<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT SIZE=2>kohler's work, although highly accurate and commendable for its time, is
<BR>decades out of date. Bernarda Reza Ramirez could use a more modern study.
<BR>
<BR>certainly, the rules and penalties reported are representative of what is
<BR>found in the sources describing fifteenth and sixteen century central mexico.
<BR> application of the rules is more difficult to ascertain in the various
<BR>"Aztec" (and other central Mexican) groups, particularly with respect to
<BR>prosecutorial zeal or disinterest, strict or lax application of rules to
<BR>cases and general custom and practice in the societal groups in question.
<BR>all these help to expand and modify the meaning of "rules." it is quite
<BR>possible that these rules were absent in some locales and mere guidelines and
<BR>advisories in other locales, although it is known that Texcocan jurisprudence
<BR>(which is the origin of several of these rules) emphasized strict
<BR>application of rules to cases. this was in response to a perceived need to
<BR>control ethnically diverse groups living in close proximity in times of
<BR>considerable social change. unfortunately most of the evidence of this
<BR>diversity is irretrievably lost. (the term "aztec" captures about as much of
<BR>the diversity that there was in Central Mexico as does the term "Chinese" for
<BR>the many groups in "China").
<BR>
<BR>the "aztecs' of tenochtitlan were only a small part of the story in central
<BR>mexico. with the apparent decline of the single party state in mexico, we may
<BR>see more scholarship devoted to the distribution of power over time among the
<BR>various groups of pre-hispanic central mexico rather than to studies
<BR>stressing centralization under the "aztecs" of tenochtitlan--who had come
<BR>over time to be the de facto icon of the one party system.
<BR>
<BR>i would have hoped by now that scholarship would have advanced beyond this
<BR>old routine--using rules and penalties out of context to create the familiar
<BR>"Aztec Crime and Punishment Side (i.e. Freak) Show" and causing unnecessary
<BR>concern instead of studying their interesting jurisprudential system in as
<BR>full a cultural and historical context as we are fortunate enough to have.
<BR>
<BR>jerry offner
<BR>
<BR></FONT></HTML>