (grammar; transcription and translation of colonial manuscripts) -Beginner level: We will use Molina's dictionary and Lockhart's Nahuatl as written (see below). -Intermediate and advanced level: We will use Molina's dictionary and Carochi's grammar (see below). II. Seven day visit to the Nahua community of Chapulhuacanito, San Luis Potosí where students will live with an indigenous family. We will leave Zacatecas on the evening of Friday, July 25 and arrive in Chapulhuacanito the following morning. We will begin the return trip to Zacatecas on the evening of Friday, August 1, and arrive the following morning. Cost: One thousand five hundred dollars. This includes tuition and all expenses related to the Huasteca trip (round-trip transportation between Zacatecas and the Huasteca, room and board). Not included are course texts (see below), transportation between wherever you are coming from and Zacatecas, and room and board during the four week classroom period. Course materials for Classical Nahuatl: 1. Everyone will need: Molina, Alonso de. Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana. Colección “Biblioteca Porrúa” 44. México: Porrúa. You can purchase a copy from us for 25 dollars. 2. Beginners will need: Lockhart, James. 2001. Nahuatl as Written. Lessons in Older Writeen Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts. Stanford: Stanford University Press. You will need to purchase this before coming to Zacatecas. 3. Intermediate and advanced students will need: Carochi, S.J., Horacio. 2001. Grammar of the Mexican language with an explanation of its adverbs (1645). Stanford: Stanford University Press. You will need to purchase this before coming to Zacatecas. 4. All students will receive, free of charge, numerous grammar charts as well as photocopies and digitalized photos of the manuscripts we will be translating. Room and board: We have access to a pool of families with experience in housing foreign students. The service includes a room, three meals a day, room cleaning and clean sheets, hot water for bathing, and use of the washing machine and clothesline if you wish. The costs are as follows: - Individual room: US$22 per day per person - Shared room: US$16 per day per person - Child: US$12 per day per person. We can also help you to rent an apartment, house, or space in a hostal. Academic Credit for the course is issued through the Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas and the Escuela Normal "Manuel Avila Camacho" of the State of Zacatecas. Feel free to contact us if you have any questions: John Sullivan, Ph.D. Professor Doctorado en Historia Colonial Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas Director Instituto de Docencia e Investigación Etnológica de Zacatecas, A.C. Francisco García Salinas 604 Colonia CNOP Zacatecas, Zac. 98053 Tel: +52 (492) 768-6048 idiez at mac.com This course information will be updated on our website in a few days: www.idiez.org.mx Instituto de Docencia e Investigación Etnológica de Zacatecas, A.C. Curso intensivo de Náhuatl clásico y moderno. Verano 2003, 5 semanas (del 30 de junio al primero de agosto). I. 20 sesiones de trabajo en aula (del 30 de junio al 25 de julio).) a). Dos horas diarias de conversación en náhuatl moderno de la Huasteca con maestros nativohablantes. b). Dos horas diarias de trabajo con el Náhuatl Clásico (gramática, paleografía y traducción de manuscritos coloniales). Nivel principiante: Usaremos el diccionario de Molina y Nahuatl as written de James Lockhart (vea abajo). Nivel intermedio y avanzado: Usaremos el diccionario de Molina y la gramática de Carochi (vea abajo). II. Estancia de siete días en la comunidad nahua de Chapulhuacanito, San Luis Potosí, donde los estudiantes vivirán con una familia indígena. Saldremos de Zacatecas el viernes, 25 de julio por la tarde para llegar a Chapulhuacanito la mañana siguiente. Partiremos de regreso a Zacatecas el viernes, primero de agosto por la tarde para llegar la mañana siguiente. Costo: Mil quinientos dólares. Incluye la colegiatura y todos los gastos relacionados con la estancia en la Huasteca (viaje redondo entre Zacatecas y la Huasteca, hospedaje y alimentación). No incluye los textos (vea abajo), el costo del viaje redondo entre Zacatecas y el lugar de origen del estudiante, ni el hospedaje y la alimentación durante las cuatro semanas en Zacatecas. Materiales para el curso de Náhuatl Clásico: 1. Todos necesitaremos: Molina, Alonso de. Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana. Colección “Biblioteca Porrúa” 44. México: Porrúa. Se puede comprar un ejemplar en Zacatecas por 25 dólares. 2. Los principiantes necesitarán: Lockhart, James. 2001. Nahuatl as Written. Lessons in Older Writeen Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Habrá que comprar este texto antes de llegar a Zacatecas. 3. Los de nivel intermedio y avanzado necesitarán: Carochi, S.J., Horacio. 2001. Grammar of the Mexican language with an explanation of its adverbs (1645). Stanford: Stanford University Press. Habrá que comprar este texto antes de llegar a Zacatecas. 4. Todos los estudiantes recibirán, de manera gratuita, numerosos esquemas gramaticales, así como fotocopias e imágenes digitalizadas de los manuscritos que vamos a estudiar. Hospedaje y alimentación en Zacatecas: Tenemos acceso a un grupo de familias con experiencia en el hospedaje de estudiantes extranjeros. El servicio incluye una recámara, tres comidas al día, aseo del cuarto, sábanas limpias, y acceso a la lavadora y al tendedero. Los costos son: - cuarto individual: US$22 por día por persona - cuarto compartido: US$16 por día por persona - niños: US$12 por día por persona. También podemos facilitar la renta de un departamento, una casa, o un espacio en un hostal. El credito académico del curso se emitirá a través de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas y la Escuela Normal "Manuel Avila Camacho" del Estado de Zacatecas. Para cualquier pregunta, favor de comunicarse con nosotros: John Sullivan, Ph.D. Profesor Doctorado en Historia Colonial Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas Director Instituto de Docencia e Investigación Etnológica de Zacatecas, A.C. Francisco García Salinas 604 Colonia CNOP Zacatecas, Zac. 98053 Tel: +52 (492) 768-6048 idiez at mac.com En unos cuantos días, actualizaremos nuestra página web con esta información. -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: not available Type: text/enriched Size: 7384 bytes Desc: not available URL: From Pscolieri at aol.com Tue Feb 25 01:56:21 2003 From: Pscolieri at aol.com (Pscolieri at aol.com) Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2003 20:56:21 EST Subject: motolinia on baile Message-ID: I was wondering if anyone had any insight into Motolinia's analysis of the Nahua words for dance (macehualiztli and netotiliztli.) He defines them in the following way: En esta lengua de Anavac la danza ó el baile tiene dos nombres: el uno es macevaliztli, y el otro netotiliztli. Este postrero quiere decir propiamente baile de regocijo con que se solazan y toman placer los indios en sus propias fiestas, ansí como los señores y principales en sus casas y en sus casimientos, y cuando ansí bailan y danzan dicen netotilo, bailan ó danzan; netotiliztli, baile ó danza. El segundo y principal nombre de la danza se llama macevaliztli, que propiamente queiere decir merecer: tenian este baile por obra meritoria, ansí como decimos merecer uno en las obras de caridad, de penitencia y en las otras virtudes hechas por buen fin. De este verbo macevalo viene su compuesto tlamacevalo, por hacer penitencia ó confesion, y estos bailes más solenes eran hechos en la fiesta generales y tambien particulares de sus dioses, y hacíanlas en las plazas. I'm curious to know whether the words themselves have any significance that his definitions fail to account for. Any thoughts would be appreciated. Best, Paul Scolieri From schwallr at mrs.umn.edu Tue Feb 25 22:22:02 2003 From: schwallr at mrs.umn.edu (John F. Schwaller) Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2003 16:22:02 -0600 Subject: Call for help with Nahuat-Pipil project Message-ID: Date: Thu, 20 Feb 2003 08:11:09 -0800 (PST) From: Alan King Subject: Call for help with Nahuat-Pipil project I posted a few months ago, asking for information about the Pipil or Nahuat or Nawat language of El Salvador. Thanks in part to the responses I received, I made a lot of progress and achieved many of my objectives. I am now writing once again to ask for help, but of a somewhat different kind. I will state once again that I am a linguist with many years' experience working mainly with European minority languages, Basque in particular. However, I have now moved to El Salvador and have begun work on the largest native language here, Pipil or Nahuat, which as many of you will know, is very closely related to Nahuatl, of which some consider it to be a dialect. The project I am involved in aims specifically to create a series of children's teaching materials of/in Nahuat. In a more general way, of course, the objective is to contribute significantly to the language's revitalization, which is in imminent danger of extinction as the last fluent speakers pass away. To be able to achieve both of these ends, much work needs to be done (on extremely limited resources!) in a variety of fields, including linguistic research since the language is still imperfectly documented. The project I am involved in is still in the earliest stage but plans are fairly ambitious. We hope to involve a number of people, both native Pipils and other specialists who may be able and willing to contribute some of their time, expertise and work to this worthy cause. The project has institutional support and interest from a variety of quarters, including indigenous, national and international organisations. If anybody reading this message thinks they might be able to help, please drop me a line (probably privately would be best) in either English or Spanish, and I will be glad to discuss further. All kinds of assistance will be useful, but I was thinking in particular of: a) anybody who has actually worked on Pipil/Nahuat; b) possibly Nahuatl specialists who think their linguistic knowledge may be relevant to research on Nahuat; c) anybody with experience in projects of a similar nature concerning other languages who would like to share their wisdom. Many regards, Dr. Alan R. King (Universidad Don Bosco, Soyapango, El Salvador) Alan King From idiez at mac.com Mon Feb 3 15:08:06 2003 From: idiez at mac.com (idiez at mac.com) Date: Mon, 3 Feb 2003 09:08:06 -0600 Subject: quecholli Message-ID: A coleague of mine recently asked if I could provide any information about the word "quecholli". She saw it referred to in a Classical text as a bright red spoon-billed crane. I asked some friends of mine from the Huasteca about the word, and they said that "quecholli"> "noquechol ", is the "campanita ", the little thing hanging down from the back of the roof of the mouth. When children get a sore throat, they say "huetztoc iquechol ", "his or her campanita is fallen ". An elder woman sticks her finger down the child's throat to manipulate the campanita, and this helps to cure the sickness. Does anybody know how these two meanings of "quecholli " relate? Or is there a glottal stop or long vowel distinction? John Sullivan, Ph.D. Instituto de Docencia e Investigaci?n Etnol?gica de Zacatecas, A.C. Francisco Garc?a Salinas 604 Colonia CNOP Zacatecas, Zac. 98053 M?xico +52 (492) 768-6048 idiez at mac.com www.idiez.org.mx From dcwright at prodigy.net.mx Mon Feb 3 15:23:15 2003 From: dcwright at prodigy.net.mx (David Wright) Date: Mon, 3 Feb 2003 09:23:15 -0600 Subject: Paleography Message-ID: A new book on paleography popped up today on the H-Mexico list: ************************************************ Enviado por: difusion.agn at mexico.com -------- El Archivo General de la Naci?n y la UAM-Iztapalapa tienen el agrado de invitar a usted a la presentaci?n del libro: MANUAL DE PALEOGRAFIA Y DIPLOMATICA HISPANOAMERICANA SIGLOS XVI, XVII y XVIII de Natalia Silva Prada Presentadores: Irma Guadalupe Cruz, Clotilde Mart?nez Iba?ez y Elvia Carre?o Moderador: Juan Manuel Herrera Huerta Lugar y Horario: Centro de Educaci?n Continua Casa del Tiempo ubicado en la calle Pedro Antonio de los Santos 84, Col. San Miguel Chapultepec. Viernes 14 de febrero de 2002 a las 17:00 hrs. Para mayores informes favor de comunicarse al tel. 5133-9900 ext. 19329 (AGN) con la Srita. Elizabeth Zamudio *********************************************** -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From campbel at indiana.edu Mon Feb 3 20:51:11 2003 From: campbel at indiana.edu (r. joe campbell) Date: Mon, 3 Feb 2003 15:51:11 -0500 Subject: Opaqueness in derivations Message-ID: I sent some of the comments and all of the following paradigmatic data to a friend who doesn't "do" Nahuatl -- then it occurred to me that it might be of interest to y'all. * * * * * * Right now I'm fascinated by a thing that disappears and makes recognizing words more difficult. You think of components in words as things that *do* show up, but this is like a component (it is *there* in certain grammatical formations inside words) -- except for the fact that where it does is to *delete* and hide something that is part of the word. ..... So, izta-tl (salt) makes a verb by adding -ya; izta-ya it turns white (like salt) with tzon-tli (hair) you get ni-tzon-izta-ya my hair turns white (like salt) You can get adjectives from verbs (not from nouns), but when you add the adjective ending -c to the verb iztaya to get "white", you get izta-c, not izta-ya-c. So the -ya is deleted and named the operation (which occurs in hundreds of words) "delya" (delete ya). It is a *big* thing that is spread all over the language and makes it harder to recognize and learn words. My big "question" is: How do find all the cases of "delya"? It just isn't there to find!!! (Obviously, this last comment isn't entirely serious -- the list of verb stems with basic -ya and those with -ya added to a noun as a "verber" intersects with certain derivations to form a fertile hunting place.) * * * * * * * * * * Here are some examples: "Patientive Nouns" a:huiya take pleasure a:huilli pleasure, debauchery a:huiya-delya-l1 tlaoya shell something tlaolli shelled corn tla-oya-delya-l-li coco:ya he sickens coco:lli pain coco:ya-delya-l-li tlao:coya he sorrows tlao:colli sorrow (n.) tlao:coya-delya-l-li "Active Nouns" coco:ya he sickens coco:liztli sickness coco:ya-delya-liz-tli chichiya taste bitter chichiliztli bitterness chichiya-delya-liz-tli "Causative Verbs" chichiya taste bitter nitla-chichilia I make s.t. taste bitter chichiya-delya-lia (cause) ni-tlao:coya I sorrow nech-tlao:colia it makes me sorrow nech-tlao:coya-delya-lia (cause) xocoya it sours quixocolia she makes it sour qui-xocoya-lia (cause) "Adjectives" tzope:liya it tastes sweet tzope:lic sweet tzope:liya-delya-c xocoya it sours xococ sour xocoya-delya-c iztaya turn white iztac white iztaya-delya-c ihya:ya it smells ihyac stinking ihya:ya-delya-c chichiya taste bitter chichic bitter chichiya-delya-c hue:iya he grows hue:iyac big, long hue:i-ya-delya-c cece:ya it cools cece:c cool, cold cece:ya-delya-c From zorrah at att.net Fri Feb 7 21:45:38 2003 From: zorrah at att.net (zorrah at att.net) Date: Fri, 7 Feb 2003 21:45:38 +0000 Subject: AZTEC Codices Online!!! Message-ID: Tlahpalotzintzin! I just found an entire online collection of our Anahuac (Mesoamerican) Aztec codices from the University of Utah! Please check-it out, the images are incredibly beautiful! Perhaps those of you who are "Aztec" experts know about this collection, already. If not, I highly recommend a visit to the following link: http://www.lib.utah.edu/digital/aztec/ Let me know what you think! citlalin xochime http://nahuatl.info From zorrah at att.net Fri Feb 7 22:44:21 2003 From: zorrah at att.net (zorrah at att.net) Date: Fri, 7 Feb 2003 22:44:21 +0000 Subject: Read NAHUATL Grammar Online, free!!! Message-ID: Read NAHUATL Grammar Online, free!!! Read Thelma D. Sullivan's "Compendium of Nahuatl Grammar" online from the University of Utah e-library connection to the net-library! http://www.netlibrary.com/index.asp ------------------------------------------------------------------- Below is the message that the net-library sent me after I signed-up! Signing-up is fast, easy, and most importantly free, free, free!!! Enjoy! citlalin xochime http://nahuatl.info P.S. e-library check-out was for 2-1/2 hours when I checked-out the Sullivan book. After your time is up, it becomes available to others. Or, I imagine, you can check-it out again and again! -------------------------------------------------------------------- Thanks for creating an eBook account. Your new account gives you access to the University of Utah eBook collection. eBooks are an exciting new resource that provides reliable content made more powerful with cutting-edge digital technology. The benefits of eBooks include: * 24 hours a day, 7 days a week access to information you need. * Powerful search technology saves you time by making it easy to search within a single book or across all the books in your library or organization's eBook collection in a matter of seconds. * An embedded dictionary in every eBook, enabling you to look up the definition of any word by simply double-clicking on it, and, in many cases, even hear an audio pronunciation. * The ability to cut and paste text directly into your documents. * No more late fees or lost, stolen, or damaged books. Your user name is: If you forget your password, remind yourself by going to this page http://www.netLibrary.com/supply_email.asp. Enter the e-mail address you used to sign up, answer the security question, and your password will be e-mailed to you promptly. To learn more about using eBooks, visit the netLibrary Help Section http://www.netLibrary.com/help/index.asp. If you are a first time user, you may want to review our QuickStart Guide http://www.netLibrary.com/quickstart_guide3.asp. If you have questions or comments about netLibrary or netLibrary eBooks, please contact us. http://www.netLibrary.com/about_us/company_info/contact_us.asp. From mdmorris at indiana.edu Sat Feb 8 00:25:14 2003 From: mdmorris at indiana.edu (Mark David Morris) Date: Fri, 7 Feb 2003 19:25:14 -0500 Subject: copichoa, panoltequi, ordinal sequences of textual space Message-ID: Dear List, Pleased to see a renewed interest in Nahuatl studies via this list, I am taking the opportunity to solicit advice on any of the three questions below. 1) Speaking of some beams that the writer has asked be carried to a friend's outbuildings (mohxacaltzin), the writer further requests, "mah ompa mosecpichocan." I tentatively identify the verb in question as "copichoa." Luis Reyes Garcia tells me that this verb means "to store, to keep (guardar)" and cites orphans or something strewn on the floor as things apt to "copichoa." Drawing from Molina, Remi Simeon defines "copichoa" as to roll something up such as a reed mat or a suit. Finally, Joe Campbell glosses "copichoa (niccopichoa)" as to "hollow out," in his vocabulary of the Florentine Codice prepared from the translation by Dibble and Anderson. Does anyone have a further opinion on "copichoa" and what might account for these multiple definitions? 2) In speaking of those same beams, the writer uses the verb "panoa." More specifically, he writes either "panolhuia," as Luis Reyes tells me I should read it, or writes, "panoltequi," as my eyes want to tell me. "Panoltequi" is a not too uncommon expression in Tlaxcala to say that one is passing time working, e.g. "nipanoltequi," (I am passing it working). I have never seen this verb as a transitive verb, however, as my paleography in this case would suggest. Is there anyone familiar with Puebla-Tlaxcala Nahuatl who has any ideas about "panoltequi"? 3) Finally, are there any published studies of the construction of textual space by ordinal series, e.g., "achtopa. . .inic ome tlamantli. . .etc." and/or studies that compare those constructions in Mesomamerican writing systems and in alphabetic colonial writing. Thank you in advance for your attention, Sincerely, Mark Morris P.S. The baptism ceremony is in chapter 11 of the Florentine Codice. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ La muerte tiene permiso a todo MDM, PhD Candidate Dept. of History, Indiana Univ. From anthony.appleyard at umist.ac.uk Sat Feb 8 08:16:02 2003 From: anthony.appleyard at umist.ac.uk (anthony.appleyard at umist.ac.uk) Date: Sat, 8 Feb 2003 08:16:02 -0000 Subject: Read NAHUATL Grammar Online, free!!! Message-ID: On 7 Feb 2003, at 22:44, zorrah at att.net wrote: > Read NAHUATL Grammar Online, free!!! > Read Thelma D. Sullivan's "Compendium of Nahuatl Grammar" online > from the University of Utah e-library connection to the net-library! > http://www.netlibrary.com/index.asp ... > P.S. e-library check-out was for 2-1/2 hours when I checked-out the Sullivan > book.... That sounds too expensive in phone bill for people with dialup lines. Many people would prefer to download the whole lot, or buy it on a CD-ROM, and then study it at leisure. Citlalyani. From zorrah at att.net Sat Feb 8 14:55:07 2003 From: zorrah at att.net (zorrah at att.net) Date: Sat, 8 Feb 2003 14:55:07 +0000 Subject: Read NAHUATL Grammar Online, free!!! Message-ID: That is an excellent point. That is, the e-library service may be too expensive for people with dial-up service. I guess I got carried away with the online resources because I have fast, cable broadband service :) My apologies to those who dial-up. To those who wrote me (yet have no way to access e-library materials) about getting copies of the Sullivan book from the e-library, please be patient, and I will investigate the rules, conditions and use of copying e-library material. I will send you a reply when I have further information. To those who have dial-up service and perhaps more than one computer in your home or office: I suggest that people with more than one computer in their work area (home or office) with cable access, to switch to cable broadband. I pay $55 a month for cable broadband and we have a network of 3 computers (1 MAC, 2 PC's). All you have to do is go to Circuit City (or buy online) and purchase a broadband router (varies in price from $50-up). Once you have the router, you simply hook-up all your home or office computers to the router. The cable company provides the modem with installation. The router hooks-up to the modem, and Wella! This is a cost-effective way to avoid expensive dial- up service if you have more than 1 computer in your work area with online access expenses (Dial-up service costing about $21/month for each online computer, not to mention the cost of extra phone lines!). Besides, by disconnecting your phone line, you will save even more money by no longer paying for all the extra taxes and fees now assessed by telephone companies (Telephone companies in the United States are really tax-collecting agencies for government). Don't get fooled, get cable! citlalin xochime http://nahuatl.info > On 7 Feb 2003, at 22:44, zorrah at att.net wrote: > > Read NAHUATL Grammar Online, free!!! > > Read Thelma D. Sullivan's "Compendium of Nahuatl Grammar" online > > from the University of Utah e-library connection to the net-library! > > http://www.netlibrary.com/index.asp ... > > P.S. e-library check-out was for 2-1/2 hours when I checked-out the Sullivan > > book.... > > That sounds too expensive in phone bill for people with dialup lines. > Many people would prefer to download the whole lot, or buy it on a > CD-ROM, and then study it at leisure. > > Citlalyani. > From campbel at indiana.edu Mon Feb 10 04:26:32 2003 From: campbel at indiana.edu (r. joe campbell) Date: Sun, 9 Feb 2003 23:26:32 -0500 Subject: copichoa, panoltequi, ordinal sequences of textual space In-Reply-To: Message-ID: Marque, ...comments below... On Fri, 7 Feb 2003, Mark David Morris wrote: > > Pleased to see a renewed interest in Nahuatl studies via this list, ditto!! On the problem of "copichoa" -- the 'hollowing out' and 'rolling up' seem semantically cohesive to me. If you roll up a manta, you end up with a hollow space. The semantic distance between that 16th century meaning and the 21st century meaning that Luis Reyes Garcia supplies seems possible, especially when you think of the "spooning" and gathering function of a rolled up tortilla. > 1) Speaking of some beams that the writer has asked be carried to a > friend's outbuildings (mohxacaltzin), the writer further requests, "mah > ompa mosecpichocan." I tentatively identify the verb in question as > "copichoa." Luis Reyes Garcia tells me that this verb means "to store, to > keep (guardar)" and cites orphans or something strewn on the floor as > things apt to "copichoa." Drawing from Molina, Remi Simeon defines > "copichoa" as to roll something up such as a reed mat or a suit. Finally, > Joe Campbell glosses "copichoa (niccopichoa)" as to "hollow out," Your "panoltequi" looks like something that is hard to fit with "classical" Nahuatl (e.g., nitequipanoa), where the noun "tequitl" is embedded in a verb. And when they needed a verb out of "tequitl", it took a suffix "-ti": "nitequiti" -- I have work. It shouldn't be distressing that there is a mismatch between dialects separated that much in time -- I'm surprised by the amount of conservatism that we see in comparing modern dialects to the older stages of the language. > > 2) In speaking of those same beams, the writer uses the verb "panoa." > More specifically, he writes either "panolhuia," as Luis Reyes tells me I > should read it, or writes, "panoltequi," as my eyes want to tell me. > "Panoltequi" is a not too uncommon expression in Tlaxcala to say that one > is passing time working, e.g. "nipanoltequi," (I am passing it working). > I have never seen this verb as a transitive verb, however, as my > paleography in this case would suggest. Is there anyone familiar with > Puebla-Tlaxcala Nahuatl who has any ideas about "panoltequi"? > > Uh... chapter 11 of which book? > > > P.S. The baptism ceremony is in chapter 11 of the Florentine Codice. > > Best regards (and felicidades), Joe From mdmorris at indiana.edu Mon Feb 10 23:45:33 2003 From: mdmorris at indiana.edu (Mark David Morris) Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2003 18:45:33 -0500 Subject: copichoa, panoltequi, ordinal sequences of textual space In-Reply-To: Message-ID: Joe, Thanks for your assistance to these questions. As usual, you've pointed out a slip in my analysis; however, I can also confirm a standard deviation in this 18th-century Tlaxcala Nahuatl from the Classicial model. First, tequipanoa is the customary way of saying, "passing it working." I was just being goofy, dyslexic or maybe dysgoofic to think otherwise. Its most common instance in 18th-century Tlaxcala is "motequipanolcatzin" your servant. However, these 18th-century Tlaxcalteca don't say tequiti, they say tequi, in all cases. I take this as a logical extension of the notion, that Luis Reyes also pointed out to me, that tequi is the cutting done in agricultural labor and from that has extended to signify work in general. This is not too surprising to find in Tlaxcala given that the region, as a whole, shows many signs of archaic Nahuatl, such as the -tli absolutive ending, e.g. nehuatli. However, there are a lot of things that occur in 18th-century Nahuatl in Tlaxcala that do seem very odd. Since several members of this list have asked about the comparisons between the Classical 16th-century Nahuatl of Texcoco (relatives of the Tlaxcalteca Chichimeca nobility no less) and other dialogues, I include the letter below from my main "informant" to illustrate the variations that can occur in a Nahuatl text. The odd turns and twist of this text also highlight the unenviable challenge those attempting to reconstruct a Nahuatl past from the tangled threads of diverse Mexican native traditions confront in the face of such potential of diversity within one of a hundred native language traditions. best, Mark Morris P.S. Given that this Telnet shell has no copy function, I am sending the text through a different account. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ La muerte tiene permiso a todo MDM, PhD Candidate Dept. of History, Indiana Univ. From schwallr at mrs.umn.edu Tue Feb 11 16:14:46 2003 From: schwallr at mrs.umn.edu (John F. Schwaller) Date: Tue, 11 Feb 2003 10:14:46 -0600 Subject: Noconpaletzin 1753 Message-ID: APST 1753 Exp. Ficha 177* Two Sr Rexor pasado Dn Miguel Aparisio Onic Seli In moamatzin huel onipac unon ic mat mitzmo chicahualia In tto Ds y nahuactinco Soapili yhua Inamopil huantzitzin Yhua mochtin In aquique tic In motlasotilia ynehuatl nicmo masehuia YnichiCaualitzin yn tto Ds tlatoCapili oniquitac Yn moamatzin ytech cacopa Ytlen tinech hual molhui lia yCa yn tocniuhhuan Yca ynmo amauh oniquintitlanili Caxyoquil cauque axcan Umotech monequi y--- yn Quinalquix tiquihue In ni mahu yotzin ypampa ynilhuitl Umopa cho quiuh yhu Ynquiahuitl ypan pa ynon allochuetl tlenqui chi que Yca ynon axcan mahual huihui cazan yhuan manech na tisque que y?esqui tonali tequi hue llenican onicnahnahuati yn xinotzin maquinalquixtican Yn no amauh oniquintitlanili xiquinmo? quistili Ynin moamuah Yhuan 1v. maticmo tlahtlauhtilis Ynidechotzin de la Cruz yhuan nisihuahtzin tinech onmahuitz sotis yCa yntlahtla uhtil niquita nechon tlcamati y aso quimania quipias tlen nech tla tlauhtis Sano yoqui nicchihuas yCa yni tlaxolo pichihualis Y Jps Leonaxdo yCa yni namic oquiteco cocapolo yni si (tachado) huauh achtopa oquimalas huelitlistli yhua sate pania quiteco coca polohua yhua yCa ynin quipia neltilistli ynL Dn nisidro yhuan yni namic au yn notlahtlautil macamo pano ca yxpan Justica ma onpaqui lle c tlali Yn tequi pichqui Yhuan y tla Camo manech nahuatican Y hua Yn tlacamo nehuatl onpa nias yhuan Sano yoqui Yn chep?mat?cholo maquitemo ynitatzin yCa mo llec tlaisque ypanpa amo mopohpolo timisque Yca tomi n quenami nimotlasotla sano Yu qui nicnequi motlasotlasque (tachado, check original) yhuan In tequipichqui maquipiacanoque nemi tequipichqui maCamo quixocopehuaCan Ynitlana huatil ytlaCamo qualitl f. 2 quichihuasque manechnahuati li can Ynin notlatlautil nicchihua amo panos tlaixpan yCa tle sa pa nictlasoCamatis ynyaqui mochihuas yhuan Sano lloqui tehuatzin Dn Miguel maticmotlah lis remedio ocse nimitzmolhuililia yCa ynmo amatzin amo oniquip Ca lloti lle huiptla Ypanpa achi- moCoCo alla achcan lleni pactica yca tlen mochi yTlen otinech hual mo yCuilhuili panatil monelto quitis Cuamitz motlasotilia Ynmo ca Cotzin Sn SaCramentado Yhuan nehua nimitzmo tlasotilia ytech y n no Yolo ipanpa ynon onimitz mol huili ihuan sasepa xicmotlaso Ca machiti yhu ypan Ynon xicma sisca machiti huel tetlaso cama ti ynon Yhuan sanolloqui Yn? huatl quipia Ymerino maquimac ynitlahuicac ps (?) amoquehute chilisque Cuentos Yn Merino hua Yn Soapili xicmotlatl? li que Despues nicmatisque ynon San chquich ma Ds mit- chicahuili miec xihuitl mochantzinco panotla Junio de 1753 a mitzmo tlahuilhui 2v. Huilia aquin semicac mitzmo tlasotilia Pasql Antto John F. Schwaller Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs and Dean 315 Behmler Hall University of Minnesota, Morris 600 E 4th Street Morris, MN 56267 320-589-6015 FAX 320-589-6399 schwallr at mrs.umn.edu From RCRAPO at hass.usu.edu Tue Feb 11 20:58:02 2003 From: RCRAPO at hass.usu.edu (Richley Crapo) Date: Tue, 11 Feb 2003 13:58:02 -0700 Subject: Help! Message-ID: I've been trying to puzzle this out for some time now with no success. Can anyone here make sense of it? "cencah i:c o:momotzahuia in i:yo:llo" From mdmorris at indiana.edu Tue Feb 11 16:08:11 2003 From: mdmorris at indiana.edu (Mark David Morris) Date: Tue, 11 Feb 2003 11:08:11 -0500 Subject: copichoa, panoltequi, ordinal sequences of textual space In-Reply-To: Message-ID: Dear List, As I commented earlier, the following text offers a nice example of Tlaxcala's Nahuatl in the 18th-century and its processes of change toward a regional Spanish dialect. AFST 1753 Exp. Ficha 177* Two Sr Rexor pasado Dn Miguel Aparisio Onic Seli In moamatzin huel onipac unon ic mat mitzmo chicahualia In tto Ds y nahuactinco Soapili yhua Inamopil huantzitzin Yhua mochtin In aquique tic on motlasotilia ynehuatl nicmo masehuia YnichiCaualitzin yn tto Ds tlatoCapili oniquitac Yn moamatzin ytech cacopa Ytlen tinech hual molhui lia yCa yn tocniuhhuan Yca ynmo amauh oniquintitlanili Ca xyoquil cauque axcan Umotech monequi y--- yn Quinalquixtiquihue In nimahu yotzin ypampa ynilhuitl Umopa choquiuh yhu Ynquiahuitl ypan pa ynon allochuetl tlenqui chi que Yca ynon axcan mahual huihui cazan yhuan manech na tisque que y-esqui tonali tequi hue llenican onicnahnahuati yn Xinotzin maquinalquixtican Yn no Amauh oniquintitlanili xiquinmo- quistili Ynin moamuah Yhuan 1v. maticmo tlahtlauhtilis Ynidechotzin de la Cruz yhuan nisihuahtzin tinech onmahuitz sotis yCa yntlahtla uhtil niquita nechon tlcamati y aso quimania quipias tlen nech tla tlauhtis Sano yoqui nicchihuas yCa yni tlaxolo pichihualis Y Jps Leonaxdo yCa yni namic oquiteco cocapolo yni si (tachado) huauh achtopa oquimalas huelitlistli yhua sate pania quiteco coca polohua yhua yCa ynin quipia neltilistli ynL Dn nisidro yhuan yni namic au yn notlahtlautil macamo pano ca yxpan Justica ma onpaqui lle c tlali Yn tequi pichqui Yhuan y tla Camo manech nahuatican Y hua Yn tlacamo nehuatl onpa nias yhuan Sano yoqui Yn chep-mat-cholo maquitemo ynitatzin yCa mo llec tlaisque ypanpa amo mopohpolo timisque Yca tomi n quenami nimotlasotla sano Yu qui nicnequi motlasotlasque (tachado) yhuan In tequipichqui maquipiacanoque nemi tequipichqui maCamo quixocopehuaCan Ynitlana huatil ytlaCamo qualitl f. 2 quichihuasque manechnahuati li can Ynin notlatlautil nicchihua amo panos tlaixpan yCa tle sa pa nictlasoCamatis ynyaqui mochihuas yhuan Sano lloqui tehuatzin Dn Miguel maticmotlah lis remedio ocse nimitzmolhuililia yCa ynmo amatzin amo oniquip Ca lloti lle huiptla Ypanpa achi- moCoCo alla achcan lleni pactica yca tlen mochi yTlen otinech hual mo yCuilhuili panatil monelto quitis Cuamitz motlasotilia Ynmo ca Cotzin Sn SaCramentado Yhuan nehua nimitzmo tlasotilia ytech y n no Yolo ipanpa ynon onimitz mol huili ihuan sasepa xicmotlaso Ca machiti yhu ypan Ynon xicma sisca machiti huel tetlaso cama ti ynon Yhuan sanolloqui Yn- huatl quipia Ymerino maquimac ynitlahuicac ps amoquehute chilisque Cuentos Yn Merino hua Yn Soapili xicmotlatl- li que Despues nicmatisque ynon San ichquich ma Ds mit- chicahuili miec xihuitl mochantzinco panotla Junio De 1753 a mitzmo tlahcuilhui 2v. huilia aquin semicac mitzmo tlasotilia Pasql Antto ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ La muerte tiene permiso a todo MDM, PhD Candidate Dept. of History, Indiana Univ. From dgomez at abqpubco.com Thu Feb 13 11:32:17 2003 From: dgomez at abqpubco.com (David Gomez) Date: Thu, 13 Feb 2003 11:32:17 +0000 Subject: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Espa=F1oles?= Mexicanos Message-ID: If I remember correctly, an "Espa?ole Mexicano" was a title given to an Indigenous Mexican (Tlaxcalan, for example) who had acculturated into the Hispanicised society. He could own land, etc. Am I correct in this, or am I thinking of a different title? From zorrah at att.net Sun Feb 23 19:55:32 2003 From: zorrah at att.net (zorrah at att.net) Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2003 19:55:32 +0000 Subject: Any Nahuatl classes in Los Angeles area? Message-ID: Any Nahuatl classes in Los Angeles area? Does anyone know about any Nahuatl classes being taught in the greater Los Angeles area? I thought that I had read about such a class from this list. However, my search for any such class revealed no results. Tlazohkamati, citlalin xochime http://nahuatl.info From idiez at mac.com Mon Feb 24 17:47:04 2003 From: idiez at mac.com (idiez at mac.com) Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2003 11:47:04 -0600 Subject: Nahuatl Summer course in Zacatecas Message-ID: Instituto de Docencia e Investigaci?n Etnol?gica de Zacatecas, A.C. Intensive Course in Classical and Modern Nahuatl. Summer 2003, 5 weeks (June 30 to August 1). I. 20 sessions of classroom study (June 30 to July 25). a). Two hours per day of Modern Huastecan Nahuatl conversation taught by native speakers. b). Two hours per day of work in Classical N?huatl (grammar; transcription and translation of colonial manuscripts) -Beginner level: We will use Molina's dictionary and Lockhart's Nahuatl as written (see below). -Intermediate and advanced level: We will use Molina's dictionary and Carochi's grammar (see below). II. Seven day visit to the Nahua community of Chapulhuacanito, San Luis Potos? where students will live with an indigenous family. We will leave Zacatecas on the evening of Friday, July 25 and arrive in Chapulhuacanito the following morning. We will begin the return trip to Zacatecas on the evening of Friday, August 1, and arrive the following morning. Cost: One thousand five hundred dollars. This includes tuition and all expenses related to the Huasteca trip (round-trip transportation between Zacatecas and the Huasteca, room and board). Not included are course texts (see below), transportation between wherever you are coming from and Zacatecas, and room and board during the four week classroom period. Course materials for Classical Nahuatl: 1. Everyone will need: Molina, Alonso de. Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana. Colecci?n ?Biblioteca Porr?a? 44. M?xico: Porr?a. You can purchase a copy from us for 25 dollars. 2. Beginners will need: Lockhart, James. 2001. Nahuatl as Written. Lessons in Older Writeen Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts. Stanford: Stanford University Press. You will need to purchase this before coming to Zacatecas. 3. Intermediate and advanced students will need: Carochi, S.J., Horacio. 2001. Grammar of the Mexican language with an explanation of its adverbs (1645). Stanford: Stanford University Press. You will need to purchase this before coming to Zacatecas. 4. All students will receive, free of charge, numerous grammar charts as well as photocopies and digitalized photos of the manuscripts we will be translating. Room and board: We have access to a pool of families with experience in housing foreign students. The service includes a room, three meals a day, room cleaning and clean sheets, hot water for bathing, and use of the washing machine and clothesline if you wish. The costs are as follows: - Individual room: US$22 per day per person - Shared room: US$16 per day per person - Child: US$12 per day per person. We can also help you to rent an apartment, house, or space in a hostal. Academic Credit for the course is issued through the Universidad Aut?noma de Zacatecas and the Escuela Normal "Manuel Avila Camacho" of the State of Zacatecas. Feel free to contact us if you have any questions: John Sullivan, Ph.D. Professor Doctorado en Historia Colonial Universidad Aut?noma de Zacatecas Director Instituto de Docencia e Investigaci?n Etnol?gica de Zacatecas, A.C. Francisco Garc?a Salinas 604 Colonia CNOP Zacatecas, Zac. 98053 Tel: +52 (492) 768-6048 idiez at mac.com This course information will be updated on our website in a few days: www.idiez.org.mx Instituto de Docencia e Investigaci?n Etnol?gica de Zacatecas, A.C. Curso intensivo de N?huatl cl?sico y moderno. Verano 2003, 5 semanas (del 30 de junio al primero de agosto). I. 20 sesiones de trabajo en aula (del 30 de junio al 25 de julio).) a). Dos horas diarias de conversaci?n en n?huatl moderno de la Huasteca con maestros nativohablantes. b). Dos horas diarias de trabajo con el N?huatl Cl?sico (gram?tica, paleograf?a y traducci?n de manuscritos coloniales). Nivel principiante: Usaremos el diccionario de Molina y Nahuatl as written de James Lockhart (vea abajo). Nivel intermedio y avanzado: Usaremos el diccionario de Molina y la gram?tica de Carochi (vea abajo). II. Estancia de siete d?as en la comunidad nahua de Chapulhuacanito, San Luis Potos?, donde los estudiantes vivir?n con una familia ind?gena. Saldremos de Zacatecas el viernes, 25 de julio por la tarde para llegar a Chapulhuacanito la ma?ana siguiente. Partiremos de regreso a Zacatecas el viernes, primero de agosto por la tarde para llegar la ma?ana siguiente. Costo: Mil quinientos d?lares. Incluye la colegiatura y todos los gastos relacionados con la estancia en la Huasteca (viaje redondo entre Zacatecas y la Huasteca, hospedaje y alimentaci?n). No incluye los textos (vea abajo), el costo del viaje redondo entre Zacatecas y el lugar de origen del estudiante, ni el hospedaje y la alimentaci?n durante las cuatro semanas en Zacatecas. Materiales para el curso de N?huatl Cl?sico: 1. Todos necesitaremos: Molina, Alonso de. Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana. Colecci?n ?Biblioteca Porr?a? 44. M?xico: Porr?a. Se puede comprar un ejemplar en Zacatecas por 25 d?lares. 2. Los principiantes necesitar?n: Lockhart, James. 2001. Nahuatl as Written. Lessons in Older Writeen Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Habr? que comprar este texto antes de llegar a Zacatecas. 3. Los de nivel intermedio y avanzado necesitar?n: Carochi, S.J., Horacio. 2001. Grammar of the Mexican language with an explanation of its adverbs (1645). Stanford: Stanford University Press. Habr? que comprar este texto antes de llegar a Zacatecas. 4. Todos los estudiantes recibir?n, de manera gratuita, numerosos esquemas gramaticales, as? como fotocopias e im?genes digitalizadas de los manuscritos que vamos a estudiar. Hospedaje y alimentaci?n en Zacatecas: Tenemos acceso a un grupo de familias con experiencia en el hospedaje de estudiantes extranjeros. El servicio incluye una rec?mara, tres comidas al d?a, aseo del cuarto, s?banas limpias, y acceso a la lavadora y al tendedero. Los costos son: - cuarto individual: US$22 por d?a por persona - cuarto compartido: US$16 por d?a por persona - ni?os: US$12 por d?a por persona. Tambi?n podemos facilitar la renta de un departamento, una casa, o un espacio en un hostal. El credito acad?mico del curso se emitir? a trav?s de la Universidad Aut?noma de Zacatecas y la Escuela Normal "Manuel Avila Camacho" del Estado de Zacatecas. Para cualquier pregunta, favor de comunicarse con nosotros: John Sullivan, Ph.D. Profesor Doctorado en Historia Colonial Universidad Aut?noma de Zacatecas Director Instituto de Docencia e Investigaci?n Etnol?gica de Zacatecas, A.C. Francisco Garc?a Salinas 604 Colonia CNOP Zacatecas, Zac. 98053 Tel: +52 (492) 768-6048 idiez at mac.com En unos cuantos d?as, actualizaremos nuestra p?gina web con esta informaci?n. -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: not available Type: text/enriched Size: 7384 bytes Desc: not available URL: From Pscolieri at aol.com Tue Feb 25 01:56:21 2003 From: Pscolieri at aol.com (Pscolieri at aol.com) Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2003 20:56:21 EST Subject: motolinia on baile Message-ID: I was wondering if anyone had any insight into Motolinia's analysis of the Nahua words for dance (macehualiztli and netotiliztli.) He defines them in the following way: En esta lengua de Anavac la danza ? el baile tiene dos nombres: el uno es macevaliztli, y el otro netotiliztli. Este postrero quiere decir propiamente baile de regocijo con que se solazan y toman placer los indios en sus propias fiestas, ans? como los se?ores y principales en sus casas y en sus casimientos, y cuando ans? bailan y danzan dicen netotilo, bailan ? danzan; netotiliztli, baile ? danza. El segundo y principal nombre de la danza se llama macevaliztli, que propiamente queiere decir merecer: tenian este baile por obra meritoria, ans? como decimos merecer uno en las obras de caridad, de penitencia y en las otras virtudes hechas por buen fin. De este verbo macevalo viene su compuesto tlamacevalo, por hacer penitencia ? confesion, y estos bailes m?s solenes eran hechos en la fiesta generales y tambien particulares de sus dioses, y hac?anlas en las plazas. I'm curious to know whether the words themselves have any significance that his definitions fail to account for. Any thoughts would be appreciated. Best, Paul Scolieri From schwallr at mrs.umn.edu Tue Feb 25 22:22:02 2003 From: schwallr at mrs.umn.edu (John F. Schwaller) Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2003 16:22:02 -0600 Subject: Call for help with Nahuat-Pipil project Message-ID: Date: Thu, 20 Feb 2003 08:11:09 -0800 (PST) From: Alan King Subject: Call for help with Nahuat-Pipil project I posted a few months ago, asking for information about the Pipil or Nahuat or Nawat language of El Salvador. Thanks in part to the responses I received, I made a lot of progress and achieved many of my objectives. I am now writing once again to ask for help, but of a somewhat different kind. I will state once again that I am a linguist with many years' experience working mainly with European minority languages, Basque in particular. However, I have now moved to El Salvador and have begun work on the largest native language here, Pipil or Nahuat, which as many of you will know, is very closely related to Nahuatl, of which some consider it to be a dialect. The project I am involved in aims specifically to create a series of children's teaching materials of/in Nahuat. In a more general way, of course, the objective is to contribute significantly to the language's revitalization, which is in imminent danger of extinction as the last fluent speakers pass away. To be able to achieve both of these ends, much work needs to be done (on extremely limited resources!) in a variety of fields, including linguistic research since the language is still imperfectly documented. The project I am involved in is still in the earliest stage but plans are fairly ambitious. We hope to involve a number of people, both native Pipils and other specialists who may be able and willing to contribute some of their time, expertise and work to this worthy cause. The project has institutional support and interest from a variety of quarters, including indigenous, national and international organisations. If anybody reading this message thinks they might be able to help, please drop me a line (probably privately would be best) in either English or Spanish, and I will be glad to discuss further. All kinds of assistance will be useful, but I was thinking in particular of: a) anybody who has actually worked on Pipil/Nahuat; b) possibly Nahuatl specialists who think their linguistic knowledge may be relevant to research on Nahuat; c) anybody with experience in projects of a similar nature concerning other languages who would like to share their wisdom. Many regards, Dr. Alan R. King (Universidad Don Bosco, Soyapango, El Salvador) Alan King