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<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">Hi</font></span></div>
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman"><br>
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<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 254, 254);"><font face="Times New Roman">Thanks to all who responded to my question about the suburb name
Karama. I have collated some responses.</font></span></div>
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<div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font face="Times New Roman">I put this request to the list because schools that are associated with the Sanderson Alliance in the northern suburbs of Darwin are seeking ways to meaningfully celebrate
linguistic and cultural diversity, especially as part of the 2019 UNESCO Year of Indigenous Languages. Honouring the historic naming of several suburbs after language and tribal groups is one way that schools can connect with Indigenous histories and diasporas
that are part of Darwin’s social fabric. Wulagi Primary has succeeded in forming a sister school relationship with Wurlaki and Djinang people and the school/community network are looking to how to celebrate the other connections indexed by suburb names such
as Malak, Nakara, Moil, Jingili, Anula, Wagiman etc.</font></div>
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<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">I heard from a few people about Karrama being a name for Murrinhpatha
used by neighboring groups both to the south and north (by Jaminjung and Mirriwoong and other groups in VRD and Kununurra, thanks Felicity Meakins and Linda Barwick). </font></span></div>
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<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font face="Times New Roman">Frances Kofod said, </font></div>
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<div class=""><i><font face="Times New Roman">I think this is based on the Miriwoong, Gajirrabeng and possibly Jaminjung name for the Murrinhpatha. Garamang or sometimes Garramawoong. It appeared in some old maps north of the Victoria River. The final -ng or
-woong are added by speakers when using - It is like asking the French “Who lives on the other side of the English Channel?” Les anglais.</font></i></div>
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<div><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal;">John Mansfield mentioned that </span><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><i>the
name "Garama" seems to have had quite some currency among outsiders referring to the Murrinhpatha in the mid-20th century - e.g. it is used by both Capell and Hale in their fieldnotes.</i></span></font></span></div>
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<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Joe Blythe pointed out that Ian Green (2003) </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">demonstrated
Murrinhpatha and Ngan’gi tyemirri are closely related as the two members of the Southern Daly family and that </span><i>Earlier Tryon classified Murrinhpatha and Garama as the two sole members of the Garramic language family, presumably by comparing some wordlists. </i></font></div>
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<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 254, 254);">A couple of others have pointed to further west in WA, such as Piers Kelly who checked Austlang,</span></div>
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A search of Karama brings up a few likely suspects including Kurruma in WA: <a href="https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/w36" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/w36&source=gmail&ust=1542843036392000&usg=AFQjCNHV0r1tiqg--bfhcfLSLqnke2o8fQ" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);">https://collection.<wbr>aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/<wbr>language/w36</a></div>
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and Jadira which is possibly the same language: <a href="https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/w49" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/w49&source=gmail&ust=1542843036392000&usg=AFQjCNELHi_LBWgLjmtUQVnHfyM8k11mBA" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);">https://collection.<wbr>aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/<wbr>language/w49</a></div>
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<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font face="Times New Roman">From David Osgarby,</font></div>
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<div><font face="Times New Roman">Brown (1912, 144) records "Karama" as a western group of the Yindjibarndi people: "The more easterly part of the Injibandi tribe call themselves Kârama or Korama and are so spoken of by the Binigura who adjoin them." Tindale
(1940, 204) later references Brown on this: "Loc.: Valley of Fortescue River east of Millstream. This is also regarded as a westerly (not easterly) subtribe of the Indjibandi."</font></div>
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<font face="Times New Roman">Brown, A. R. 1912. ‘The Distribution of Native Tribes in Part of Western Australia’. <i>Man</i> 12: 143–46. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2788273">https://doi.org/10.2307/2788273</a>.</font>
<div><font face="Times New Roman">Tindale, Norman B. 1940. ‘Results of the Harvard-Adelaide Universities Anthropological Expedition, 1938-1939: Distribution of Australian Aboriginal Tribes: A Field Survey’. <i>Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia</i> 64
(1): 231. <a href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129844#page/235/mode/1up">https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129844#page/235/mode/1up</a>.</font></div>
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<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font face="Times New Roman">So there are two main possibilities. The name Karama was put forward as a Darwin suburb name by Douglas Lockwood, the newspaper man based for decades in Darwin. I think he would have been more likely
to have contributed a group name from closer to Darwin. </font></div>
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<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font face="Times New Roman">John Mansfield asked - Why not Garama/Garrama rather than Karama? </font></div>
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<div><font face="Times New Roman">When you look to other historical naming of place names in the NT that draws from Indigenous languages it is more common that not that names have been anglicised to conform to English spelling norms, and that the original source
is not a scholarly one (such as linguists field notes or published papers). </font><font face="Times New Roman">One classic example of this is Tmaramara Drive which is derived from
<i>apmere mwerre</i> ‘good place’. The artist Rex Battarbee had a gallery in Alice Springs which he called Tmaramara, and the street was named in honour of it.</font></div>
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<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">It is only since dictionaries have been published and more consultative processes been put in place that more standard spellings have been used (eg. Mparntwe Drive, Irlpme Court,
Antulye Court gazetted in 2005, post Alice Springs land claim and put forward by the native title holding group as part of a housing development on their land – these are the names of the 3 descent groups awarded title under this claim). </span></div>
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<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cheers, Margaret</span></div>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Dr Margaret Carew</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Linguist, CALL<br>
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