Women's Wages in Russia c. 1880

Thu Aug 28 20:07:49 UTC 2008

28 August 2008

Dear Ms. Harkness,'

Below are some citations to works which might be useful in finding the information on women's employment/wage statistics in the 1880s-1900 in Russia.

June Farris

I. Pre-1900 citations on women's employment in Russia

1. Pervyi zhenskii kalendar'.  P. N. Ariian, comp.  S.-Peterburg, 1899-1915.

Seventeen volumes published in all.  Each volume contains a section of general information (church calendar, postal, telephone and telegraph information, foreign currency exchange rates, etc.), sections on medical advice (Meditsinskii otdiel), legal aid (Iuridicheskiia sviedieniia), information about museums, libraries and other public offices (Sviedieniia i spravki) and a listing of educational institutions open to women (Zhenskoe obrazovanie).  The final section (Iz proshlago i nastoiashchago) concerns itself with the activities and events of the women's movement in Russia and abroad, providing biographies and necrologies of important figures, a chronology of the year's events and a calendar of important dates.  There is a subsection on female employment statistics (Iz statistiki zhenskago truda) and a chronicle of women's educational events for the year.  Also included is a listing of the many and varied women's political and social societies and circles and brief reports on their activities.  By 1907, the volume had expanded considerably to include such categories as a list of establishments providing lodging and food for women and children (Ubiezhishcha i deshevyia komnaty i obiedy dlia zhenshchin v S.-Peterburgie i Moskvie), as well as a series of essays and reports on important topics ("Zhenshchina i politika,"  "Novye techeniia v zhenskom dvizhenii v Rossii") found in the final section.

2. Daul, A.  Zhenskii trud v primienenie k razlichnym otrasliam promyshlennoi dieiatel'nost. Perevedeno pod redaktsieiu P. N. Tkacheva. S prilozheniem stat'i P. N. Tkacheva "Zhenskii vopros."  Peterburg: Izd. Trubnikovoi i Stasovoi, 1869-  v.1-

Originally written in German (Die Frauen-Arbeit, oder der Kreis ihrer Erwerbsfahigkeit), this book was chosen for translation into Russian because it was thought by Tkachev to be an excellent means of acquainting the reader with the various branches of industry in which women can participate and the role they can have withing the labor force.  Included is a supplementary article by Tkachev entitled "Zhenskii vopros" (pp. III-LXV),  which provides historical and statistical data and some practical measures for equalizing the position of women in the labor force.

3. Davydova, S. A.  Zapiska o zhenskikh rabotakh, v Voronezheskoi i Nizhegorodskoi guberniiakh organizovannykh upolnomochennoi, Vysochaishe utverzhdennago pod predsiedatel'stvom Ego Imperatorskago Vysochestva Nasliednika Tsarevicha Osobago Komiteta, dlia pomoshchi nuzhdaiushchimsia vsliedstvie neurozhaia 1891 goda. 1892-1893 g.  S.-Peterburg: Tip. I. N. Skorokhodova, 1894.  104p.

4. Engel, Barbara Alpern.  Between the Fields and the City: Women, Work, and Family in Russia, 1861-1914.  Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.  254p.

5. Glickman, R. L.  Russian Factory Women: Workplace and Society, 1880-1914.  Berkeley, Univ. California Press, 1984.  325p.

Covering "the formative years of Russian industrial capitalism," an extensive discussion of the feminist movement and its interaction with the socialist movement in pre-revolutionary Russia, examining the working and living conditions of the female worker and the nature of female protest before and after the 1905 revolution.  Bibliography.

6. Gvozdev, S.  Zapiski fabrichnago inspektora: Iz nabliudenii i praktiki v period 1894-1908 gg.  Moskva: Izd. S. Dorovatskago i A. Charuzhnikova, 1911.  263p.

The personal experiences of a factory inspector covering all apsects of the working environment and the problems of workers, male and female, including a chapter on the law regulating the use of minors ("Zakon o rabotie malolietnikh") and women ("Rabota zhenshchin i podrostkov").

7. Ianzhul, I. I.  "Dietskii i zhenskii fabrichnyi trud," in his Ocherki i izsliedovaniia. Sbornik statei po voprosam narodnago khoziaistva, politiki i zakonodatel'stva.  Moskva: Tip. A. I. Mamontova, 1884, v.2, pp. 1-212.

An examination of factory working conditions for women and children, with particular emphasis on the problems of health and hygiene and the need for reform.  Bibliographic notes included.

8. Iktsilbud, A.  Novyi put' k samostoiatel'nomu i dokhodnomu zhenskomu trudu.  S.-Peterburg: Tipo-lit. I. G. Gershuna, 1897.  20p.

9. Karnovich, E. P.  O razvitii zhenskago truda v Peterburgie.  S.-Peterburg: V tip. V. Bezobrazova, 1865.  116p.

10. McDermid, Jane and Anna Hillyar.  Women and Work in Russia 1880-1930: A Study in Continuity Through Change.  London and New York: Longman, 1997.  224p.

11. Obshchestvo rasprostraneniia mezhdu obrazovannymi zhenshchinami prakticheskikh znanii (osnovano 27 marta 1888 g.): otchet za 1893 god (shestoi god).  Moskva: Univ. tip., 1894.  128p. [vocational education for women]

12. Obshchestvo zhenskago truda. Obshchie osnovaniia proekta ustava.  S.l.: V tip. Imp. Akademii nauk, 1863.  11p.

A philanthropic society with the goal of helping women find employment, this pamphlet lists the regulations, obligations, means of financial support, the officers of the society and their duties.

13. Piotrovskaia, P. K.  Tekhnicheskoe zhenskoe obrazovanie. Sovremennyi etiud.  Vil'na: Pechatnia A. G. Syrkina, 1880.  62p.

Beginning with a brief discussion of the woman question from an economic point of view, this work examines the emergence of women into the labor force, particularly focusing on the draft of the statutes of the school for women's technical learning in St. Petersburg (Proekt ustava shkoly zhenskikh tekhnicheskikh znanii v S.-Peterburgie) and the draft of the statutes of the Society for the Dissemination of Women's Technical Learning (Proekt ustava Obshchestva rasprostraneniia zhenskikh tekhnicheskikh znanii).  When using the term "women's technical education," the author is referring to what is now called domestic science or home economics.

14. Shchegolev, V. N.  Zhenshchina-telegrafist v Rossii i za granitseiu.  S.-Peterburg: "Obshchestvennaia pol'za," 1894. 81p.

15. Zolotarev, L. A.  Sem'ia i zhenskii trud.  Moskva: Tipo-lit. I. N. Kushnerev, 1897.  59p.

16. Clark, Rhonda Lebedev. "Zhenshchiny v izdatel'skom dele poreformennoi Rossii." I Voprosy istorii 12 (1997): 177-23.

Abstract: Describes the participation of women in the publishing industry and their conditions of employment in postreform Russia, more particularly from 1865 to 1905. The reform of the censorship laws of 1865 gave the press a greater, though still limited, scope to inform the public and to provide a more lively debate. The number of newspapers and journals increased,  and women joined the industry as both journalists and editors. By 1905 some 180 women worked in publishing. Women worked especially in  the political and literary, childcare, homecare,  and arts fields. The majority of them supported liberal political views. The names and brief career details of leading women in publishing are given.

17. Khmel', E. V. "Rabota zhenshchin-spetsialistov po molochnomu khoziaistvu v krupnykh vladel'cheskikh imeniiakh Tambovskoi gubernii v kontse XIX - nachale XX v." Zhenskaia povsednevnost' v Rossii v XVIII-XX vv. Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii, 25 sentiabria 2003 goda. Edited by P. P. Shcherbinin, et al. Tambov: Tambovskii gos. universitet, 2003: 73-79.

II.      Possible pre-1900 information:

Broido, E. L.  Zhenshchina-rabotnitsa.  Petrograd: Rabochaia biblioteka Organizatsionnago komiteta, 1917.  16p.

An essay analysing the growth of female labor in industry due to the war, the position of women in factories, their salaries, hours, health care and their legal position.  The very poor working conditions and the problem of prostitution are also discussed.  Some statistical data provided.

Edmondson, L. H.  Feminism in Russia, 1900-17.  London: Heinemann Educational Books, Ltd., 1984. 197p.

Based on the author's Ph.D thesis (University of London, 1981), this book has as its focus the development of Russian feminism and its ties to the feminist movement in Europe and the United States.  Tracing the ideological roots of Russian feminism back to the mid-19th century, the author describes in some detail the activities, policies and aspirations of this largely middle and upper class movement, which for many decades was concerned primarily with the personal liberation of women and the expansion of their educational and employment opportunities.  After the 1905 revolution, the acquisition of political rights also becomes a matter of great importance to the feminists, until the movement is abruptly ended by the 1917 revolution.  Bibliographic notes; extensive bibliography.

Lilina, Z. I.  Soldaty tyla: Zhenskii trud vo vremia i poslie voiny.  Petrograd: Izd. Petrogradskago sov. rab. i krasn-arm. dep., 1918.  123p.

A comparative economic study of women in the work force, their positions, their salaries, problems of health and morbidity and their growth in numbers during World War I and their involvement in the workers movement.  Bibliographic notes, tables.

_________________________________________

June Pachuta Farris

Bibliographer for Slavic, E. European

and Central Eurasian Studies

University of Chicago Library

Room 263 Regenstein Library

1100 E. 57th Street

Chicago, IL  60637

1-773-702-8456 (phone)

1-773-702-6623 (fax)

jpf3 at uchicago.edu

-----Original Message-----
From: SEELANGS: Slavic & East European Languages and Literatures list [mailto:SEELANGS at BAMA.UA.EDU] On Behalf Of Kristen Harkness
Sent: Thursday, August 28, 2008 1:35 PM
To: SEELANGS at BAMA.UA.EDU
Subject: [SEELANGS] Women's Wages in Russia c. 1880

Dear SEELANGers,

Would someone kindly point me toward a source that indicates the kinds

of work available to women c. 1880 and the wages they received for

it?  So far I've only been able to come up with statistics for 1900

and after, but I'm not an economist, so I may be looking in all the

wrong places.

Thanks in advance.

Kristen

Kristen Harkness

PhD Candidate

University of Pittsburgh

History of Art and Architecture

104 Frick Fine Arts Building

Pittsburgh, PA 15260

kmhst16 at pitt.edu

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