Fwd: [Aztlan] copantl (was suspension bridge)
Campbell, R Joe
campbel at indiana.edu
Sat May 19 22:37:50 UTC 2007
Recently a discussion on the Aztlan list got into variation of
"cuauhpantli", "cuappantli", and even a form "copantli" (referred to
'bogus'). I sent the following message to Aztlan last night, and then
today it occurred to me that the issue is of at least as much interest
to people on the Nahuatl list, so:
Nocnihuan,
A good friend of mine speaks what I used to think was an impossible
Nahuatl dialect... and now I have changed my mind... now I think it's
just an unlikely Nahuatl dialect. It, like a few other modern
varieties of Nahuatl, is not vanilla. It's got a special flavor! (not
that vanilla isn't a flavor)
I still believe that Nahuatl likes penultimate stress and open
syllables and no consonant clusters inside a syllable. But when a good
friend mine from Tlaxcala referred to a piece of cloth as
"tzotzo'mahtl", my ear's jaw dropped. I knew that Nahuatl didn't
"like" consonant clusters within syllables and certainly not in word
final position. In fact, a neighboring dialect to the east, San Miguel
Canoa, has a leftward stress movement in nouns:
(I use ' to indicate stress on the preceding vowel because my
keyboard doesn't know any better.)
tzotzo'mahtli cloth
co'yoctli hole
ma'tlactli ten
and does the same thing on nouns ending in -li, with the accompanying
loss of the final 'i':
ta'mal tamalli
tla'xcal tortilla
In the case of the first group of words (ending in -tli), the fact
that the 'i' is preceded by a consonant cluster impedes the vowel loss
(since the result would be an impossible pattern in Nahuatl: a
consonant cluster in word final position).
However, as I found out, in the dialect of Xaltipan, Tlaxcala, the
vowel loss is more general:
tzotzo'mahtl cloth
co'yoctl hole
ma'tlactl ten
xi'cohtl bumblebee
te'lpochtl youth
a'tlahtl ravine (some other dialects: atlauhtli)
Further, since absolutive suffixes don't always drop off possessed nouns:
ite'mictl his dream
ico'yoctl his hole
I would suggest that it is possible that "copantl" came from a dialect
like this one. On the other hand, I think it more likely that it was
the result of the sort of distortion that results from imperfect
bilingualism -- something like the borrowing of "tomatl" as 'tomate'.
Iztayohmeh,
Joe
p.s.
Examples of the 'uhp' /wp/ variation ('p', 'pp', and 'uhp):
*+wp>p ***
cuapatlani bolar por^arte en vn madero rollizo. 71m1-4
tetepacholli yapalehualiztli. cardenal, se¤al de golpe. 71m2-6
yapaltia
*+wp>pp ***
acuappanahuaztli. puente de maderos; puente de madera. 55m-16
cecuappitzahui cecuappitzoa. . b.11 f.11
cencuappantli. . b.2 f.3
chichiconanappa. cada nueue vezes. 71m2-4
chichiconanappa chiconappa. nueue vezes. 71m2-4
chiconappa chiconappa chiconahui. nueue vezes nueue. 71m2-4
chiconappoalli. ciento y ochenta. 71m2-4
chiquippantlacatl. man who displays wares on a large basket. b.10 f.4
chiucnappoaltique. . b.12 f.5
ciappoa , mo-. she feels anguish. b.2 f.9
ciappoa , namech-. I encourage you [pl.]. b.6 f.6
ciappoaz , timo-. you will be fatigued. b.4 f.7
ciappohuaz , quin-. he will console them. b.6 f.2
cuacuappachoa , mo-. wooden splints are pressed on. b.10 f.9
cuacuappitzahui cuacuappixqui. boyerizo; o vaquero; ganadero; o pastor; guardador de
ganado mayor. 55m-2
cuacuappoliuhqui. animal mocho sin cuernos. 71m2-14
cuappa , to-. our hip. b.10 f.7
cuappachcentlaolli. mayz leonado; maiz leonado. 55m-13
cuappachcintli. ; tawny colored ear of maize; tawny dried ear of
maize. b.2 f.2
cuappachhuitzilin. cinnamomeous hummingbird. b.11 f.3
cuappachihui. it becomes tawny. b.11 f.3
cuappachihuiz. it will fill up with trees. b.6 f.1
cuappachiuccic. tawny colored. b.11 f.27
cuappachiuhqui. choked with trees. b.11 f.25
cuappachiuhticac. something which is choked with trees. b.11 f.26
cuappachiuhtoc. it lies choked with trees. b.11 f.26
cuappachixcoliuhqui. . b.8 f.2
cuappachmaxtlatl. tawny colored breechclout; tawny-colored
breechclout. b.8 f.2
cuappachnezqui. tawny in appearance. b.11 f.27
cuappachoa , mo-. splints are pressed; splints are pressed on. b.10 f.9
cuappachoa , qui-. he presses wooden slats on it; they fasten it
firmly; they fasten it tightly. b.11 f.15
cuappachpaloni , tla-. medium for dyeing something tawny. b.11 f.11
cuappachpapalotl. . b.11 f.10
cuappachpipilcac. . b.2 f.5
cuappachquiza. ; it shows tawny. b.11 f.4
cuappachtentlayahualo. . b.8 f.2
cuappachti. it is tawny. b.11 f.3
cuappachtia cuappachtia quappachtia: 71m1]. hazerse pardo. 71m1-13
cuappachtia. it becomes tawny. b.11 f.27
cuappachtic. tawny. b.11 f.6
cuappachtica. . b.11 f.22
cuappachticatontli. small and tawny. b.11 f.10
cuappachtilmatli. tawny cape. b.2 f.10
cuappachtlalpilli. . b.8 f.2
cuappachtli. . b.10 f.4
cuappachtli. color leonado, o medio morado. 71m2-14
cuappachtli. cuahuitl-pachtli; tawny. b.2 f.2
cuappachtototl. squirrel cuckoo. b.11 f.3
cuappachyo. . b.8 f.3
cuappachyotia , mo-. it forms a tree of spanish moss. b.11 f.11
cuappalan. rotten wood. b.11 f.2
cuappalcintli. tan dried ear of maize. b.11 f.27
cuappallan. rotten wood. b.10 f.5
cuappaltia color. 71m2-14
cuappan cuappanahuaztli. puente de madera. 71m2-14
cuappanahuaztontli. puente peque¤a desta manera; puente peque¤a assi.55m-16
cuappanahuazyo. . b.11 f.25
cuappantli. cadera o quadril; puente de maderos; puente de madera; o
quadril. 55m-2
cuappantli. hip. b.10 f.7
cuappantli. puente de maderos. 71m1-18
cuappantontli. puente peque¤a desta manera; puente peque¤a assi. o
quadril peque¤o. 55m-16
cuappapaloyo. . b.8 f.2
cuappatlachtli. . b.10 f.4
cuappatlacyo. having a design of flattened heads. b.8 f.2
cuappatlani cuappatoa cuappatoani. jugador de axedrez. 71m2-14
cuappatoliztli. el acto de jugar al axedrez. 71m2-14
cuappatolli. axedrez; juego de axedrez. 55m-1
cuappayac , to-. end of our hip bone. b.10 f.7
cuappayacatl. end of the hip bone. b.10 f.7
cuappayo. . b.11 f.25
cuappazoltic. like matted trees. b.11 f.11
cuappetlacalli. arca; arca o caxa de madera. 55m-1
cuappinoli [scribal error: printing error: quappinoli for
quappinolli: 71m1]. asserraduras de madera. 71m1-3
cuappitzactli. palo delgado. 71m2-14
cuappitzahui. empedernecerse o pararse duro el pan o cosa assi;
endurecerse el pan. 55m-7
cuappitzahui , ni-. I become numb. b.11 f.25
cuappitzahui cuappitzahui cuappitzahuiliztli. aspereza assi; enuaramiento; enuaramiento assi. 55m-1
cuappitzauhqui. enertado assi; enuarado; persona enuarada o yerta;
cosa aspera; crudia; o acucharrada; assi como tortillas secas. &c. o
persona cence¤a y enxuta. 71m1-10
cuappitzauhqui. harsh. b.10 f.6
cuappitzoa cuappitzoa cuappitzolo , ne-. . b.11 f.11
cuappitzpil. . b.11 f.11
cuappitztic. aspera cosa como vestidura; aspera cosa crudia como
cuero o tortillas secas; aspera cosa; aspera yerudia cosa; assi como
cuero; tortillas secas; &c. 55m-1
cuappitztic [scribal error: no period after quappitztic: 55m].
empedernido assi. 55m-7
cuappitztic. empedernido desta manera; enertado assi; lo mesmo es que
quappitzauhqui. 71m1-9
cuappitztic. harsh; lean. b.10 f.6
cuappitztiliztli. aspereza assi; aspereza tal. 71m1-3
huappalotl. . b.11 f.10
huappapalotl. . b.11 f.10
icippa. ma¤ana del dia. 55m-13
ixcuappachtic. tawny on the surface; tawny. b.11 f.17
ixquich Ìonappa. nueue tanto. 71m2-4
iyappalli. . b.11 f.24
iyappalnenequi , m[o]-. . b.11 f.3
iyappaltic. ; dark green. b.11 f.3
iyappaltica. . b.11 f.24
nanappa. cada quatro vezes. 71m2-11
nanappoalpa. acada ochenta vezes, o cada ochenta vezes. 71m2-11
nappa nappa. four times. b.2 f.3
nappoaltique. . b.12 f.5
tecuappantli. puente de arco. 55m-16
teppachihui teppacholiztli henchir alguna cosa de poluo. 55m-7
teteppachoani 71m2-23
teteppacholiztica teteppacholiztli 71m1-20
teteppacholli teteppachoqui teteppoalli. sacrificial paper. b.2 f.9
yappalchihua , ni-. I make a dark green color. b.11 f.24
yappallalia , ni-. I make a dark green color. b.11 f.24
yappalli. color negro; negra cosa; prieto {printing error in 1880:
pietro for prieto}. 71m2-6
yiappalaquia , nitla-. I color something dark green. b.11 f.24
yiappalhuia , nitla-. I make something dark green, I apply dark green
to something. b.11 f.24
yiappalpoyahua , nitla-. I blend something with dark green color.
b.11 f.24
*+wp>wp ***
acuauhpanahuaztli. ponton puente de madera; ponton o puente de
madera. 55m-16
chalchiuhpetlacalco. in a stone stone coffer. b.2 f.14
chiconauhpantli. nueue rengleras o hileras. 71m2-4
chiquiuhpepelli. . b.10 f.5
ciauhpoa , mo-. he feels weak. b.12 f.1
ciauhpoa , namech-. I encourage you [pl.]. b.6 f.6
ciauhpohuilia , tiquinmo-. you show respect for them. b.6 f.15
ciauhpouhtihui , mo-. they go exhausted. b.1 f.2
ciauhpouhtinemi , mo-. they go about exhausted. b.1 f.2
ciauhpouhtoc , mo-. . b.6 f.1
cuacuauhpixqui. vaquero. 55m-19
cuacuauhpoliuhqui. animal mocho, sin cuernos; mocha cosa sin cuernos.
71m2-14
cuauhpa , to-. our hip. b.10 f.7
cuauhpachiuhqui. pasted with eagle feathers. b.2 f.9
cuauhpachtia cuauhpachtli. leonado color. 55m-12
cuauhpalanitech. . b.11 f.9
cuauhpanahuaztli. ponton puente de madera; ponton o puente de madera;
puente de maderos; puente de madera. 55m-16
cuauhpantli. ponton puente de madera; ponton o puente de madera;
puente de maderos. 55m-16
cuauhpapazolli. fibrous wood; matted trees. b.11 f.11
cuauhpatlani cuauhpatolli. iuego de axedrez. 55m-11
cuauhpazoltic. like a matted tree .ahd. b.11 f.12
cuauhpepechtli. door sill. b.11 f.12
cuauhpetlacalli. arca; caxa. 71m1-2
cuauhpetlapan. eagle warrior reed mat; on an eagle mat; on the eagle
mat. b.6 f.14
cuauhpetlatl. eagle mat. b.6 f.17
cuauhpiaztli. ; eagle tube. b.6 f.16
cuauhpilli. sapling; young tree. b.11 f.11
cuauhpinolli. asserraduras de madera. 55m-1
cuauhpipilti. warrior noblemen. b.9 f.1
cuauhpitzahui cuauhpitzahuiliztli. aspereza tal. 71m1-3
cuauhpixollo. covered with wood. b.11 f.26
cuauhpotzalli. bre¤a o maleza de monte; maleza o bre¤a. 71m2-15
cuauhxiuhpazolli. ramal o ramon. 55m-17
elchiquipetlahua desta manera. 71m2-5
elchiquiuhpan , t[o]-. in our chest; to our chest. b.11 f.17
elchiquiuhpetlahua despechugarse. 55m-5
elchiquiuhpetlahua elchiquiuhpetlahua elchiquiuhpetlahua elchiquiuhpetlahua 71m1-8
elchiquiuhpetlahua elchiquiuhpetlahua descubriendo los pechos. 71m2-5
elchiquiuhpetlahualiztli elchiquiuhpetlahuani 71m1-8
elchiquiuhpetlauhqui elchiquiuhpetlauhtli huauhpalaxtli. spoiled amaranth seed. b.10 f.4
huauhpixoa , ni-. I sow amaranth. b.11 f.27
huauhpixoloz. amaranth seed will be cast. b.7 f.2
huauhpozteco huauhpoztecqui. cogedor desta manera. 71m1-5
huauhpoztequi , ni-. I thresh amaranth. b.11 f.27
huauhpoztequi huauhpoztequi for uauhpuztequi nauhpuztequi: 71m1]. coger bledos granados. 71m1-5
huauhpoztequi cenizos ya granados. 71m2-26
huauhpoztequini. cogedor desta manera. 71m1-5
itlacauhpilo , o-. she conceived, she became pregnant. b.6 f.11
ixayauhpachihuiliztli. opacity of the eyes. b.1 f.2
ixayauhpachihuiztli. . b.10 f.8
ixteuhpachihui poluo. 71m2-8
ixtlalteuhpipixcauhtiaz , t-. . b.4 f.7
iyauhpohui. . b.11 f.17
iyauhpohuiz. . b.11 f.17
matlacuauhpitzahuac. long thin pole. b.2 f.1
nenepilcuauhpachoa teoxiuhpopoca. . b.11 f.22
teteuhpachoa teteuhpachoa 71m2-18
teteuhpoalli. sacrificial paper. b.2 f.9
tetzauhpilla. . b.2 f.14
teuhpachihui teuhpachihui teuhpachoa teuhpachoa teuhpacholli tlanauhpactihui. . b.4 f.11
tlauhpoyahuac. ; dark red. b.2 f.2
tlaxiuhpopouhqui xiuhpachiuhtoc. it lies choked with weeds. b.11 f.26
xiuhpetlahualoni. turquoise-burnisher. b.9 f.6
xiuhpiltontli. . b.2 f.13
xiuhpopoa , nic-. I weed it. b.11 f.26
xiuhpopoa xiuhpopoa xiuhpopoaliztli escardar algo. 71m1-7
xiuhpopoaloni xiuhpopoani xiuhpopohualiztli xiuhpopohualoni sachuelo o escardillo. 55m-8
xiuhpopouhqui deseruador. 55m-8
xiuhpopouhtli 71m2-25
xiuhpopoxoa xiuhpopoxoa xiuhpopoxoani desierua algo. 55m-8
xiuhpopoxoliztli 55m-8
xiuhpopoxolli 71m2-25
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