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<div>All:<br>

<br>

Somewhere during my <span class="correction" id="">graduate days I saw a catalogue of the "horrors" (and they certainly were, even by the standards of the time) of the actions of <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">encomenderos toward their <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">indigenous subjects uncovered by "<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">vicitas" (<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">sp?) or investigative accountings undertaken by the Spanish government.  Called "<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">Emperramiento" where a man would be tied to a framework and torn apart by large <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">viscous dogs was common enough that the government banned the activity <span class="correction" id=""><span cla!

 ss="correction" id="">altogether</span></span>.  There was a general historical treatment of this and other aspects of Colonial Spanish Rule in the early period that detailed this and other atrocities, but I don't remember the author or the title.<br>

<br>

Cheers,<br>

</div>

<div> </div>

<div style="clear: both;">Hugh G. "Sam" Ball<br>

<br>

And remember:<br>

<br>

"This too Shall Pass!</div>

<div> </div>

 <br>

-----Original Message-----<br>

From: L.Diel@tcu.edu<br>

To: gilchrist.susan@gmail.com; nahuatl@lists.famsi.org<br>

Sent: Sat, 28 Oct 2006 8:19 AM<br>

Subject: RE: [<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">Nahuat-l</span></span>] <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">chichimeca</span></span><br>

<br>

<div id="AOLMsgPart_0_ecfd78ed-4cfa-46d8-aefe-fb6e801c456b" class="AOLPlainTextBody">

<pre><tt>I have been researching the painting to which you refer.  I believe you are 

providing a metaphoric interpretation, but a more straightforward reading of the 

imagery is called for.  The painting references a historic event in which an 

indigenous man was ordered to be attacked by the dog (controlled by the 

Spaniard) presumably for refusing to accept Christianity (notice the rosary 

Marina holds and the sword held by one of the indigenous men).  The dots at the 

bottom do reference years (a total of 41) but these are meant to be counted from 

<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">Cortes</span></span>'s arrival, as is stated in an associated alphabetic gloss in Nahuatl.  My 

reading of this gloss follows, but if any of the Nahuatl specialists out there 

have an alternative translation, I welcome hearing it.  My reading of "<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">ynauh</span></span> 

<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">xiuyoc</span></span>..." as "4 years later..." makes sense historically, but I'm not sure if 

it works linguistically.

<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">Ynacico</span></span> <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">marques</span></span> <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">ya</span></span> <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">onpoualxiuitl</span></span> once  <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">axcan</span></span> <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">ynauh</span></span> <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">xiuyoc</span></span> <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">yn</span></span> <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">ya</span></span> <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">miq</span></span> <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">tlatoque</span></span>

The <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">Marques [<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">Cortes] came 41 years ago, 4 years later the <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">tlatoque died.

This translation suggests the annotation was added in 1560, and the events 

depicted happened in 1523.

Best,

<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">Lori</span></span> B. Diel

---

<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">Lori <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">Boornazian Diel, Ph.D.

Assistant Professor of Art History

Dept. of Art and Art History

Texas Christian University

-----Original Message-----

From: <a href="mailto:nahuatl-bounces%40lists.famsi.org">nahuatl-bounces@lists.famsi.org</a> on behalf of Susan Gilchrist

Sent: Sat 10/28/2006 2:41 AM

To: <a href="mailto:nahuatl%40lists.famsi.org">nahuatl@lists.famsi.org</a>

Subject: [<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">Nahuat-l</span></span>] <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">chichimeca</span></span>

Thinking about it a different way, I wonder if the

<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">Coyoacan</span></span> picture<<a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger2/4912/3197/1600/b73-1599-trial-Cholula-1519.0.jpg%3Erelates" target="_blank">http://<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">photos1</span></span>.<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">blogger</span></span>.com/<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">blogger2</span></span>/4912/3197/1600/<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">b73-1599-trial-Cholula-1519</span></span>.0.<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">jpg</span></span>>relates</a>

to the wolf

of <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">Gubbio</span></span> <<a href="http://www.assisiweb.com/foto/Pienza_SF_PB200102b.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">assisiweb</span></span>.com/<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">foto</span></span>/Pienza_SF_<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">PB200102b</span></span>.<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">jpg</span></span></a>>

and the story of the

wolf<<a href="http://www.wtu.edu/franciscan/pages/intro/gubbio.html%3Ein" target="_blank">http://www.<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">wtu</span></span>.edu/<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">franciscan</span></span>/pages/intro/<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">gubbio</span></span>.<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">html</span></span>>in</a> the

Little

Flowers of

St. Francis <<a href="http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/flowers1.htm" target="_blank">http://www.<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">ewtn.com/library/<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">MARY/<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">flowers1.<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">htm</a>>.

In other words the horrible dogs the soldiers

brought with them must have made it hard for

Dominicans to explain the word play in "<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">domini</span></span>

canes" and even worse for Franciscans to tell the

story of how St. Francis was able to persuade a

wolf to be nice to people. Plus as the person on

the Dominican <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">website</span></span> explained, dogs can

stand for priests in general.

So maybe the rope that's attached to the dog in

the picture (or possible to the person the dog is

attacking?) hasn't got anything to do with

"<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">chichi</span></span>-mecatl" and instead is there to make it

clear that the situation is under the control of the

soldier. It's worse than a wild animal, represented

by the well-behaved coyote in the place sign (or

the dog glyph for one person's name).

That would make sense in European terms where

it would be commonplace to say men were capable

of worse behavior than animals. The idea of a

picture that's recognizable is something that I think

is also a European element (as in <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">Pliny's</span></span> biography

of <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">Apelles</span></span>), since the dog is drawn in a European

way.

I was thinking about the <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">Coyoacan</span></span> picture in terms

of the good dog-bad dog opposition in <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">Murner's</span></span>

<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">Logica <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">Memorativa<<a href="http://webdoc.gwdg.de/edoc/ia/eese/artic20/hoeltgen/fig11.html" target="_blank">http://<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">webdoc.<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">gwdg.de/<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">edoc/<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">ia/<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">eese/<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">artic20/<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">hoeltgen/<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">fig11.<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id=""!

 >html</span></span></a>>,

which might be something that

actually was brought to Mexico fairly early.

I'm still puzzled by the word <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">chichi</span></span>, even as a loan

word from another language. Were there just wolves,

coyotes, and the dogs we call <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">chihuahuas</span></span>? Did people

call European dogs <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">perros?

Thank you to John Sullivan for the reference to the

gourd tree in the <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">Historia</span></span> Tolteca-<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">Chichimeca</span></span> and to

Pablo Garc<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">ia</span></span> for the reference to the <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">Gran</span></span>

<span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">Chichimeca <span class="correction" id=""><span class="correction" id="">Xolotl.

Susan Gilchrist

<a href="http://elboscoblog.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">http://elboscoblog.blogspot.com/</a>

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</tt></pre>

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