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Dear Dorothea,<br>
<br>
I find the directional systems in Australian languages very
interesting. I'm a linguist and I collaborate in a radio program in
Catalonia's national radio where I talk about linguistics and
sometimes I explain this kind of things to the audience. I have your
summary, but where can I read and learn more about these directional
systems? <br>
<br>
Best,<br>
David Valls<br>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">El 15/3/2016 a les 17:54, Dorothea
Hoffmann ha escrit:<br>
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Dear all,
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">I’ve had great responses from many of you regarding
my inquiry about directional systems in Australian languages and
was able to considerably expand my list of languages and
references. Thank you very much everyone who got in touch with
me!</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">I attach a summary of the current state of the
research with tables indicating what absolute frames languages
employ and a detailed list of references. </div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Here is a short summary: </div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">
<ul class="MailOutline">
<li class="">the list includes a total of 48 languages: 27
Pama-Nyungan and 21 non-Pama-Nyungan</li>
<li class="">21 languages have a <b class=""><i class="">sun/compass-based
system</i></b>: 16 are Pama-Nyungan (e.g. Kayardild and
Wik Mugkan) and 5 are non-Pama-Nyungan, e.g. Warrwa and
Iwaidja</li>
<li class="">5 have a <i class=""><b class="">r</b></i><b
class=""><i class="">iver-drainage-based system</i></b>:
all of these are non-Pama-Nyungan and include, e.g.
Jaminjung and Wagiman</li>
<li class="">12 have a <b class=""><i class="">river-drainage-
and sun/compass-based system</i></b>: five are
Pama-Nyungan (e.g. Yir Yoront and Gurindji), six are
non-Pama-Nyungan (e.g. Gooniyandi and Dalabon) and one are
certain varieties of Kriol </li>
<li class="">nine have <b class=""><i class="">wind-based
systems</i></b>: five are Pama-Nyungan (e.g. Djinang and
Lardil) and four are non-Pama-Nyungan (e.g. Matngele and
Iwaidja)</li>
<li class="">three languages have an <b class=""><i class="">ocean-based
system</i></b> (all in addition to wind-based systems):
Pama-Nyungan Kala Lagaw Ya , and non-Pama-Nyungan Maung and
Iwaidja </li>
<li class="">Bardi has a <b class=""><i class="">tide-based
system</i></b> which changes every six hours in addition
to a compass/sun-based system</li>
<li class="">and only Murrinhpatha appears to have <b class=""><i
class="">no absolute system</i></b></li>
</ul>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
</div>
<div class="">Please feel free to comment and add to the list and
references!</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">All the best,</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Dorothea</div>
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<div class="">Dorothea Hoffmann</div>
<div class="">Website: <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://dorotheahoffmannblog.wordpress.com"
class=""><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://dorotheahoffmannblog.wordpress.com">http://dorotheahoffmannblog.wordpress.com</a></a></div>
<div class="">Blog: <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><a
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<div class="">Email: <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:hoffmann.dorothea@gmail.com" class=""><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:hoffmann.dorothea@gmail.com">hoffmann.dorothea@gmail.com</a></a></div>
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<div class="">On Mar 3, 2016, at 4:08 PM, Dorothea Hoffmann
<<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:hoffmann.dorothea@gmail.com" class="">hoffmann.dorothea@gmail.com</a>>
wrote:</div>
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charset=utf-8" class="">
<div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space;
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">***
apologies for cross-posting****</div>
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<div class="">Dear all
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
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</div>
<div class="">I am currently working on a spatial Frames
of Reference paper on Australian languages and was
wondering if some of you might be able to help me with a
few questions about the use of compass- and/or
landmark-based directionals in Australian languages. </div>
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</div>
<div class="">This is the (very general) information I
have:</div>
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</div>
<div class="">The majority of Australian languages seem to
have a <b class="">compass-based system</b> (usually a
2 or 4-way grid (of east-west-north-south)):</div>
<div class="">
<ul class="MailOutline">
<li class="">Guugu Yimithirr (Havilland 1993, Levinson
2003)</li>
<li class="">Warlpiri (Laughren 1978)</li>
<li class="">Kayardild (Evans 1995)</li>
<li class="">Bardi (Bowern 2012)</li>
<li class="">Arrerrnte (Wilkins, 2006)</li>
<li class="">Garrwa (Mushin 2013)</li>
<li class="">Warrwa (McGregor 2006) </li>
<li class="">Djarru/Jaru (Tsunoda 1995)</li>
</ul>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
</div>
<div class="">Only a few seem to solely rely on a r<b
class="">iver-based (drainage) system</b> (upstream/upriver/downstream/downriver):</div>
<div class="">
<ul class="MailOutline">
<li class="">Jaminjung/Ngaliwurru (Schultze-Berndt
2006)</li>
<li class="">Ngan’gityemerri (Reid 2011)</li>
</ul>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
</div>
<div class="">Again, quite a number of languages employ a <b
class="">combination of a compass- and river-based
system</b>:</div>
<div class="">
<ul class="MailOutline">
<li class="">Gooniyandi (McGregor 1990)</li>
<li class="">Bunuba (Ramsey 2000)</li>
<li class="">Ngandi (Heath 1978)</li>
<li class="">Pilbara languages (including
Martuthunira, Panyjima, Yindjibarndi) (Densch 1995)</li>
<li class="">Yir Yoront (Alpher 1991)</li>
<li class="">Ngarinyman(Jones 1994)</li>
<li class="">Gurindji (Meakins 2011)</li>
<li class="">Bilinarra (Meakins and Nordlinger 2014)</li>
<li class="">Wardaman (Merlan 1994)</li>
</ul>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
</div>
<div class="">Only few have a <b class="">wind-based
system</b>:</div>
<div class="">
<ul class="MailOutline">
<li class="">MalakMalak (Hoffmann)</li>
<li class="">Matngele? (Hoffmann)</li>
<li class="">Kala Lagaw Ya (Stirling 2011)</li>
</ul>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
</div>
<div class="">And some do <b class="">not</b> employ any
absolute terms:</div>
<div class="">
<ul class="MailOutline">
<li class="">Murrinh-Paths (Gaby and Singer 2014)</li>
</ul>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
</div>
<div class="">Do you know what systems other Australian
languages are employ and do you have any references for
those? Do you know of any cross-linguistics (including a
world-wide sample of languages) overviews of absolute
systems across languages? I have only been able to find
Brown, Cecil (1983) “Where do Cardinal Direction Terms
come from?” <i class="">Anthropological Linguistics</i>,
25(2), 121-161</div>
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</div>
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</div>
Thank you so much in advance for your help!
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Best regards, </div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Dorothea<br class="">
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<br class="">
<br class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">Dorothea Hoffmann</div>
<div class=""><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:hoffmann.dorothea@gmail.com" class="">hoffmann.dorothea@gmail.com</a></div>
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