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<p>L'UMR 7023 a le plaisir de vous convier, dans le cadre des séances de <br>
son séminaire,<br>
<br>
le lundi 2 avril 2007<br>
10h00-12h00, Université Paris VIII, 2, rue de la liberté, 93200 Saint-<br>
Denis (métro Saint-Denis Université, ligne 13), bâtiment D, salle D <br>
143,<br>
<br>
à une conférence de Nerea Madariaga (University of the Basque Country)<br>
<br>
intitulée<br>
<br>
"New case relations in Old Russian: syntactic change in grammar case"<br>
<br>
Résumé :<br>
In this talk, I will analyse the rise and spreading of new case <br>
marking relations in several Old Russian constructions. These processes <br>
started with an initial stage of morphological-<wbr>stylistic innovation, <br>
and then underwent reanalysis, giving rise to new structures, which <br>
eventually replaced the old ones.<br>
First, I will briefly introduce the theoretical framework used for the <br>
analysis. Diachronic change is analysed from a generative perspective, <br>
present in most works of the DI(achronic) G(enerative) S(yntax) <br>
scholars. Supporting many of the DIGS works, I will show that the <br>
‘difficulties’ in language processing during acquisition can be <br>
diachronically eliminated from a language or adapted to it [4, 5, 6]. <br>
The adaptation process involves either syntactic or semantic change of <br>
the problematic structures. This work concentrates on syntactic <br>
adaptive changes, though sometimes semantic change is collateral to the <br>
syntactic processes studied.<br>
Then, I will analyse an still on-going process of change related to <br>
the psych-verbs "bojat’sja" ‘to be afraid’ and "slushat'sja" 'to obey’, <br>
namely, change of case encoding of their objects in colloquial Present-<br>
day Russian. These objects have stopped showing up in genitive case and <br>
started valuing structural accusative case:<br>
(1) a. Ja nichego ne bojus’.<br>
INOM nothingGN not fear<br>
‘I am not afraid of anything.’ <br>
<br>
b. On ne boitsja zhenu.<br>
heNOM not fear wifeAC<br>
‘He is not afraid of his wife.’<br>
<br>
This change is similar to earlier changes that affected the group of <br>
verbs of ‘taking care’ in Russian around the 17th century [3]:<br>
(2) a. Pache zhe bljudi sloves jego. (Anthology of 1076, 15)<br>
moreover part. guard wordsGN his<br>
‘And over all, observe his words.’<br>
(Life of the Archpriest Avvakum, 246)<br>
<br>
b. Chistotoju devstvo sobljula. <br>
with-cleanliness virginity AC looked-after<br>
‘She took care of her virginity by remaining chaste.’<br>
<br>
Finally, I will review the changes that have taken place in the <br>
Russian system of non-verbal predication, namely, the triggering and <br>
spreading of the Slavic instrumental predicative case. The old pattern <br>
of predicate case marking is known as ‘second case encoding’, because <br>
the non-verbal predicate shows up in the same case as its antecedent in <br>
the sentence (3a). After the 12th century, instrumental encoding arose <br>
and spread in some Russian predicates [3] (3b). The crucial <br>
distribution of case encoding will be claimed to be morphological, as <br>
is usual in non-verbal predicates [1, 2].<br>
(3) a. Be Kain ratai, a Avel pastux. (Laurentian Chronicle, 29b)<br>
was Cain NOM farmer NOM and Abel NOM shepherd NOM<br>
‘Cain was a farmer and Abel, a shepherd.’<br>
<br>
b. Volodimeru zhe velikim muzhem stvori togo i otca ego. (Laurentian <br>
Chr., 43)<br>
Vladimir part.[great man]INST.SG made this AC and fatherAC his <br>
‘Vladimir turned him and his father into important men.’<br>
<br>
The structures that underwent instrumental case encoding will be <br>
confronted with certain environments, which preserved the old case <br>
marking system in Present-day Russian, for example, the ones in (4):<br>
<br>
(4) a. Li byla kitajanka / ??* kitajankoj.<br>
Li NOM was Chinese NOM / ?? INST <br>
<br>
b. Voda techet xolodnaja / *xolodnoj.<br>
water NOM pours IMPF cold NOM / *INST<br>
‘Water is flowing cold.’<br>
<br>
References:<br>
[1] Bailyn, J. F. 2001 ‘The Syntax of Slavic Predicate case’, in A. <br>
Strigin et al. (eds.) ZAS Occassional Papers in Linguistics 22, Berlin, <br>
1-26.<br>
[2] Baker, M. 2003 Lexical categories. Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives. <br>
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.<br>
[3] Borkovskij, V. I. 1978 Istoricheskaja grammatika russkogo jazyka: <br>
sintaksis - prostoe predlozhenie, Nauka, Moskva.<br>
[4] Lightfoot, D. 1999 The Development of Language: Acquisition, <br>
change and evolution, Blackwell.<br>
[5] Lightfoot, D. 2002 ‘Introduction’ to D. Lightfoot (ed.) Syntactic <br>
effects on morphological change, Oxford Un. Press: 1-19.<br>
[6] Pintzuk, Susan, George Tsoulas and Anthony Warner 2000 ‘Syntactic <br>
change: theory and method’ Diachronic Syntax: models and Mechanisms, <br>
Oxford Un. Press.<br>
<br>
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<br>
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</p>
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