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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;" align="center"><br>
<big><big><big><big><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="PT"></span></b></big></big></big></big></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;" align="center"><big><big><big><big><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="PT">
Journée d'étude<br>
du programme Pidgins et Créoles en contact<o></o></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="PT"> <br>
(Fédération Typologie et Universaux Linguistiques)<br>
</span></big></big></big></big></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;" align="center"><big><big><big><big><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="PT">Jeudi
12 juin 2014</span></b><br>
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="PT"><o></o></span>
</big></big></big></big></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><big><big><big><big><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="PT">9h30
accueil (Isabelle Léglise, Bettina Migge, Nicolas Quint)<o></o></span></big></big></big></big></p>
<big><big><big><big> </big></big></big></big>
<p class="MsoNormal"><big><big><big><big><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="PT">10h00<span> </span>Robert Borges
(Radboud University, Pays-Bas) : </span><i><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;" lang="PT">Kumanti in contact: creation of a ritual
vernacular</span></i><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-US"><o></o></span></b></big></big></big></big></p>
<big><big><big><big> </big></big></big></big>
<p class="MsoNormal"><big><big><big><big><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="PT">12h00
déjeuner
sur place<o></o></span></big></big></big></big></p>
<big><big><big><big> </big></big></big></big>
<div style="border-bottom:solid
windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm;"><big><big><big><big>
</big></big></big></big>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="padding:0cm;"><big><big><big><big><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="PT">14h00
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-GB">Dominika
Swolkien (Universidade do Mindelo, Cap Vert) : <i>Cape Verdean
Creole of São Vicente:<span>
</span>Diverse linguistic past and present<o></o></i></span></big></big></big></big></p>
<big><big><big><big> </big></big></big></big>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="padding:0cm;"><big><big><big><big><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-GB"><o> </o></span></big></big></big></big></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="padding:0cm;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Campus CNRS
Paris-Villejuif, Salle 511, Bâtiment D. Se munir d'une pièce
d'identité </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><font face="Times New
Roman">pour obtenir un badge d'accès à l'entrée. A</font>ccès :
</span><span lang="PT"><a href="http://celia.cnrs.fr/Fr/Plan.htm"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="FR">http://celia.cnrs.fr/Fr/Plan.htm</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><o></o></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="padding:0cm;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><o> </o></span></p>
</div>
<p class="FreeFormA" style="text-align:center;" align="center"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><o> </o></span></b></p>
<p class="FreeFormA" style="text-align:center;" align="center"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-US">Kumanti
in contact: creation of a ritual vernacular</span></b><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-US"><o></o></span></b></p>
<p class="FreeFormA" style="text-align:center;" align="center"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-US">Robert
Borges<o></o></span></p>
<p class="FreeFormA" style="text-align:center;" align="center"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-US">Radboud
University<o></o></span></p>
<p class="FreeFormA"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-US"><o> </o></span></p>
<p class="FreeFormA" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-US">The African roots of creole languages and cultures
in Caribbean societies have intrigued scholars since the late
19th century. Both linguists and anthropologists have reported
numerous West African retentions among descendants of enslaved
Africans. In the case of Suriname, prevalence of African
retentions is presumed to be particularly high among the Maroons
in the rural interior in contrast to the coastal Creole
population. Maroon cultures, in general, are viewed as having
the highest prevalence of African retentions and in some cases
are believed to be preserved 17th C West African culture systems
(Herskovits & Herskovits 1934; Kahn 1939). Religious systems
and accompanying ritual languages are often cited as evidence
for this idea. Devonish (2005) even claims that Kromanti, a
ritual language of Jamaican maroons, “is an Akan language”.
Konadu (2010) asserts similar claims about Akan (linguistic and
cultural) retentions elsewhere in the Caribbean and Americas –
including Suriname. An opposing view is found in the work of
anthropologists (Price 2001, van Velzen and van Wetering 2004),
who argue that the Maroons have undergone numerous cultural and
political innovations despite their (relative) isolation in the
forests of Suriname and French Guiana.<o></o></span></p>
<p class="FreeFormA" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-US"><span> </span>This
work
focuses on a ritual language of the Ndyuka – Kumantitongo.
Ritual languages are not used for everyday communication,
rather, in particular religious/ ritual– contexts and are, in
principle, secret. In addition to the works mentioned above,
pop-culture tends to maintain the idea that ritual languages are
West African varieties (where Kumanti ≈ Akan), and some Ndyuka
consultants insist that they could communicate with (presumably
Akan-speaking) Ghanians in Kumanti. Data collected in 2010 and
2011 shows that Kumanti is not Akan (or Gbe for that matter) in
structure. Rather, it appears to be structurally parallel to the
ordinary spoken Anglo creole of the Ndyuka, albeit with a highly
mixed lexicon. After providing some general background on the
Ndyuka and Kumanti, I will show on the basis of phonological,
syntactic, pragmatic and semantic grounds, that the view Kumanti
is an African retention is not tenable; it is at least as
dynamic and innovative as the everyday creole – if not more so.
I will then attempt to outline the linguistic and socio-cultural
processes that enabled the intertwining that gave rise to the
Kumanti language. <o></o></span></p>
<p class="FreeFormA"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-US"><o> </o></span></p>
<br>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;" align="center"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-GB">Cape Verdean
Creole of São Vicente:<span> </span>Diverse
linguistic
past and present<o></o></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-GB"><br>
Dominika Swolkien<b><o></o></b></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-GB"><br>
Universidade do Mindelo, Cape Verde<o></o></span> </p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-GB"><o> </o></span></p>
<p class="DSSBodyText"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-GB"><span> </span>Over the last
fifteen years Cape Verdean Creole (CVC) has received a
considerable attention within the area of creolistics and the
number of fine-grained descriptions and analysis on CVC has been
growing steadily (cf. Alexandre 2009, Baptista 2002 and 2010,
Lang2009 and 2013,<span> </span>Pratas
2004 and 2007, Quint 2000 and 2008). Indeed, one of the most
challenging difficulties in investigating CVC lies in the fact
that due to several socio-historic factors the language shows
significant geographical and social variation. To date, the
overwhelming majority of the contemporary publications have
focused on the Sotavento varieties of CVC (i.e. Maio, Santiago,
Fogo and Brava), particularly that of Santiago, while the
Barlavento dialects (São Vicente, Santo Antão, São Nicolau, Sal,
Boavista) have remained largely undocumented and unknown
[despite some exceptions such as Cardoso 1989 (São Nicolau),
Pereira (2000) and Swolkien 2013 (São Vicente)].<span> </span><o></o></span></p>
<p class="DSSBodyText"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;letter-spacing:
0pt;" lang="EN-GB"><span> </span>This
presentation focuses on the Barlavento variety of CVC spoken on
the island of São Vicente (CVSV) and its goal </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-GB">is twofold. </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;letter-spacing:0pt;" lang="EN-GB">Firstly, the
sociohistorical scenario of the genesis of CVSV in the 1790’s
and its later 19<sup>th</sup> and 20<sup>th</sup> century
development are briefly discussed in order to explore how the
history of settlement involving diverse Creole and European
populations, the continuing social and linguistic interaction
between urban and rural Creole varieties and the contact with
the lexifier in a diglossic context have affected the current
phonological and morpho-syntactic make-up of the São Vicente
variety. <o></o></span></p>
<p class="DSSBodyText"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-GB"><span> </span>Secondly,
based on an extensive corpus collected during field work
(2003-2006) and participant observation (2006-present) and amply
illustrated with examples, the main features of CVSV phonology
and morpho-syntax are presented with a particular focus on
variation within CVSV and the challenges it raises for its
description. <o></o></span></p>
<p class="DSSBodyText"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-GB"><span> </span>The data
presented suggest that the contemporary structure of CVSV is a
result of several processes:<o></o></span></p>
<p class="DSSBodyText"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-GB">the profound
language-contact induced partial-restructuring (Holm 2004) of
the Sotavento grammar during the early formation of CVSV, the
incorporation of features derived from other Barlavento
varieties, especially that of Santo Antão due to dialect mixing,
whereas some characteristics are indicative of a more recent
movement towards the lexifier that has been traditionally
labelled as decreolization (DeCamp 1971, Bickerton 1981).
Finally, this paper underlines the importance of examining
synchronic data in the light of social and historical factors <o></o></span></p>
<p class="DSSBodyText"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-GB">(Mufwene<span> </span>2000, Chaudenson 2003,
Faraclas et al. 2007, Siegel 2008) in order to understand
complex language contact situations. <o></o></span></p>
<p class="DSSReference"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;" lang="EN-GB"><o> </o></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;" lang="EN-GB"><o></o></span></p>
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