<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 12 (filtered medium)">
<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Wingdings;
panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
span.EstiloCorreo17
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;}
@page Section1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
{mso-list-id:188837349;
mso-list-template-ids:2093271496;}
@list l0:level1
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
mso-level-text:\F0B7;
mso-level-tab-stop:36.0pt;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;
mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Symbol;}
ol
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
ul
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
-->
</style>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body bgcolor=white lang=ES-MX link=blue vlink=purple>
<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Susana:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>As</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> far</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> as I can see, in early
colonial central Mexican Nahuatl -tloc, -na:huac, -tech (preceded by the
ligature -ti- when the noun it follows ends in a consonant), and -tlan (preceded
by the ligature -ti- in place names) are postpositions; -tla:n (never with
-ti-) is a locative suffix. Postpositions are like English prepositions in that
they express relations (spatial, temporal, and other sorts), and have been
labeled as such because of their similar function, and the fact that they are
added to the end of nouns. Postpositions can also be added to possessive
prefixes; the existence of examples where the latter happens is what
distinguishes postpositions from locative or other sorts of suffixes. This is
why -tla:n is usually labeled as a locative suffix: it’s not found stuck
to a possessive prefix. To label a morpheme a “locative suffix” is
a risky proposition, since if an example can be provided of it being attached
to a possessive prefix, then we would be forced to move it to the category of
postpositions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Colonial grammarians (Andrés de Olmos, Alonso Molina, Horacio Carochi,
and others) called postpositions “preposiciones” in spite of their
place and the end of words. The earliest use of the term “postposition”
(or its cognates in French or Spanish) that I’ve seen is in the
grammatical sketch by Siméon, published in 1885. Others have followed this
practice, including Ángel María Garibay, Thelma Sullivan, Joe Campbell, and Frances
Karttunen. Richard Andrews preferred to call them “relational suffixes”
in 1975 and now prefers the phrase “relational NNC” (NNC = “nominal
nuclear clause”). Lockhart calls them “relational words.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>The classic example of postpositions behaving like nouns is the
name of the Nahua deity Tloqueh Na:huaqueh, “owner of that which is together,
owner of that which is near”, a ubiquitous, invisible being. Here the “postpositions”,
exceptionally, come first, adding the singular possessive suffix -eh. The final
c in both cases becomes qu because of a Spanish spelling convention, both being
/k/.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Alonso Molina’s Arte de la lengua mexicana y castellana
(1571), chapter 6 (folios 74r-80v), has a good treatment of postpositions
combined with possessive prefixes. An example is notlan (the first person
singular possessive prefix no- plus the postposition -tlan). Rather than “my
with” (which of course doesn’t make sense in English), notlan means
“with me”.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>As for possible translations, I’ve compiled a list for
each postposition (or in the case of -tla:n, locative suffix), putting together
all of the possibilities I’ve found in a variety of colonial and modern
sources. Since most of these are in Spanish, I’ll leave them in this
language, to avoid the double distortion we would have if I were to translate
them into English.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Postpositions:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>-tloc<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>al lado de/cerca de/con/junto a<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>-na:huac (na:hua + (co - o))<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>al lado de/cerca de/con/en compañía de/en la vecindad de/junto a<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>-tech<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>a/adherido a/con/de/en/en contacto con/entre/incorporado a/junto
a/sobre<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>-tlan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>al lado de/cerca de/con/debajo de/en/en compañía de/en el
interior de/entre/junto a<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Locative suffix:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>-tla:n<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>con/en/entre/junto a/lugar de<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>As you mentioned, there’s a lot of semantic overlap. I
guess the next step would be to observe their use in early colonial texts to
get a better grasp of how they were used.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>I hope this helps clear things up.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>David<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=ES style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>De:</span></b><span
lang=ES style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
nahuatl-bounces@lists.famsi.org [mailto:nahuatl-bounces@lists.famsi.org] <b>En
nombre de </b>Susana Moraleda<br>
<b>Enviado el:</b> martes, 10 de noviembre de 2009 01:50 p.m.<br>
<b>Para:</b> nahuatl@lists.famsi.org<br>
<b>Asunto:</b> [Nahuat-l] Tloc, nahuac, tech, tlan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=IT style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>I'm a
bit confused on the uses of TLOC, NAHUAC, TECH and TLAN since they all have
similar meanings. I've consulted Garibay, Sullivan and Horcasitas, but
the differences are not clear.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=IT style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>TLOC
and NAHUAC are synonyms and mean "junto a", "cerca de".</span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=IT style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>TECH
means "en", "pegado o adherente a", "referente
a".</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=IT style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=IT style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>(TI)TLAN means
"en", "entre", "con", "junto a",
"cerca de". And besides, Garibay says "sobre", while
Sullivan says "debajo"!!!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=IT style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Are
there any rules saying when to use which?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal> <span lang=IT style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=IT style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Thanks
for any thoughts.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal> <span lang=IT style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=IT style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Susana<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>