<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small">Oh, please don't apologise - this is most interesting. Thank you! I'm afraid it's very late here, so I'll be brief. I'm cc:ing Ger and Michael as well.</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small">Indeed, I think you are right. Just for full information, these are the languages with a clear "yes" on F116:</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default"><p style="font-size:12px;margin:0px;font-family:'Lucida Grande'">Arammba [stk] </p>Anindilyakwa [aoi]<p style="font-size:12px;margin:0px;font-family:'Lucida Grande'">
Gunwinggu [gup]</p><p style="font-size:12px;margin:0px;font-family:'Lucida Grande'">Imonda [imn]</p><p style="font-size:12px;margin:0px;font-family:'Lucida Grande'">Kilivila [kij] </p><p style="font-size:12px;margin:0px;font-family:'Lucida Grande'">
Manam [mva]</p><p style="font-size:12px;margin:0px;font-family:'Lucida Grande'">Mian [mpt]</p><p style="font-size:12px;margin:0px;font-family:'Lucida Grande'">Sudest [tgo]</p><p style="margin:0px"><font face="Lucida Grande"><span style="font-size:12px">Te</span></font>lefol [tlf] <br>
Tiwi [tiw] <br>Xaracuu [ane]<br></p><p style="margin:0px"><br></p><p style="margin:0px">I'll see if I can help you with Chichewa and the algonquian languages, I think I know some good people. </p></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small">
<br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small">/Hedvig</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><br><div class="gmail_quote">2014-07-15 0:39 GMT+02:00 Ruth Singer <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:ruth.singer@gmail.com" target="_blank">ruth.singer@gmail.com</a>></span>:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Hi Hedvig,<div><br></div><div>Here is the list (now 14 languages). The survey was aimed at investigating <span>lexicalised</span> <span>argreement</span> - the <span>lexicalisation</span> of verbal gender agreement. I added the column on noun-incorporation just because it seems to be related to the development of <span>lexicalised</span> agreement in some language groups. But I was surprised how strong the correlation was between having a strongly semantically-based gender system and having noun-incorporation.</div>
<div><br><div><br></div><div>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="97%" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none">
<tbody><tr>
<td width="34%" valign="top" style="width:34.12%;border:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><b><span lang="EN-US">Language</span></b></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:solid solid solid none;border-top-color:windowtext;border-right-color:windowtext;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-top-width:1pt;border-right-width:1pt;border-bottom-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span>Lexicalised</span> agreement</span></b></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.68%;border-style:solid solid solid none;border-top-color:windowtext;border-right-color:windowtext;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-top-width:1pt;border-right-width:1pt;border-bottom-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><b><span lang="EN-US">Arguments <span>lexicalised</span></span></b></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:solid solid solid none;border-top-color:windowtext;border-right-color:windowtext;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-top-width:1pt;border-right-width:1pt;border-bottom-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><b><span lang="EN-US">Percentage of verbs involved</span></b></p>
</td>
<td width="18%" valign="top" style="width:18.8%;border-style:solid solid solid none;border-top-color:windowtext;border-right-color:windowtext;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-top-width:1pt;border-right-width:1pt;border-bottom-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><b><span lang="EN-US">Noun-incorporation</span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="34%" valign="top" style="width:34.12%;border-style:none solid solid;border-right-color:windowtext;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-left-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-left-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times"><span>Alamblak</span>
(<span>PNG</span>, <span>Sepik</span>)</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">N</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.68%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">-</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">-</span></p>
</td>
<td width="18%" valign="top" style="width:18.8%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">Y</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="34%" valign="top" style="width:34.12%;border-style:none solid solid;border-right-color:windowtext;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-left-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-left-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times"><span>Barasano</span>
(Colombia, <span>Tucanoan</span>)</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">N</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.68%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">-</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">-</span></p>
</td>
<td width="18%" valign="top" style="width:18.8%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">Y</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="34%" valign="top" style="width:34.12%;border-style:none solid solid;border-right-color:windowtext;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-left-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-left-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times"><span>Burushaski</span>
(Pakistan, isolate)</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">N</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.68%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">-</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">-</span></p>
</td>
<td width="18%" valign="top" style="width:18.8%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">N</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="34%" valign="top" style="width:34.12%;border-style:none solid solid;border-right-color:windowtext;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-left-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-left-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times"><span>Chinantec</span>
languages (Mexico, <span>Oto</span>-<span>Manguean</span>)</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">Y</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.68%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">S, O</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">-</span></p>
</td>
<td width="18%" valign="top" style="width:18.8%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">Y</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="34%" valign="top" style="width:34.12%;border-style:none solid solid;border-right-color:windowtext;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-left-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-left-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times"><span>Ket</span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">(Russia,
<span>Yenseian</span>)</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">Y</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.68%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">A, S, O</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">-</span></p>
</td>
<td width="18%" valign="top" style="width:18.8%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">Y</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="34%" valign="top" style="width:34.12%;border-style:none solid solid;border-right-color:windowtext;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-left-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-left-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times"><span>Manambu</span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">(<span>PNG</span>,
<span>Sepik</span>)</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">N</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.68%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">-</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">-</span></p>
</td>
<td width="18%" valign="top" style="width:18.8%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">N</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="34%" valign="top" style="width:34.12%;border-style:none solid solid;border-right-color:windowtext;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-left-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-left-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times"><span>Mawng</span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">(Australia,
<span>Iwaidjan</span>)</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">Y</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.68%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">A, S, O</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">20%</span></p>
</td>
<td width="18%" valign="top" style="width:18.8%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">N</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="34%" valign="top" style="width:34.12%;border-style:none solid solid;border-right-color:windowtext;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-left-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-left-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">Ngan’gityemerri</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">(Australia,
Southern <span>Daly</span>)</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">Y</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.68%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">A</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">small</span></p>
</td>
<td width="18%" valign="top" style="width:18.8%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">Y (body parts only)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="34%" valign="top" style="width:34.12%;border-style:none solid solid;border-right-color:windowtext;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-left-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-left-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times"><span>Ngarinyin</span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">(Australia,
<span>Wororan</span>)</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">N</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.68%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">-</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">-</span></p>
</td>
<td width="18%" valign="top" style="width:18.8%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">N</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="34%" valign="top" style="width:34.12%;border-style:none solid solid;border-right-color:windowtext;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-left-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-left-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times"><span>Passamaquoddy</span>-<span>Maliseet</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">(Canada, Algonquian)</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">Y</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.68%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">O, ?A, ?S</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">3%</span></p>
</td>
<td width="18%" valign="top" style="width:18.8%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">Y(not syntactic)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="34%" valign="top" style="width:34.12%;border-style:none solid solid;border-right-color:windowtext;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-left-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-left-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">Seneca</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">(United
States, Iroquoian)</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">N</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.68%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">-</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">-</span></p>
</td>
<td width="18%" valign="top" style="width:18.8%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">Y</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="34%" valign="top" style="width:34.12%;border-style:none solid solid;border-right-color:windowtext;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-left-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-left-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">Swahili (East
Africa, Bantu)</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">N</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.68%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">-</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">-</span></p>
</td>
<td width="18%" valign="top" style="width:18.8%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">N</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="34%" valign="top" style="width:34.12%;border-style:none solid solid;border-right-color:windowtext;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-left-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-left-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times"><span>Tiwi</span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">(Australia,
isolate)</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">Y</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.68%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">O</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">small</span></p>
</td>
<td width="18%" valign="top" style="width:18.8%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">Y</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="34%" valign="top" style="width:34.12%;border-style:none solid solid;border-right-color:windowtext;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-left-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-left-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times"><span>Tunica</span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">(United
States, isolate)</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">Y </span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.68%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">A, S?, O?</span></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="width:15.7%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">-</span></p>
</td>
<td width="18%" valign="top" style="width:18.8%;border-style:none solid solid none;border-bottom-color:windowtext;border-bottom-width:1pt;border-right-color:windowtext;border-right-width:1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p style="text-indent:0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Times">Y</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br>The way I came up with this sample is as follows:</div><div class="gmail_extra">I started with the 53 languages that Corbett (2008) lists as having semantically-based gender assignment in <span>WALS</span>. </div>
<div class="gmail_extra">I identified that 28 of these 53 languages had gender agreement in the verb through: published grammatical descriptions, Surrey morphology group databases available online and the Person Agreement Database available through the Typological Database System.</div>
<div class="gmail_extra">I excluded languages whose gender systems have a strict semantic systems or only a weak semantic basis - i.e. if female and male humans were the main semantically-based distinction. This excluded most 2-gender systems.</div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br></div><div class="gmail_extra">I wanted to find out about <span>lexicalised</span> agreement, which is rarely mentioned in grammatical descriptions so most of my information comes from responses to an email I sent to linguists who are experts in a particular language. So I ended up with information for 14 of the 28 <span>langauges</span>. No doubt this is biased in favour of a positive response - i.e. linguists were more likely to respond to my email if the description of <span>lexicalised</span> agreement that I gave in the email sounded like something that they were familiar with from the language they work on.</div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br></div><div class="gmail_extra">I have listed below the 14 languages I did not get a response for - if anybody knows a helpful expert in one of the missing languages please let me know. There are just 3 questions in the survey so it should only take 5 minutes. For a number of these languages I did get supportive emails in response - i.e. the linguists were keen to help but they didn't get around to responding to the survey for one reason or another.</div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br></div><div class="gmail_extra">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Archi</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Campa</span> (<span>Axininca</span>)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Chicheŵa</span> (Niger-Congo)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Cree (Plains)<br></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Diola</span>-<span>Fogny</span> Atlantic,
Niger-Congo. Spoken in Senegal and Gambia
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Hunzib</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Marind</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Maybrat</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Ojibwa (Eastern)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Oneida</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Paumarí</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Taiap</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Tidore</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Wari'</p>
</div><div class="gmail_extra"> </div><div class="gmail_extra">I have data for a number of other Australian languages but since these were not in Corbett's original 53 language sample I have excluded them, to try and make it a less biased sample, although of course it is rather opportunistic.</div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br></div><div class="gmail_extra">Hedvig, I think what I am investigating is sort of orthogonal to your questionnaire question:</div><div class=""><div class="gmail_extra"><span style="font-family:arial,sans-serif">F116 Do verbs classify the shape, size, consistency or position of <span>absolutive</span> arguments by means of incorporated nouns, verbal affixes or <span>suppletive</span> verb stems?</span><br>
</div><div class="gmail_extra"><span style="font-family:arial,sans-serif"><br></span></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><font face="arial, sans-serif">The languages with noun-incorporation that I am more familiar with - Australian languages - mostly would code 'no' to this question. They incorporate generic nouns which are not the kind of classifiers mentioned in the question. <span>Anindilyakwa</span> is an exception but the other Australian languages I am familiar with incorporate generic nouns with meanings such as 'tree', 'vegetable food' etc. A question which was added when we coded the Australian data for the <span>Sahul</span> work is:</font></div>
<div class="gmail_extra">
<p>Is plant status a relevant category in the noun class/gender system?</p><p>This would probably pick out many Australian language nominal classification systems but wouldn't include the noun-incorporation classifiers. In any case, the categories each Australian language uses are not completely commensurable.</p>
<p>Apologies for the long email!</p><span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><p>Ruth</p></font></span></div><div><div class="h5"><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 2:14 AM, Hedvig <span>Skirgård</span> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:hedvig.skirgard@gmail.com" target="_blank"><span>hedvig</span>.<span>skirgard</span>@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div style="font-size:small">Hi Ruth and everyone,<br>
<br></div><div style="font-size:small">I just had a quick question, which are these 13 languages? <br><br>In the questionnaire we are using in the Nijmegen Typological Survey there is a question that was also applied in the Sahul and Melansia-sample in publications by Michael Dunn, Ger Reesink, yourself et al. <br>
</div><div style="font-size:small"><br>F116 Do verbs classify the shape, size, consistency or position of absolutive arguments by means of incorporated nouns, verbal affixes or suppletive verb stems?<br>
<br>Out of the 176 languages that were answered for that questions 165 are coded as "no", 18 as "?" and 11 as "yes". The questions is not limited to the more specific questions of yours, but I was just curious about the specific languages.<br>
<br></div><div style="font-size:small">I'm not that surprised by what you describe, but perhaps I would be if I had more experience. Isn't it expected from what we know of grammaticalization paths of systems of nominal classification? Again, please excuse my ignorance concerning the specifics of noun incorporation in Australian languages.<br>
</div><div style="font-size:small"><br></div><div style="font-size:small">/Hedvig<br></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><br><div class="gmail_quote">2014-07-14 1:47 GMT+02:00 Ruth Singer <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:ruth.singer@gmail.com" target="_blank">ruth.singer@gmail.com</a>></span>:<div>
<div><br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Hi everyone,<div><br></div><div>I am a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Melbourne (Australia). I have been interested in nominal classification since I began my PhD in 2002. That was a description of a few topics in the Mawng language, a non-Pama Nyungan language spoken in northern Australia. Mawng which has what is morphologically a straightforward semantically-based five gender system but the uses of the system is more similar to those described for nominal classifiers in other Australian languages - both those in NP classifier constructions and those that are analysed as incorporated nouns in verbs. In my PhD I looked at how verbal gender agreement is involved in the negotiation of meaning in discourse - how it interacts with the meanings of verbs and the discourse context. And also how gender agreement in verbs becomes lexicalised and what this says about its more productive functions.</div>
<div><br></div><div>Officially I am working on projects that look at sociolinguistics and multilingualism at present but also intonation. But I have been revising a book manuscript that develops some of the ideas in my PhD called <font face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:18px">The dynamics of nominal classification: </span><span style="font-size:13px;line-height:18px">productive and lexicalised uses of gender agreement in Mawng</span></font><span style="font-size:13px"><font face="arial, sans-serif">.</font> It includes a rather small typological survey which surprisingly suggests that there is a correlation between a language having verbal gender agreement for 3 or more strongly </span><span style="font-size:13px">semantically-based</span><span style="font-size:13px"> </span><span style="font-size:13px">genders and having noun-incorporation into verbs. In other words, if a language has one form of nominal classification it is more likely to also have another form. Does this surprise the rest of you? Maybe I am just hung up on old-fashioned typological ideas of complementarity - i.e. if a language has feature X it has no need of feature Y. The survey only included 13 languages, because it was actually designed to look at another feature, and I since I did it by contactinglinguists I didn't know by email I didn't get a lot of responses.</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size:13px"><br></span></div><div><span style="font-size:13px">Look forward to many interesting discussions!</span></div><div><span style="font-size:13px"><br></span></div><div>Cheers,</div><div><br>
</div><div>Ruth</div></div><span><font color="#888888">
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