From John.Koontz at colorado.edu  Mon Apr  3 05:41:28 2000
From: John.Koontz at colorado.edu (Koontz John E)
Date: Sun, 2 Apr 2000 23:41:28 -0600
Subject: Hochunk wa- (clarification)
In-Reply-To: <Pine.GSO.3.96.1000331091700.21997D-100000@spot.Colorado.EDU>
Message-ID: <SUN.2.APR.2000.234128.0600.>

On Fri, 31 Mar 2000, Koontz John E wrote:
> As it turns out, wa- is a universal component of Siouan (as opposed to
> Caddoan) morphology, ...

For "Caddoan" substitute "Catawban."

JEK


From John.Koontz at colorado.edu  Mon Apr  3 05:43:25 2000
From: John.Koontz at colorado.edu (Koontz John E)
Date: Sun, 2 Apr 2000 23:43:25 -0600
Subject: Hochunk wa-
In-Reply-To: <Pine.GSO.3.96.1000331091700.21997D-100000@spot.Colorado.EDU>
Message-ID: <SUN.2.APR.2000.234325.0600.>

On Fri, 31 Mar 2000, Koontz John E wrote:
> Wa- occurs in Chiwere and Dhegiha with similar patterns (including 3p
> object) to Winnebago.  In Dakotan wic^ha takes the role of 2p object.

I meant 3p object, not 2p object!

JEK


From jggoodtracks at juno.com  Mon Apr  3 16:13:10 2000
From: jggoodtracks at juno.com (Jimm G GoodTracks)
Date: Mon, 3 Apr 2000 11:13:10 -0500
Subject: Hochunk wa-
Message-ID: <MON.3.APR.2000.111310.0500.>

Johannes:
Ioway - Otoe/Missouria language is the close relative to Hochunk.  For
your comparative purposes, along with the information sent you from John
& Bob, the comparative in IOM for: (NOTE hyphen marks denote accent)
eat = ru'je; eat s.t./ food = waru'je;
table (lit. "eat on s.t.") = wa'ruje >(wa + a' + ruje).

I trust that this will assist.
Jimm


From jggoodtracks at juno.com  Mon Apr  3 16:06:52 2000
From: jggoodtracks at juno.com (Jimm G GoodTracks)
Date: Mon, 3 Apr 2000 11:06:52 -0500
Subject: Kathleen Danker
Message-ID: <MON.3.APR.2000.110652.0500.>

David:
You may try Kathy at:  711 7th Ave., Brookings, SD 57006.

Let me know your success.
Jimm

On Wed, 29 Mar 2000 10:16:33 -0700 (MST) ROOD DAVID S
<rood at spot.Colorado.EDU> writes:
>
> Does anyone know how to get in touch with Kathleen Danker?  She has
> published Hoc^aNk narratives and discussions of narrative style, but
> she's
> not in SSILA or the LSA -- I suspect she's in an English department
> somewhere.
> 	David
>
> David S. Rood
> Dept. of Linguistics
> Univ. of Colorado
> Campus Box 295
> Boulder, CO 80309-0295
> USA
> rood at colorado.edu
>


From jggoodtracks at juno.com  Tue Apr  4 02:45:45 2000
From: jggoodtracks at juno.com (Jimm G GoodTracks)
Date: Mon, 3 Apr 2000 21:45:45 -0500
Subject: Unrelated Language materials-
Message-ID: <MON.3.APR.2000.214545.0500.>

Members @lists:
I have been sorting through my books to eliminate unneeded materials,
including books on various Native American Languages, unrelated to Siouan
family.  If there is anyone who has a serious interest/ study of the
following languages and desires the appropriate publication,  they may
have it/ them for the cost of the postage to send them.

Otherwise, after a while, I will take those that remain as donation to
the HINU Library (Haskell Indian Nations University) in Lawrence, KS.
JGGoodTracks

Titles Available=
Neiyahw Ahchimowinah, by Chief Stick, Chippewa-Cree (historical
narrative). Rocky Boy, 1975.  	(English & Sylabary)

Pawhnes Learns from Father, Chippewa-Cree Research, Rocky Boy, 1975.

Snchitsu Umshtsn, Coeur D'Alene Language Course,  SW Research Assoc.,
Inc., Albuquerque, Lawrence Nicodemus, 1975.

Papago& Pima to English (O'odham-Milgahn)/ Eng to PP Dictionary.  Dean &
Lucille Saxton, Univ Arizona Press, 1969.

Learning to Read/ Write Shoshoni, Wick R. Miller, Univ of Utah, Salt
Lake.  1973.

Newe Natekwinappeh:  Shoshoni Stories & Dictionary.  Wick Miller.
Anthropological Pagers, #94.  Univ of Utah.  1972.

Lenape Indian, a Symposium. Archaeological Research Center, Secton Hall
Univ.  South Orange, NJersey.  Publication 7., 1984.

Indians of Lenanpehoking (Delaware Indians).  Herbert & John Kraft.
Secton Hall Univ.  South Orange, NewJersey.   1985.

Delaware of Western Oklahoma, Coloring Book, Oklahoma Indian Affairs
Commission, University Printing Service, Univ of Oklahoma.  1977.

Fakit hicha loksi ittinpakna.  Dept.HEW, Office Child Development.
Choctaw Head Start Program (Mississippi).

Omaeqnomenew Kiketwanan.  English-Menominee/ Meno-Eng  Word list.
Wisconsin NAm Languages Project & Great Lakes Intertribal Council. Univ
of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. 1975.


From rood at spot.Colorado.EDU  Tue Apr  4 14:24:07 2000
From: rood at spot.Colorado.EDU (ROOD DAVID S)
Date: Tue, 4 Apr 2000 08:24:07 -0600
Subject: Siouan/Caddoan Conference Housing
In-Reply-To: <Pine.HPP.3.96.1000326144856.6427A-100000@ophelia.ucs.indiana.edu>
Message-ID: <TUE.4.APR.2000.082407.0600.>

Hi, everyone:

	The Wichita government has arranged for a block of rooms to be
held for us until 10 days before the conference.  Contact the motel
directly with your reservation, and mention that it's for the "Siouan and
Caddoan Language Conference".  The motel is:
	Red Carpet Inn
	Highway 63 East
	Anadarko, Oklahoma 73005
	phone: 405-247-2491
	fax: 405-247-2825

	The rates are $31.78 per night for one person, #36.32 for two.

	There are other motels in town with similar rates, but I don't
know anything about potential availability, etc.
	
	Again, please remember to send me titles of papers and desired
time frame by May 12.

	It would be really helpful to have some idea of how many we're
going to have at the meetings, so if you plan to come, please send me a
note to that effect even if you're not offering a paper.  Some of you have
already done that -- no need to duplicate.

	News:  John Boyle has offered to host the meeting in 2001 at the
University of Chicago, and Dick Carter has invited us to Black Hills State
in Spearfish, SD for 2002.  Dates still need to be set.

	Finally, please be thinking about this: for about 20 years now, I
have been the informal organizer of these meetings, either asking someone
else to do it (you've been very helpful) or doing it myself.  I wonder if
it's time to establish a little more formality to our organization,
however, in the form of an annual election of a conference chair, or even
a "president" for the conference.  It would make me feel better if I
weren't the one to wonder about the next meeting all the time.	

	Looking forward to seeing you all in Oklahoma.
	Best,
	David
	
David S. Rood
Dept. of Linguistics
Univ. of Colorado
Campus Box 295
Boulder, CO 80309-0295
USA
rood at colorado.edu


From rood at spot.Colorado.EDU  Tue Apr  4 18:55:33 2000
From: rood at spot.Colorado.EDU (ROOD DAVID S)
Date: Tue, 4 Apr 2000 12:55:33 -0600
Subject: FW: Sacred white buffalo killed (fwd)
Message-ID: <TUE.4.APR.2000.125533.0600.>

David S. Rood
Dept. of Linguistics
Univ. of Colorado
Campus Box 295
Boulder, CO 80309-0295
USA
rood at colorado.edu

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Tue, 4 Apr 2000 08:47:16 -0600
From: "R.A.Cameron" <Cameron at Colorado.EDU>
To: Educ Grads <educ-grad-students at Colorado.EDU>,
    ling-dept at lists.Colorado.EDU
Cc: Jason Bradley Gilbreath <jgilbreath at novazen.com>,
    Jeffrey MacLachlan <jefmac at mindspring.com>
Subject: FW: Sacred white buffalo killed (fwd)



>->-----Original Message-----
>->>
>->>Sacred white buffalo killed
>->>BY JODI RAVE LEE
>->>Lincoln Journal Star
>->>
>->>Caption - "Short life: Medicine Wheel, a rare white buffalo born May 9,
>->>1996, was shot to death Sunday."
>->>
>->>---------------------------------------------------------------->->>
>->>When Joe Merrival was called to the scene of a buffalo shooting
>->on the Pine
>->>Ridge Indian Reservation recently, he stared in disbelief --
>->not far away
>->>lay his sacred buffalo, its throat slit, its hide tattered.
>->Medicine Wheel
>->>had been the first white buffalo born on Indian lands in more than a
>->>century.
>->>
>->>"I just felt, "Oh no, it's the white buffalo,'" Merrival said
>->Thursday. "I
>->>tried to control myself. My mind went blank actually. I didn't
>->want to say
>->>anything wrong, so I just said, "It's the white buffalo.'" Born May 9,
>->>1996,
>->>the white calf was immediately viewed as a symbol of hope, rebirth and
>->>unity
>->>for numerous Great Plains tribes.
>->>
>->>"For us, this would be something like coming to see Jesus lying in the
>->>manger," Floyd Hand Looks For Buffalo said shortly after
>->Medicine Wheel's
>->>birth.
>->>
>->>Today, the calf's death comes amid turmoil and chaos on Pine
>->Ridge, where
>->>internal and external pressures have rocked its 20,000 Oglala Lakota for
>->>much of the past year.
>->>
>->>Throughout last summer, demonstrators marched on nearby Whiteclay, Neb.,
>->>protesting beer sales and a spate of unsolved Indian murders.
>->And for the
>->>past 68 days, another group has occupied the tribal administration
>->>building.
>->>
>->>The buffalo's death is a sign that life for American Indian
>->people will get
>->>worse before it gets better, said Looks for Buffalo, a spokesman for the
>->>takeover group Grassroots Oyate.
>->>
>->>According to a tribal police report, Pine Ridge's symbol of
>->hope and unity
>->>died just after 8 p.m. Sunday, when police officer Alex Morgan
>->spotted the
>->>animal running down a road near the Red Cloud community.
>->>
>->>Morgan and tribal member Leon Poor Bear pursued the animal,
>->which ran into
>->>a
>->>yard.
>->>
>->>"We tried to chase it back down the road, but it would put down
>->his head
>->>and
>->>charge us," Morgan wrote in his report. "I told Leon to shoot
>->the buffalo
>->>for the safety of the community." When Merrival found the buffalo's body
>->>later that night, it appeared someone had started to butcher
>->it, he said:
>->>its throat was slit and its hide scarred from being dragged
>->down a gravel
>->>road.
>->>
>->>The rare animal's significance is rooted in Lakota oral history, which
>->>tells
>->>the story of a holy woman visiting one of their villages. She
>->taught them
>->>their seven sacred ceremonies and their four great virtues: courage,
>->>wisdom,
>->>generosity and fortitude. Before she left, she told the people not to
>->>worry,
>->>that she would return one day, and that a sign of her arrival would be a
>->>white buffalo calf.
>->>
>->>A version of the prophecy predicts the calf will be born white but will
>->>change in color -- to black, to yellow, to red and back to
>->white -- as it
>->>matures, Merrival said. Medicine Wheel was in the black phase.
>->>
>->>When Medicine Wheel was born, doubt existed whether the animal was 100
>->>percent bison. Tests from Storemont Laboratory in Woodland, Calif.,
>->>however,
>->>proved it to be pure.
>->>
>->>Now that the animal is dead, Merrival will use its hair and bones "for
>->>spiritual purposes," sharing the parts with as many people as
>->he can. After
>->>that, "I'll put it back into the pasture to where it was born."
>->>
>->>Reporter Jodi Rave Lee (Mandan-Hidatsa/Lakota) can be reached
>->at 473-7240
>->>or
>->>jrave at journalstar.com.
>->>
>->>
>->>=====================================
>->>COPYRIGHT: (1) Articles are posted under the fair use
>->>www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.html doctrine of
>->international copyright
>->>law, Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107. In accordance with it,
>->material in this
>->>missive is distributed without profit to those who have
>->expressed a prior
>->>interest in receiving the information by remaining subscribed
>->to YazzieNet
>->>and its affiliated lists. All copyrights belong to original publisher.
>->>DISCLAIMER: (2) YazzieNet has not verified  the accuracy of the
>->forwarded
>->>message and forwarding this message does not necessarily imply agreement
>->>with the positions stated herein.
>->>=====================================
>->
>->______________________________________________________
>->Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com


From Rgraczyk at aol.com  Wed Apr  5 19:28:06 2000
From: Rgraczyk at aol.com (Rgraczyk at aol.com)
Date: Wed, 5 Apr 2000 15:28:06 EDT
Subject: Siouan/Caddoan Conference Housing
Message-ID: <WED.5.APR.2000.152806.EDT.>

David:

I plan to be at the conference, though I won't be giving a paper this year.
I agree that it is time to give the conference some formal structure.  It's
time for the rest of us to share the responsibility.

Randy


From rankin at lark.cc.ukans.edu  Thu Apr  6 14:48:56 2000
From: rankin at lark.cc.ukans.edu (Robert L. Rankin)
Date: Thu, 6 Apr 2000 09:48:56 -0500
Subject: Siouan/Caddoan Conference.
Message-ID: <THU.6.APR.2000.094856.0500.>

Rgraczyk at aol.com wrote:
> I agree that it is time to give the conference some formal structure. > It's time for the rest of us to share the responsibility.

I agree with Randy.  It has always been difficult to finalize
arrangements for this conference early enough in the year to get an
announcement in (a) The SSILA newsletter (printed version), (b) the LSA
Bulletin and (c) The Anthropology newsletter, all far enough in advance
for people who are not "in the loop" to plan to attend.  As a result we
have sometimes had a conference with as few as 5 or 6 participants.

Bob


From BGalloway at sifc.edu  Fri Apr  7 01:57:00 2000
From: BGalloway at sifc.edu (Galloway, Brent)
Date: Thu, 6 Apr 2000 19:57:00 -0600
Subject: Unrelated Language materials-
Message-ID: <THU.6.APR.2000.195700.0600.>

To Jimm Goodtracks,

Hi.  Your offer of these books for the postage sounds like a good deal to
me.  I'm working in Salishan languages and Assiniboine and others here at
the Saskatchewan Indian Federated College are working on Cree, Chippewa, and
several of the other languages.  Our College President is a Choctaw who has
worked in education.  And what our faculty and President are not interested
in can go to our SIFC Library, which is amassing a pretty respectable
collection on Indian linguistics of diverse families.  What do you estimate
the cost would be to mail them all up to me in Canada?  I will send you a
U.S. money order.
My snail mail address is Brent Galloway, Dept. of Indian Languages,
Literatures, and Linguistics, SIFC, 118 College West, University of Regina,
Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
S4S 0A2, phone (306) 779-6248.  Thanks,     Brent

	-----Original Message-----
	From:	Jimm G GoodTracks [SMTP:jggoodtracks at juno.com]
	Sent:	April 3, 2000 9:46 PM
	To:	siouan at lists.Colorado.EDU
	Cc:	delancey at darkwing.uoregon.edu
	Subject:	Re: Unrelated Language materials-

	Members @lists:
	I have been sorting through my books to eliminate unneeded
materials,
	including books on various Native American Languages, unrelated to
Siouan
	family.  If there is anyone who has a serious interest/ study of the
	following languages and desires the appropriate publication,  they
may
	have it/ them for the cost of the postage to send them.

	Otherwise, after a while, I will take those that remain as donation
to
	the HINU Library (Haskell Indian Nations University) in Lawrence,
KS.
	JGGoodTracks

	Titles Available=
	Neiyahw Ahchimowinah, by Chief Stick, Chippewa-Cree (historical
	narrative). Rocky Boy, 1975.  	(English & Sylabary)

	Pawhnes Learns from Father, Chippewa-Cree Research, Rocky Boy, 1975.

	Snchitsu Umshtsn, Coeur D'Alene Language Course,  SW Research
Assoc.,
	Inc., Albuquerque, Lawrence Nicodemus, 1975.

	Papago& Pima to English (O'odham-Milgahn)/ Eng to PP Dictionary.
Dean &
	Lucille Saxton, Univ Arizona Press, 1969.

	Learning to Read/ Write Shoshoni, Wick R. Miller, Univ of Utah, Salt
	Lake.  1973.

	Newe Natekwinappeh:  Shoshoni Stories & Dictionary.  Wick Miller.
	Anthropological Pagers, #94.  Univ of Utah.  1972.

	Lenape Indian, a Symposium. Archaeological Research Center, Secton
Hall
	Univ.  South Orange, NJersey.  Publication 7., 1984.

	Indians of Lenanpehoking (Delaware Indians).  Herbert & John Kraft.
	Secton Hall Univ.  South Orange, NewJersey.   1985.

	Delaware of Western Oklahoma, Coloring Book, Oklahoma Indian Affairs
	Commission, University Printing Service, Univ of Oklahoma.  1977.

	Fakit hicha loksi ittinpakna.  Dept.HEW, Office Child Development.
	Choctaw Head Start Program (Mississippi).

	Omaeqnomenew Kiketwanan.  English-Menominee/ Meno-Eng  Word list.
	Wisconsin NAm Languages Project & Great Lakes Intertribal Council.
Univ
	of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. 1975.

	


From jggoodtracks at juno.com  Mon Apr 10 13:15:38 2000
From: jggoodtracks at juno.com (Jimm G GoodTracks)
Date: Mon, 10 Apr 2000 08:15:38 -0500
Subject: Unrelated Language materials-
Message-ID: <MON.10.APR.2000.081538.0500.>

Brent Galloway:
Let me figure out the Canadian postage rate, and I will get back with you
on the Cree material.
Jimm GoodTracks


From John.Koontz at colorado.edu  Fri Apr 14 07:02:49 2000
From: John.Koontz at colorado.edu (Koontz John E)
Date: Fri, 14 Apr 2000 01:02:49 -0600
Subject: Omaha-Ponca ewaN 'because'
Message-ID: <FRI.14.APR.2000.010249.0600.JOHN.KOONTZ@COLORADO.EDU>

And now for something a little bit different ...

Here's some data from Dorsey 1890/1891 on the use of e'=waN 'because'.
This stuff is in a preliminary format - my apologies.  It was assembled to
supplement an interesting e'=gaN :: e'=waN pair suggested by Kathy Shea at
the recent Dhegiha working meeting (Niskidhe).

E'waN


Wadha'the bdha'the=dhaN e'   gaN'=dha=  tt=      egaN
Food      I eat    the  that he desires IRREALIS HAVING

e'=waN  gaN' t?e'=  tta=the.
because so   he die shall.
\rf jod 1890:356.6

What is function of e' here?  'It is the food that I eat'?
What about e'=waN gaN'?  because-HAVING?
Cf. next sentences also with e'=waN gaN', punctuated as given by Dorsey.

------------------------------------------------

PpaN'kka=ama e'=waN  gaN',
Ponkas   the because so,

UmaN'haN=ama we'naxidha'=bi=ama.
Omahas   the attacked them  they say.
\rf jod 1890:405.4

------------------------------------------------

S^aN'ge=ama ppa'hi was^kaN'ttonga=i e'=waN          gaN',
Horse   the neck   it was strong    being the cause so,

a'kkusaNde         gi'?iN       adha'=i.
to him and beyond  carrying him it went.
\rf jod 1890:463.15-16

The man's horse ran away with him and carried him into some Dakotas.

------------------------------------------------

S^aN' wisi'dha=i=      the,
Yet   I remembered you when,

me'=adi     u's^kaN wiN' S^aaN'= ama'=tta  phi'=     the
last spring deed    one  Dakotas the  to   I arrived when,

e'=waN' e'=gaN, ppi'=             kki,
because so,     I was coming back when,

u's^kaN z^u=az^i ga'gha=i.
deed    wrong    they did.
\rf jod 1890:512-9-513.1

What is e'=waN e'=gaN? because so?
I suspect that the first 'deed' is some kind of idiom I don't quite fathom.
I recall that celebrations are called 'doings' in English and I believe that
this is the corresponding form that Clifford Wolf used for that.  Could this
be 'when I arrived at a Dakhota doings last Spring'?
This is an example of ama + POSTPOSITION, perhaps because the possessor (here
more like a sponsor) is raised to head in a possessive phrase:  [the Dakotas
their doings] + to.
I think this is something like 'I remember you from when I went to a Dakota
doings last spring, because something bad happened on my way back.'

------------------------------------------------

Kki e'=  ama ha, kkaN'de niN'de=kki
And that the .   plum    ripe   when

a'gaha xu'de a'dhaha=dhiN
on it  gray  adheres the

e'=waN= ama Is^ti'niNkhe
because the Ishtinike
\rf jod 1890:561.16

Notice the embedded sentence initially, roughly "and that's why �"
Notice e'=waN=ama, a continuative.
Notice dhiN as the article.

------------------------------------------------

DhaN'z^a e=da'=daN wiN' e'=waN=the'=s^te
Though   what      one  "is causing the trouble"

e'=gaN a'haN          e=bdh=e'=gaN.
so     ! (in thought) I think
\rf jod 1890:708.16-17

e'=waN=the=s^te is theoretically 'whatsoever upright cause'.
E=da=daN 'what (definite set?)' is like 'which' here.
Dorsey writes ebdhe'gaN.  I suspect e'=bdh e'=gaN with downstepping.

------------------------------------------------

Ppi'=az^i=the he'ga=z^i    ga'gha=i z^u'ga bdhu'ga.
Bad       the not a little was made body   whole.

We'naNz^u         akh        e'=waN=i.
Threshing-machine the (sub.) caused it.
\rf jod 1890:710.4-5

Proximate e'=waN=i?  'that (aforementioned) caused it'?
The use of the as the article in the preceding is also interesting.

------------------------------------------------

Ni'kkagahi=ama iNs^?a'ge=ama e'   e'=waN=i;
Chiefs     the old men   the that caused it;

a'=daN    ikha'ge=awa'dha=m=az^i,          ua'wakkia=m=az^i.
therefore I did not have them for friends, I did not speak to them.
\rf jod 1890:711.14-15

The e' is interesting.  Perhaps it forms something like 'it was (the chiefs,
the elders) who �'?
This is the sort of structure that makes me thing a'=daN goes with the next
clause.
Fictive kinship (or something similar) with the causative 'I did not have
them as friends'.

------------------------------------------------

Ikha'ge=dhidhe=xti=             kki'=z^i,
They have you for real friends, when,

u's^kaN=ge  gi'ttexi=           ama ha'
deeds   the are hard for (them) the .

dhaN'z^a, ni'kkas^iNga j^u'ba e'=waN=i,
though,   person       some   they caused it,

ni'kkagahi=ma  wa'gdha=i,
chiefs     the they accuse them

dhidaN'ba=b=az^i     e' wakha'=i.
they did not see you it they mean.
\rf jod 1890:743.3-4

More fictive kinship, another 'deed' = 'doings' idiom, and another embedded
initial sentence (with ha').
Also a =kki=z^i 'when' clause, whatever that means.
I find this dhaNz^a and the other above both a bit puzzling, too.

------------------------------------------------

Spafford Woodhull iz^on'ge     abdhiN'=   dhin'khe=dhon'
Spafford Woodhull his daughter I have her the      in the past

iN't?e,     dhi=e'=waN=        z^aN.
dead to me, you have caused it you do
\rf jod 1890:771.8-9

Notice dhi=e'=waN=z^aN - the second person, so ?wi=e'=waN=maN should be the
first person.  Apparently the structure is INDEPT_PRO + e + w(a)-aN +
IMPERFECT.

------------------------------------------------

Kki s^aN' waba'gdheze a'dhade=the dhappi'=xti
And yet   book        reading the speaking it well

wase'kkaN adha'=i=  de   ebe'=waN=i                  e'=iN=the
rapidly   they went when who caused it (the trouble) it may be

waba'gdheze a'dhade tti'= the dhis^e'dhaN=i.
book        reading house the was broken up.
\rf jod 1891:35.3-5

Notice ebe'=waN.
This sentence also has =de which I think is the OP equivalent of c^ha as an
indefinite topic particle.  Here it's glossed when, but it is often 'but',
suggesting the 'surprising fact' tendency of c^ha.  The verb glossed 'went'
is glossed 'want' in the Archives.  Dorsey renders it "And yet when the
children were learning to speak English very well, and were improving
rapidly, for some cause or other the school-house was broken up."

------------------------------------------------

Kkaghe'gi?aN e=a'thaN xa'dha     kki'=i              a.
Flying Crow  why      back again he has reached home !

E=da'=daN e'=waN=   the wa'gazu  ana'?aN   kkaN'=bdha.
What      caused it the straight I hear it I wish
\rf jod 1891:112.17-18

Notice interrogative 'why' in mid-clause.
Cause clause embedded under na?aN 'to hear'.


From CRudin at wscgate.wsc.edu  Mon Apr 17 18:51:42 2000
From: CRudin at wscgate.wsc.edu (Catherine Rudin)
Date: Mon, 17 Apr 2000 13:51:42 -0500
Subject: Dhegiha
Message-ID: <MON.17.APR.2000.135142.0500.>

Dear Siouan listers --
Several of us got together about a week ago for an informal working session on
Dhegiha languages, especially Omaha-Ponca and Osage.  It turned out to be a
wonderfully energizing weekend.  There were a lot more questions than answers,
naturally, but we did at least sketch out some areas we all agree on and some
areas to work on. The following summary of the proceedings is based mostly on my
notes, with some additions and corrections from John Koontz.  We'd welcome
discussion from the rest of you on any of these issues, in Dhegiha or other
languages.    Catherine

 ==========================================================================
DHEGIHA WORKING GROUP, April 8-9 2000, Lincoln, NE "the Niskidhe Meeting"

participants:  Mark Awakuni-Swetland, Ardis Eschenberg, John Koontz, Carolyn
Quintero, Bob Rankin, Catherine Rudin, Kathy Shea.

I.  We started out by hearing Ardis' paper on the treatment of several morphemes
with multiple functions in Omaha-Ponca (egaN, ama, the) within two different
morphosyntactic theories (Anderson's A-morphous Morphology, Van Valin's Role &
Reference Grammar).  Conclusion:  neither theory is perfect, but both provide
useful insights. A revised version of the paper will be presented at CLS.

II.  The morning of 4/8 was mostly devoted to the definite article system.

What we know about the articles includes:
1.  The same forms are used as auxiliaries (or aux-like elements), at least in
Omaha-Ponca; the two sets of forms differ in Osage.  (Carolyn handed out charts
of the Osage articles and auxiliaries)
2.  The articles code position/shape/posture and other semantic/pragmatic
features, including at least some of the following:  proximate/obviative,
animacy, plurality, motion, possibly agency or subjecthood, dead/alive ('the
former,the late'), actively present/peripherally present/not visible, and/or
transitioning between "onstage" and "offstage".  We had a couple of different
attempts at classification on the board. Although the details of the whole
system need to be looked at further, we basically agreed that some notion of
proximate/obviative plays a central role, as Ardis first suggested at last
year's Siouan & Caddoan conference.
3.  The question arose of how far the system has progressed toward being an
arbitrary noun-classifier system (i.e. does each noun have a "usual"
classifer/article?)  It seems the system is (still) very much semantically/
pragmatically based & article choice depends on the role of the noun in a given
context:  we found animate wes?a 'snake' used with khe (D27.1), dhaNkha
(D169.11), akha (D90.3), and thaN (D190.4), and inanimate, abstract  wadhathe
'food' used with khe, dhaN, the, and ge.   We did also discover a certain degree
of arbitrariness, in that the choice of 'lying' vs. 'sitting' (horizontal vs.
round) seems somewhat arbitrary at times, e.g., dhaN 'round' for individual
items of clothing (hiNbe 'moccasin', uthaN 'leggings', waiN 'blanket/robe', and
the preference for ge 'scattered' in plurals of these.  However, 'clothing' used
the (vertical).
4.  We discussed the neat little quirk of the system that each of
lie-sit-stand-disperse (sometimes?) functions as the plural of the preceding
one, i.e. the article for a collocation of lying objects is the "sit" article.
One example was hiNbe dhaN 'the moccasin'/hiNbe the 'the moccasins'. Kathy
provided an example z^aN khe 'the (stick of) wood'/z^aN the 'the stack of wood'
that may show that this series is at least partly due to tendencies in
patterning of shapes of collections rather than to grammaticalization of genders
in singluar/plural pairs.

Other questions (some unanswered) about articles:

-Are OP akha/ama really animate?  (Carolyn considers the corresponding Osage
akxa/apa not necessarily animate; we didn't answer for OP; Ardis says inanimates
with akha are personified)

-Is akha always singular?  (NO.  We saw numerous examples in a text with akha
referring to two people.  Did we get clear examples without a number?)

Is ama always plural or moving?  (No)

-Is there an animate "lying" form in OP?  (YES; the example with snakes:  wes?a
khe; John thinks corpses can be referred to with khe too.)

-Is the future/modal tta always followed by an article?  (No.  It can be
followed by evidential the in the sense 'shall surely, will certainly'.  It can
be used in 2nd person with no article in the sense 'please'.  There may be other
cases of tta without article as well.)

-Are there inanimate subjects?  We didn't find any clear examples (as indicated
by the article, assuming articles code subjecthood).  What about obviative
subjects?  The role of grammatical relations in the whole system is unclear.

-How can the occurrence of akha and ama with following postpositions be
explained?  (This seems odd since akha and ama are otherwise only used with
proximate subjects; a postposition seems to imply an oblique context...)


III.  In the afternoon we talked mostly about the auxiliary syatem.

One issue was how this ties in with the article system.

Another was meanings of particular auxiliaries.  For instance, we discussed
whether akha/ama are always "continuative".  An issue that needs more work is
how the semantics/pragmatics of the article and aux systems mesh with each
other.  John has determined that all of the inanimate articles occur as both
temporal clause markers and evidentials.  But what determines which one is used
when?  Catherine has an old Siouan conference paper that raises some of these
questions but doesn't answer most of them.

We also discussed the "habitual/usually" aux -naN- which apparently has two
incarnations, a "habitual" historically derived from *shnaN, which is
invariable, and one that I've mysteriously glossed "do be" in my notes,
historically from *naN, which conjugates:  maN/zhaN/naN in Quapaw, maN/zhaN/dhaN
(?)in Omaha-Ponca.  Both forms show up in the 1st person habitual ending
-naN=maN in O-P.  Both the full paradigms and the usage of these forms need
further investigation.

Other auxiliaries inflect too.  A couple of examples are:
    thaN: 1 athaNhe     dhiN:   1   adhiNhe
        2   dhathaNshe          2       dhadhiNshe
        3   thaN                3   dhiN
        4   aNgathaN            4   aNgadhiN

There was also some discussion of causatives, most of which I didn't take notes
on.  One example was uhi=a=dhe 'grow up=1sg=cause' "I raised them"

IV.  On Sunday morning we had a whirlwind tour of several topics:

1.  John gave us a tutorial on verb conjugations in O-P, the first time I've
ever seen all of the conjugation patterns in one place (Very useful!) and the
first time I've understood that, aside from the regular active and stative
patterns, only the "dh-active" conjugation (bdh-/n-/dh-/aNdh-)is used for more
than 2 or 3 verbs.  (Admittedly, there are lots of b-stem verbs, but they're all
formed with ba- or bi- instrumentals.  And of course the irregular conjugations
are very common verbs.)

We had some discussion of the -i (and accompanying ablaut) which John wrote at
the end of 3sg and all plural forms in all conjugations.  This is usually not
pronounced in 3sg in Omaha, unless followed by another suffix or clitic (eg.
the:  dhathe but dhatha=i=the '3sg ate').  However, it apparently is regularly
pronounced in Ponca even with nothing following, and occurs regularly in the
Dorsey texts.

2.  Bob explained all the different "kki" forms -- the suus (reflexive
possessive), dative, ...  I'd like to know more about how these forms are used,
i.e. their morpho/syntacto/pragmatic behavior.

3.  We had a brief session on subordination & clause structure, basically just
raising some questions.  What we actually know about Dhegiha syntax is very
small.  Here's a list of known facts-- ALL of which actually need further
checking out.
    -O-P is strongly right-headed (i.e. left-branching).  At the clause level,
this includes being usually verb-final, with aux's following V and subordinators
following the whole clause.
    -however, there are exceptions:  postverbal constituents are quite common
(about 10% of all sentences in a count Catherine once did) and there may be
other non-head-final constructions too.
    -there are various kinds of subordinators with different properties (e.g.
they differ in what the clause they attach to may contain (modal or aspectual
clitics, etc) and also in what role the clause plays within the higher sentence
(adverbial vs. nominal)
    -O-P is a "null subject" and "null object" language; presumably a pronominal
argument language in Jelinek's sense?

Catherine listed some basic questions that need to be addressed to understand
subordination:
    -What are the subordinators?  (There are several types:  some are (or at
least look like) articles; others are adverbial/postpositional; is there
anything like a neutral complementizer?)
    -What are the clauses themselves?  (Some are arguments (or coreferential to
pronominal arguments); others are adjuncts of various kinds)
    -What is the internal structure of subordinate clauses? (Different from that
of main clauses?  One difference may be that postverbal constituents are not or
less easily possible)

We briefly discussed (so called) internal headed relative clauses, clauses with
ewaN vs. egaN in Kathy's Ponca data, how to tell whether a particle is
clause-final or is initial to the following clause.

=================
An issue which pervaded the weekend in spite of not being an "official" topic
(we'd agreed NOT to get bogged down in it) was orthography.  Kathy distributed
the new Ponca teaching materials (in draft form), written in the newly adopted
Ponca alphabet (Fletcher & LaFlesche with modifications including long vowels &
aspiration).  Ardis has begun using the slightly different F&L-based alphabet
currently in use at UmoNhoN Nation school.  Carolyn's Osage teaching materials
use an alphabet that seems closer to the academic Siouan orthography.  The main
problem we ran into in switching from one system to another was "th" which can
be edh or aspirated t.
    Pedagogical issues got discussed some too; several of us are involved in
teaching and/or developing teaching materials for a Dhegiha language and
thinking about how to teach Dhegiha grammar to children or non-linguist adults.
    Phonetics came up here and there, especially the fact that Omaha and Ponca
seem to have vowel length and contour pitch accent -- Do they always go
together?  Should they be written?

===============
A fine time was had by all, the accomodations, meeting space, food, etc. were
great (thanks to Mark, our local host), and I think we all learned a lot.

As I said at the beginning of this (long -- sorry!) message, we're now throwing
all of this open for discussion on the Siouan list & await your comments!


From rood at spot.Colorado.EDU  Mon Apr 24 14:25:09 2000
From: rood at spot.Colorado.EDU (ROOD DAVID S)
Date: Mon, 24 Apr 2000 08:25:09 -0600
Subject: Clerical help
Message-ID: <MON.24.APR.2000.082509.0600.>

Dear Siouanists,
	I started to work with the mailing list for the Siouan/Caddoan
conference this weekend, so that people who aren't on this list or the
SSILA one would get a notice about the conference (very late, I know), and
I found it was a real problem: as nearly as I can tell, I haven't updated
it in several years.  Most of the people on it whose names I don't
recognize are folks that were added by some of you off and on over the
years.
	I am going to send about 30 letters this week to people I suspect
are not getting the email notices, but I need your help again to try to
get the word out to everyone who might want to be informed.  Please do two
things: tell your colleagues, and tell me about regular mail recipients
(especially speakers or tribal education departments or cultural
preservation programs) who should be on the list.  Don't worry about
duplication -- I can sort that out.
	Thanks.
	DAvid

David S. Rood
Dept. of Linguistics
Univ. of Colorado
Campus Box 295
Boulder, CO 80309-0295
USA
rood at colorado.edu


From CRudin at wscgate.wsc.edu  Mon Apr 24 18:53:30 2000
From: CRudin at wscgate.wsc.edu (Catherine Rudin)
Date: Mon, 24 Apr 2000 13:53:30 -0500
Subject: Clerical help
Message-ID: <MON.24.APR.2000.135330.0500.>

Do you have Jerome Kills Small on your list?  I could dig for a better address
for him, but Native American Studies, U. South Dakota, Vermillion, SD would
reach him.

Vida Stabler, c/o Umonhon Nation School Culture Center, Macy, NE 68039
    vstabler at esu1.edu
John Mangan, also c/o the school
Dennis Hastings, RR1, Box 79A, Walthill, NE 68067  (?? Old address, but I think
it still works)


____________________Reply Separator____________________
Subject:    Clerical help
Author: siouan at lists.Colorado.EDU
Date:       4/24/00 8:25 AM

Dear Siouanists,
        I started to work with the mailing list for the Siouan/Caddoan
conference this weekend, so that people who aren't on this list or the
SSILA one would get a notice about the conference (very late, I know), and
I found it was a real problem: as nearly as I can tell, I haven't updated
it in several years.  Most of the people on it whose names I don't
recognize are folks that were added by some of you off and on over the
years.
        I am going to send about 30 letters this week to people I suspect
are not getting the email notices, but I need your help again to try to
get the word out to everyone who might want to be informed.  Please do two
things: tell your colleagues, and tell me about regular mail recipients
(especially speakers or tribal education departments or cultural
preservation programs) who should be on the list.  Don't worry about
duplication -- I can sort that out.
        Thanks.
        DAvid

David S. Rood
Dept. of Linguistics
Univ. of Colorado
Campus Box 295
Boulder, CO 80309-0295
USA
rood at colorado.edu


From John.Koontz at colorado.edu  Thu Apr 27 15:19:24 2000
From: John.Koontz at colorado.edu (Koontz John E)
Date: Thu, 27 Apr 2000 09:19:24 -0600
Subject: Omaha-Ponca "Evidential" *the*
Message-ID: <THU.27.APR.2000.091924.0600.>

This was originally circulated among a subset of the Siouan List
subscribers interested in Dhegiha.  I thought it might be of wider
interest, and I know that some folks with Dhegiha interests aren't part of
the smaller group, which was just those folks who participated in the
informal Lincoln or Niskidhe meeting.

On Tue, 25 Apr 2000, Robert L. Rankin wrote:
> And re our last meeting, I was looking over my Kaw texts and find that the
> particle /the/ that we labeled 'evidential' is consistently used by Kaws
> in contexts where they did not in any sense witness the event; it is
> merely a traditional narrative situation. Someone else (Boas, Dorsey??)
> labeled it 'narrative' mode.  This would fit the Kaw usage better.  I know
> nothing about Omaha/Ponca usage though.

Dorsey basically claims that *the* marks a past tense.  He may use the
term narrative past tense.  I'm going to have to look that up if I try to
compile anything on the problem.  I think the source is his ms. grammar,
though it may be a footnote in the texts.  Narrative as a gloss doesn't
work in OP, as the sentences occur outside of strictly narrative contexts,
though one can always claim that the occurrence is a narrative sequence of
length 1.  Granted some narratives of personal experience or
non-traditional fiction fairly bristle with *the*.

I think I am wholely responsible for initiating any trend to refer to the
*the* marker as 'evidential'.  Anyway, I'll take the credit/blame insofar
as Dorsey can't.  The sense is somewhat different from the generic meaning
of the term evidential, which should, of course, refer to all kinds of
evidentiary markings and meaning as a class.  I just mean "a marker
meaning something like 'evidently'."  Initially I always glossed it EVID
for 'evidently'.  I'm not clear when I started saying 'evidential', though
I think this was secondary and an accident.

I had also noticed that 'past' didn't seem to apply in any meaningful way.
One day I noticed that 'it seems that' or 'apparently, seeingly,
evidently' pretty much fit wherever *the* occurred and, pursuing the
issue, that *the* occurred in sentences where speakers didn't use the
declarative, where they apparently hadn't witnessed the event, but only
its consequences, or wished you as the hearer to take that point of view,
and that *the* was also largely, though not entirely, in opposition to the
quotative *ama*, too.  It can occur inside it, apparently as a quoted
evidential.

N.B.  Ardis Eschenberg pointed out subsequently that *the* does occur with
the declarative.  JEK

Note that this sort of pattern is very similar (apart from the issue of
the declarative and quotative) to the pattern of the perfect in Turkish
(and generally in Caucasian, Turkic, and Iranian languages of the Mideast
and Central Eurasia).  Actually, it's not too different from the sense of
the perfect in English, though there the emphasis is is less on evidence
and more on states arising from past events.  Still, this seems primarily
a matter of emphasis in description, coupled with the need to distinguish
'must have Xed' from 'has Xed' in English.

Naturally, these observations remain at the hypothetical level.  I haven't
tried (or really had the opportunity) to verify this in elicitation,
though it should be easy enough to verify.  I can't say that the method of
analysis is one that I'd be thrilled to defend against all comers in an
open forum, it being about as mentalistic as they come, but I must say
that it works pretty well and (apart from the absence opportunities for
testing) it's not too different from the way I learned the semantics of
English.  As in the latter case, the faint glimmerings of comprehension
that come to me don't always lead to a lucid explanation.

JEK


From kdshea at falcon.cc.ukans.edu  Thu Apr 27 16:31:09 2000
From: kdshea at falcon.cc.ukans.edu (SHEA KATHLEEN DORETTE)
Date: Thu, 27 Apr 2000 11:31:09 -0500
Subject: Clerical help
In-Reply-To: <002DB60C.C21368@wscgate.wsc.edu>
Message-ID: <THU.27.APR.2000.113109.0500.>

Jerome Kills Small's e-mail address is jkillsma at usd.edu.

Kathy Shea

On Mon, 24 Apr 2000, Catherine Rudin wrote:

> Do you have Jerome Kills Small on your list?  I could dig for a better address
> for him, but Native American Studies, U. South Dakota, Vermillion, SD would
> reach him.
>
> Vida Stabler, c/o Umonhon Nation School Culture Center, Macy, NE 68039
>     vstabler at esu1.edu
> John Mangan, also c/o the school
> Dennis Hastings, RR1, Box 79A, Walthill, NE 68067  (?? Old address, but I think
> it still works)
>
>
> ____________________Reply Separator____________________
> Subject:    Clerical help
> Author: siouan at lists.Colorado.EDU
> Date:       4/24/00 8:25 AM
>
> Dear Siouanists,
>         I started to work with the mailing list for the Siouan/Caddoan
> conference this weekend, so that people who aren't on this list or the
> SSILA one would get a notice about the conference (very late, I know), and
> I found it was a real problem: as nearly as I can tell, I haven't updated
> it in several years.  Most of the people on it whose names I don't
> recognize are folks that were added by some of you off and on over the
> years.
>         I am going to send about 30 letters this week to people I suspect
> are not getting the email notices, but I need your help again to try to
> get the word out to everyone who might want to be informed.  Please do two
> things: tell your colleagues, and tell me about regular mail recipients
> (especially speakers or tribal education departments or cultural
> preservation programs) who should be on the list.  Don't worry about
> duplication -- I can sort that out.
>         Thanks.
>         DAvid
>
> David S. Rood
> Dept. of Linguistics
> Univ. of Colorado
> Campus Box 295
> Boulder, CO 80309-0295
> USA
> rood at colorado.edu
>


From ponka at kskc.net  Fri Apr 28 15:41:19 2000
From: ponka at kskc.net (Horseshoe Man)
Date: Fri, 28 Apr 2000 10:41:19 -0500
Subject: Passing of Last Kaw Full-Blood
Message-ID: <FRI.28.APR.2000.104119.0500.>

Last pure-blooded Kaw Indian dies

April 27, 2000
Web posted at: 11:34 AM EDT (1534 GMT)

OMAHA, Nebraska (AP) -- The last pure-blooded member of the Kaw Nation,
the tribe that gave the state of Kansas its name, has died at age 82.

William Mehojah, who died Sunday, was one of only about 2,500 people on
Kaw Nation tribal rolls. Most have only a fraction of Kaw blood.

The tribe -- previously known as the Konza, Kanza or Kansa -- at one
time stretched over 20 million acres across northern Kansas into
Nebraska and Missouri. By 1825, westward expansion reduced that land to
2 million acres. The tribe moved to what is now the Kansas, or Kaw,
River valley in the early 1800s.

In 1873, the federal government moved the tribe to a 100,000-acre
reservation in northern Oklahoma. By this time disease had reduced the
number of Kaw to about 700, said JoAnn Obregon, a member of the Kaw
executive council. About 600 live on the former reservation land today.

Only four pure-blooded Kaw were left five years ago: Mehojah, his
brother and two nephews. Mehoja's last surviving nephew died two years
ago.

Mehojah served in the Army during World War II, then worked for 35 years
with the Bureau of Indian Affairs in Montana, the Dakotas, Idaho and
Arizona, where he retired in 1976.

He and his wife, Fredericka, moved to Omaha a year ago to be closer to
their daughter, the Rev. Sandra Mehojah, project coordinator for the
Omaha School  District's Indian education office.

Survivors include his wife and three children.


From cqcq at compuserve.com  Fri Apr 28 20:21:36 2000
From: cqcq at compuserve.com (Carolyn)
Date: Fri, 28 Apr 2000 16:21:36 -0400
Subject: Passing of Last Kaw Full-Blood
Message-ID: <FRI.28.APR.2000.162136.0400.>

There's an article about this in the Tulsa World today April 28, if anyone
wants more ino.
Carolyn

Carolyn Quintero
cqcq at compuserve.com


From John.Koontz at colorado.edu  Mon Apr  3 05:41:28 2000
From: John.Koontz at colorado.edu (Koontz John E)
Date: Sun, 2 Apr 2000 23:41:28 -0600
Subject: Hochunk wa- (clarification)
In-Reply-To: <Pine.GSO.3.96.1000331091700.21997D-100000@spot.Colorado.EDU>
Message-ID: <SUN.2.APR.2000.234128.0600.>

On Fri, 31 Mar 2000, Koontz John E wrote:
> As it turns out, wa- is a universal component of Siouan (as opposed to
> Caddoan) morphology, ...

For "Caddoan" substitute "Catawban."

JEK


From John.Koontz at colorado.edu  Mon Apr  3 05:43:25 2000
From: John.Koontz at colorado.edu (Koontz John E)
Date: Sun, 2 Apr 2000 23:43:25 -0600
Subject: Hochunk wa-
In-Reply-To: <Pine.GSO.3.96.1000331091700.21997D-100000@spot.Colorado.EDU>
Message-ID: <SUN.2.APR.2000.234325.0600.>

On Fri, 31 Mar 2000, Koontz John E wrote:
> Wa- occurs in Chiwere and Dhegiha with similar patterns (including 3p
> object) to Winnebago.  In Dakotan wic^ha takes the role of 2p object.

I meant 3p object, not 2p object!

JEK


From jggoodtracks at juno.com  Mon Apr  3 16:13:10 2000
From: jggoodtracks at juno.com (Jimm G GoodTracks)
Date: Mon, 3 Apr 2000 11:13:10 -0500
Subject: Hochunk wa-
Message-ID: <MON.3.APR.2000.111310.0500.>

Johannes:
Ioway - Otoe/Missouria language is the close relative to Hochunk.  For
your comparative purposes, along with the information sent you from John
& Bob, the comparative in IOM for: (NOTE hyphen marks denote accent)
eat = ru'je; eat s.t./ food = waru'je;
table (lit. "eat on s.t.") = wa'ruje >(wa + a' + ruje).

I trust that this will assist.
Jimm


From jggoodtracks at juno.com  Mon Apr  3 16:06:52 2000
From: jggoodtracks at juno.com (Jimm G GoodTracks)
Date: Mon, 3 Apr 2000 11:06:52 -0500
Subject: Kathleen Danker
Message-ID: <MON.3.APR.2000.110652.0500.>

David:
You may try Kathy at:  711 7th Ave., Brookings, SD 57006.

Let me know your success.
Jimm

On Wed, 29 Mar 2000 10:16:33 -0700 (MST) ROOD DAVID S
<rood at spot.Colorado.EDU> writes:
>
> Does anyone know how to get in touch with Kathleen Danker?  She has
> published Hoc^aNk narratives and discussions of narrative style, but
> she's
> not in SSILA or the LSA -- I suspect she's in an English department
> somewhere.
> 	David
>
> David S. Rood
> Dept. of Linguistics
> Univ. of Colorado
> Campus Box 295
> Boulder, CO 80309-0295
> USA
> rood at colorado.edu
>


From jggoodtracks at juno.com  Tue Apr  4 02:45:45 2000
From: jggoodtracks at juno.com (Jimm G GoodTracks)
Date: Mon, 3 Apr 2000 21:45:45 -0500
Subject: Unrelated Language materials-
Message-ID: <MON.3.APR.2000.214545.0500.>

Members @lists:
I have been sorting through my books to eliminate unneeded materials,
including books on various Native American Languages, unrelated to Siouan
family.  If there is anyone who has a serious interest/ study of the
following languages and desires the appropriate publication,  they may
have it/ them for the cost of the postage to send them.

Otherwise, after a while, I will take those that remain as donation to
the HINU Library (Haskell Indian Nations University) in Lawrence, KS.
JGGoodTracks

Titles Available=
Neiyahw Ahchimowinah, by Chief Stick, Chippewa-Cree (historical
narrative). Rocky Boy, 1975.  	(English & Sylabary)

Pawhnes Learns from Father, Chippewa-Cree Research, Rocky Boy, 1975.

Snchitsu Umshtsn, Coeur D'Alene Language Course,  SW Research Assoc.,
Inc., Albuquerque, Lawrence Nicodemus, 1975.

Papago& Pima to English (O'odham-Milgahn)/ Eng to PP Dictionary.  Dean &
Lucille Saxton, Univ Arizona Press, 1969.

Learning to Read/ Write Shoshoni, Wick R. Miller, Univ of Utah, Salt
Lake.  1973.

Newe Natekwinappeh:  Shoshoni Stories & Dictionary.  Wick Miller.
Anthropological Pagers, #94.  Univ of Utah.  1972.

Lenape Indian, a Symposium. Archaeological Research Center, Secton Hall
Univ.  South Orange, NJersey.  Publication 7., 1984.

Indians of Lenanpehoking (Delaware Indians).  Herbert & John Kraft.
Secton Hall Univ.  South Orange, NewJersey.   1985.

Delaware of Western Oklahoma, Coloring Book, Oklahoma Indian Affairs
Commission, University Printing Service, Univ of Oklahoma.  1977.

Fakit hicha loksi ittinpakna.  Dept.HEW, Office Child Development.
Choctaw Head Start Program (Mississippi).

Omaeqnomenew Kiketwanan.  English-Menominee/ Meno-Eng  Word list.
Wisconsin NAm Languages Project & Great Lakes Intertribal Council. Univ
of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. 1975.


From rood at spot.Colorado.EDU  Tue Apr  4 14:24:07 2000
From: rood at spot.Colorado.EDU (ROOD DAVID S)
Date: Tue, 4 Apr 2000 08:24:07 -0600
Subject: Siouan/Caddoan Conference Housing
In-Reply-To: <Pine.HPP.3.96.1000326144856.6427A-100000@ophelia.ucs.indiana.edu>
Message-ID: <TUE.4.APR.2000.082407.0600.>

Hi, everyone:

	The Wichita government has arranged for a block of rooms to be
held for us until 10 days before the conference.  Contact the motel
directly with your reservation, and mention that it's for the "Siouan and
Caddoan Language Conference".  The motel is:
	Red Carpet Inn
	Highway 63 East
	Anadarko, Oklahoma 73005
	phone: 405-247-2491
	fax: 405-247-2825

	The rates are $31.78 per night for one person, #36.32 for two.

	There are other motels in town with similar rates, but I don't
know anything about potential availability, etc.
	
	Again, please remember to send me titles of papers and desired
time frame by May 12.

	It would be really helpful to have some idea of how many we're
going to have at the meetings, so if you plan to come, please send me a
note to that effect even if you're not offering a paper.  Some of you have
already done that -- no need to duplicate.

	News:  John Boyle has offered to host the meeting in 2001 at the
University of Chicago, and Dick Carter has invited us to Black Hills State
in Spearfish, SD for 2002.  Dates still need to be set.

	Finally, please be thinking about this: for about 20 years now, I
have been the informal organizer of these meetings, either asking someone
else to do it (you've been very helpful) or doing it myself.  I wonder if
it's time to establish a little more formality to our organization,
however, in the form of an annual election of a conference chair, or even
a "president" for the conference.  It would make me feel better if I
weren't the one to wonder about the next meeting all the time.	

	Looking forward to seeing you all in Oklahoma.
	Best,
	David
	
David S. Rood
Dept. of Linguistics
Univ. of Colorado
Campus Box 295
Boulder, CO 80309-0295
USA
rood at colorado.edu


From rood at spot.Colorado.EDU  Tue Apr  4 18:55:33 2000
From: rood at spot.Colorado.EDU (ROOD DAVID S)
Date: Tue, 4 Apr 2000 12:55:33 -0600
Subject: FW: Sacred white buffalo killed (fwd)
Message-ID: <TUE.4.APR.2000.125533.0600.>

David S. Rood
Dept. of Linguistics
Univ. of Colorado
Campus Box 295
Boulder, CO 80309-0295
USA
rood at colorado.edu

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Tue, 4 Apr 2000 08:47:16 -0600
From: "R.A.Cameron" <Cameron at Colorado.EDU>
To: Educ Grads <educ-grad-students at Colorado.EDU>,
    ling-dept at lists.Colorado.EDU
Cc: Jason Bradley Gilbreath <jgilbreath at novazen.com>,
    Jeffrey MacLachlan <jefmac at mindspring.com>
Subject: FW: Sacred white buffalo killed (fwd)



>->-----Original Message-----
>->>
>->>Sacred white buffalo killed
>->>BY JODI RAVE LEE
>->>Lincoln Journal Star
>->>
>->>Caption - "Short life: Medicine Wheel, a rare white buffalo born May 9,
>->>1996, was shot to death Sunday."
>->>
>->>---------------------------------------------------------------->->>
>->>When Joe Merrival was called to the scene of a buffalo shooting
>->on the Pine
>->>Ridge Indian Reservation recently, he stared in disbelief --
>->not far away
>->>lay his sacred buffalo, its throat slit, its hide tattered.
>->Medicine Wheel
>->>had been the first white buffalo born on Indian lands in more than a
>->>century.
>->>
>->>"I just felt, "Oh no, it's the white buffalo,'" Merrival said
>->Thursday. "I
>->>tried to control myself. My mind went blank actually. I didn't
>->want to say
>->>anything wrong, so I just said, "It's the white buffalo.'" Born May 9,
>->>1996,
>->>the white calf was immediately viewed as a symbol of hope, rebirth and
>->>unity
>->>for numerous Great Plains tribes.
>->>
>->>"For us, this would be something like coming to see Jesus lying in the
>->>manger," Floyd Hand Looks For Buffalo said shortly after
>->Medicine Wheel's
>->>birth.
>->>
>->>Today, the calf's death comes amid turmoil and chaos on Pine
>->Ridge, where
>->>internal and external pressures have rocked its 20,000 Oglala Lakota for
>->>much of the past year.
>->>
>->>Throughout last summer, demonstrators marched on nearby Whiteclay, Neb.,
>->>protesting beer sales and a spate of unsolved Indian murders.
>->And for the
>->>past 68 days, another group has occupied the tribal administration
>->>building.
>->>
>->>The buffalo's death is a sign that life for American Indian
>->people will get
>->>worse before it gets better, said Looks for Buffalo, a spokesman for the
>->>takeover group Grassroots Oyate.
>->>
>->>According to a tribal police report, Pine Ridge's symbol of
>->hope and unity
>->>died just after 8 p.m. Sunday, when police officer Alex Morgan
>->spotted the
>->>animal running down a road near the Red Cloud community.
>->>
>->>Morgan and tribal member Leon Poor Bear pursued the animal,
>->which ran into
>->>a
>->>yard.
>->>
>->>"We tried to chase it back down the road, but it would put down
>->his head
>->>and
>->>charge us," Morgan wrote in his report. "I told Leon to shoot
>->the buffalo
>->>for the safety of the community." When Merrival found the buffalo's body
>->>later that night, it appeared someone had started to butcher
>->it, he said:
>->>its throat was slit and its hide scarred from being dragged
>->down a gravel
>->>road.
>->>
>->>The rare animal's significance is rooted in Lakota oral history, which
>->>tells
>->>the story of a holy woman visiting one of their villages. She
>->taught them
>->>their seven sacred ceremonies and their four great virtues: courage,
>->>wisdom,
>->>generosity and fortitude. Before she left, she told the people not to
>->>worry,
>->>that she would return one day, and that a sign of her arrival would be a
>->>white buffalo calf.
>->>
>->>A version of the prophecy predicts the calf will be born white but will
>->>change in color -- to black, to yellow, to red and back to
>->white -- as it
>->>matures, Merrival said. Medicine Wheel was in the black phase.
>->>
>->>When Medicine Wheel was born, doubt existed whether the animal was 100
>->>percent bison. Tests from Storemont Laboratory in Woodland, Calif.,
>->>however,
>->>proved it to be pure.
>->>
>->>Now that the animal is dead, Merrival will use its hair and bones "for
>->>spiritual purposes," sharing the parts with as many people as
>->he can. After
>->>that, "I'll put it back into the pasture to where it was born."
>->>
>->>Reporter Jodi Rave Lee (Mandan-Hidatsa/Lakota) can be reached
>->at 473-7240
>->>or
>->>jrave at journalstar.com.
>->>
>->>
>->>=====================================
>->>COPYRIGHT: (1) Articles are posted under the fair use
>->>www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.html doctrine of
>->international copyright
>->>law, Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107. In accordance with it,
>->material in this
>->>missive is distributed without profit to those who have
>->expressed a prior
>->>interest in receiving the information by remaining subscribed
>->to YazzieNet
>->>and its affiliated lists. All copyrights belong to original publisher.
>->>DISCLAIMER: (2) YazzieNet has not verified  the accuracy of the
>->forwarded
>->>message and forwarding this message does not necessarily imply agreement
>->>with the positions stated herein.
>->>=====================================
>->
>->______________________________________________________
>->Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com


From Rgraczyk at aol.com  Wed Apr  5 19:28:06 2000
From: Rgraczyk at aol.com (Rgraczyk at aol.com)
Date: Wed, 5 Apr 2000 15:28:06 EDT
Subject: Siouan/Caddoan Conference Housing
Message-ID: <WED.5.APR.2000.152806.EDT.>

David:

I plan to be at the conference, though I won't be giving a paper this year.
I agree that it is time to give the conference some formal structure.  It's
time for the rest of us to share the responsibility.

Randy


From rankin at lark.cc.ukans.edu  Thu Apr  6 14:48:56 2000
From: rankin at lark.cc.ukans.edu (Robert L. Rankin)
Date: Thu, 6 Apr 2000 09:48:56 -0500
Subject: Siouan/Caddoan Conference.
Message-ID: <THU.6.APR.2000.094856.0500.>

Rgraczyk at aol.com wrote:
> I agree that it is time to give the conference some formal structure. > It's time for the rest of us to share the responsibility.

I agree with Randy.  It has always been difficult to finalize
arrangements for this conference early enough in the year to get an
announcement in (a) The SSILA newsletter (printed version), (b) the LSA
Bulletin and (c) The Anthropology newsletter, all far enough in advance
for people who are not "in the loop" to plan to attend.  As a result we
have sometimes had a conference with as few as 5 or 6 participants.

Bob


From BGalloway at sifc.edu  Fri Apr  7 01:57:00 2000
From: BGalloway at sifc.edu (Galloway, Brent)
Date: Thu, 6 Apr 2000 19:57:00 -0600
Subject: Unrelated Language materials-
Message-ID: <THU.6.APR.2000.195700.0600.>

To Jimm Goodtracks,

Hi.  Your offer of these books for the postage sounds like a good deal to
me.  I'm working in Salishan languages and Assiniboine and others here at
the Saskatchewan Indian Federated College are working on Cree, Chippewa, and
several of the other languages.  Our College President is a Choctaw who has
worked in education.  And what our faculty and President are not interested
in can go to our SIFC Library, which is amassing a pretty respectable
collection on Indian linguistics of diverse families.  What do you estimate
the cost would be to mail them all up to me in Canada?  I will send you a
U.S. money order.
My snail mail address is Brent Galloway, Dept. of Indian Languages,
Literatures, and Linguistics, SIFC, 118 College West, University of Regina,
Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
S4S 0A2, phone (306) 779-6248.  Thanks,     Brent

	-----Original Message-----
	From:	Jimm G GoodTracks [SMTP:jggoodtracks at juno.com]
	Sent:	April 3, 2000 9:46 PM
	To:	siouan at lists.Colorado.EDU
	Cc:	delancey at darkwing.uoregon.edu
	Subject:	Re: Unrelated Language materials-

	Members @lists:
	I have been sorting through my books to eliminate unneeded
materials,
	including books on various Native American Languages, unrelated to
Siouan
	family.  If there is anyone who has a serious interest/ study of the
	following languages and desires the appropriate publication,  they
may
	have it/ them for the cost of the postage to send them.

	Otherwise, after a while, I will take those that remain as donation
to
	the HINU Library (Haskell Indian Nations University) in Lawrence,
KS.
	JGGoodTracks

	Titles Available=
	Neiyahw Ahchimowinah, by Chief Stick, Chippewa-Cree (historical
	narrative). Rocky Boy, 1975.  	(English & Sylabary)

	Pawhnes Learns from Father, Chippewa-Cree Research, Rocky Boy, 1975.

	Snchitsu Umshtsn, Coeur D'Alene Language Course,  SW Research
Assoc.,
	Inc., Albuquerque, Lawrence Nicodemus, 1975.

	Papago& Pima to English (O'odham-Milgahn)/ Eng to PP Dictionary.
Dean &
	Lucille Saxton, Univ Arizona Press, 1969.

	Learning to Read/ Write Shoshoni, Wick R. Miller, Univ of Utah, Salt
	Lake.  1973.

	Newe Natekwinappeh:  Shoshoni Stories & Dictionary.  Wick Miller.
	Anthropological Pagers, #94.  Univ of Utah.  1972.

	Lenape Indian, a Symposium. Archaeological Research Center, Secton
Hall
	Univ.  South Orange, NJersey.  Publication 7., 1984.

	Indians of Lenanpehoking (Delaware Indians).  Herbert & John Kraft.
	Secton Hall Univ.  South Orange, NewJersey.   1985.

	Delaware of Western Oklahoma, Coloring Book, Oklahoma Indian Affairs
	Commission, University Printing Service, Univ of Oklahoma.  1977.

	Fakit hicha loksi ittinpakna.  Dept.HEW, Office Child Development.
	Choctaw Head Start Program (Mississippi).

	Omaeqnomenew Kiketwanan.  English-Menominee/ Meno-Eng  Word list.
	Wisconsin NAm Languages Project & Great Lakes Intertribal Council.
Univ
	of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. 1975.

	


From jggoodtracks at juno.com  Mon Apr 10 13:15:38 2000
From: jggoodtracks at juno.com (Jimm G GoodTracks)
Date: Mon, 10 Apr 2000 08:15:38 -0500
Subject: Unrelated Language materials-
Message-ID: <MON.10.APR.2000.081538.0500.>

Brent Galloway:
Let me figure out the Canadian postage rate, and I will get back with you
on the Cree material.
Jimm GoodTracks


From John.Koontz at colorado.edu  Fri Apr 14 07:02:49 2000
From: John.Koontz at colorado.edu (Koontz John E)
Date: Fri, 14 Apr 2000 01:02:49 -0600
Subject: Omaha-Ponca ewaN 'because'
Message-ID: <FRI.14.APR.2000.010249.0600.JOHN.KOONTZ@COLORADO.EDU>

And now for something a little bit different ...

Here's some data from Dorsey 1890/1891 on the use of e'=waN 'because'.
This stuff is in a preliminary format - my apologies.  It was assembled to
supplement an interesting e'=gaN :: e'=waN pair suggested by Kathy Shea at
the recent Dhegiha working meeting (Niskidhe).

E'waN


Wadha'the bdha'the=dhaN e'   gaN'=dha=  tt=      egaN
Food      I eat    the  that he desires IRREALIS HAVING

e'=waN  gaN' t?e'=  tta=the.
because so   he die shall.
\rf jod 1890:356.6

What is function of e' here?  'It is the food that I eat'?
What about e'=waN gaN'?  because-HAVING?
Cf. next sentences also with e'=waN gaN', punctuated as given by Dorsey.

------------------------------------------------

PpaN'kka=ama e'=waN  gaN',
Ponkas   the because so,

UmaN'haN=ama we'naxidha'=bi=ama.
Omahas   the attacked them  they say.
\rf jod 1890:405.4

------------------------------------------------

S^aN'ge=ama ppa'hi was^kaN'ttonga=i e'=waN          gaN',
Horse   the neck   it was strong    being the cause so,

a'kkusaNde         gi'?iN       adha'=i.
to him and beyond  carrying him it went.
\rf jod 1890:463.15-16

The man's horse ran away with him and carried him into some Dakotas.

------------------------------------------------

S^aN' wisi'dha=i=      the,
Yet   I remembered you when,

me'=adi     u's^kaN wiN' S^aaN'= ama'=tta  phi'=     the
last spring deed    one  Dakotas the  to   I arrived when,

e'=waN' e'=gaN, ppi'=             kki,
because so,     I was coming back when,

u's^kaN z^u=az^i ga'gha=i.
deed    wrong    they did.
\rf jod 1890:512-9-513.1

What is e'=waN e'=gaN? because so?
I suspect that the first 'deed' is some kind of idiom I don't quite fathom.
I recall that celebrations are called 'doings' in English and I believe that
this is the corresponding form that Clifford Wolf used for that.  Could this
be 'when I arrived at a Dakhota doings last Spring'?
This is an example of ama + POSTPOSITION, perhaps because the possessor (here
more like a sponsor) is raised to head in a possessive phrase:  [the Dakotas
their doings] + to.
I think this is something like 'I remember you from when I went to a Dakota
doings last spring, because something bad happened on my way back.'

------------------------------------------------

Kki e'=  ama ha, kkaN'de niN'de=kki
And that the .   plum    ripe   when

a'gaha xu'de a'dhaha=dhiN
on it  gray  adheres the

e'=waN= ama Is^ti'niNkhe
because the Ishtinike
\rf jod 1890:561.16

Notice the embedded sentence initially, roughly "and that's why ?"
Notice e'=waN=ama, a continuative.
Notice dhiN as the article.

------------------------------------------------

DhaN'z^a e=da'=daN wiN' e'=waN=the'=s^te
Though   what      one  "is causing the trouble"

e'=gaN a'haN          e=bdh=e'=gaN.
so     ! (in thought) I think
\rf jod 1890:708.16-17

e'=waN=the=s^te is theoretically 'whatsoever upright cause'.
E=da=daN 'what (definite set?)' is like 'which' here.
Dorsey writes ebdhe'gaN.  I suspect e'=bdh e'=gaN with downstepping.

------------------------------------------------

Ppi'=az^i=the he'ga=z^i    ga'gha=i z^u'ga bdhu'ga.
Bad       the not a little was made body   whole.

We'naNz^u         akh        e'=waN=i.
Threshing-machine the (sub.) caused it.
\rf jod 1890:710.4-5

Proximate e'=waN=i?  'that (aforementioned) caused it'?
The use of the as the article in the preceding is also interesting.

------------------------------------------------

Ni'kkagahi=ama iNs^?a'ge=ama e'   e'=waN=i;
Chiefs     the old men   the that caused it;

a'=daN    ikha'ge=awa'dha=m=az^i,          ua'wakkia=m=az^i.
therefore I did not have them for friends, I did not speak to them.
\rf jod 1890:711.14-15

The e' is interesting.  Perhaps it forms something like 'it was (the chiefs,
the elders) who ?'?
This is the sort of structure that makes me thing a'=daN goes with the next
clause.
Fictive kinship (or something similar) with the causative 'I did not have
them as friends'.

------------------------------------------------

Ikha'ge=dhidhe=xti=             kki'=z^i,
They have you for real friends, when,

u's^kaN=ge  gi'ttexi=           ama ha'
deeds   the are hard for (them) the .

dhaN'z^a, ni'kkas^iNga j^u'ba e'=waN=i,
though,   person       some   they caused it,

ni'kkagahi=ma  wa'gdha=i,
chiefs     the they accuse them

dhidaN'ba=b=az^i     e' wakha'=i.
they did not see you it they mean.
\rf jod 1890:743.3-4

More fictive kinship, another 'deed' = 'doings' idiom, and another embedded
initial sentence (with ha').
Also a =kki=z^i 'when' clause, whatever that means.
I find this dhaNz^a and the other above both a bit puzzling, too.

------------------------------------------------

Spafford Woodhull iz^on'ge     abdhiN'=   dhin'khe=dhon'
Spafford Woodhull his daughter I have her the      in the past

iN't?e,     dhi=e'=waN=        z^aN.
dead to me, you have caused it you do
\rf jod 1890:771.8-9

Notice dhi=e'=waN=z^aN - the second person, so ?wi=e'=waN=maN should be the
first person.  Apparently the structure is INDEPT_PRO + e + w(a)-aN +
IMPERFECT.

------------------------------------------------

Kki s^aN' waba'gdheze a'dhade=the dhappi'=xti
And yet   book        reading the speaking it well

wase'kkaN adha'=i=  de   ebe'=waN=i                  e'=iN=the
rapidly   they went when who caused it (the trouble) it may be

waba'gdheze a'dhade tti'= the dhis^e'dhaN=i.
book        reading house the was broken up.
\rf jod 1891:35.3-5

Notice ebe'=waN.
This sentence also has =de which I think is the OP equivalent of c^ha as an
indefinite topic particle.  Here it's glossed when, but it is often 'but',
suggesting the 'surprising fact' tendency of c^ha.  The verb glossed 'went'
is glossed 'want' in the Archives.  Dorsey renders it "And yet when the
children were learning to speak English very well, and were improving
rapidly, for some cause or other the school-house was broken up."

------------------------------------------------

Kkaghe'gi?aN e=a'thaN xa'dha     kki'=i              a.
Flying Crow  why      back again he has reached home !

E=da'=daN e'=waN=   the wa'gazu  ana'?aN   kkaN'=bdha.
What      caused it the straight I hear it I wish
\rf jod 1891:112.17-18

Notice interrogative 'why' in mid-clause.
Cause clause embedded under na?aN 'to hear'.


From CRudin at wscgate.wsc.edu  Mon Apr 17 18:51:42 2000
From: CRudin at wscgate.wsc.edu (Catherine Rudin)
Date: Mon, 17 Apr 2000 13:51:42 -0500
Subject: Dhegiha
Message-ID: <MON.17.APR.2000.135142.0500.>

Dear Siouan listers --
Several of us got together about a week ago for an informal working session on
Dhegiha languages, especially Omaha-Ponca and Osage.  It turned out to be a
wonderfully energizing weekend.  There were a lot more questions than answers,
naturally, but we did at least sketch out some areas we all agree on and some
areas to work on. The following summary of the proceedings is based mostly on my
notes, with some additions and corrections from John Koontz.  We'd welcome
discussion from the rest of you on any of these issues, in Dhegiha or other
languages.    Catherine

 ==========================================================================
DHEGIHA WORKING GROUP, April 8-9 2000, Lincoln, NE "the Niskidhe Meeting"

participants:  Mark Awakuni-Swetland, Ardis Eschenberg, John Koontz, Carolyn
Quintero, Bob Rankin, Catherine Rudin, Kathy Shea.

I.  We started out by hearing Ardis' paper on the treatment of several morphemes
with multiple functions in Omaha-Ponca (egaN, ama, the) within two different
morphosyntactic theories (Anderson's A-morphous Morphology, Van Valin's Role &
Reference Grammar).  Conclusion:  neither theory is perfect, but both provide
useful insights. A revised version of the paper will be presented at CLS.

II.  The morning of 4/8 was mostly devoted to the definite article system.

What we know about the articles includes:
1.  The same forms are used as auxiliaries (or aux-like elements), at least in
Omaha-Ponca; the two sets of forms differ in Osage.  (Carolyn handed out charts
of the Osage articles and auxiliaries)
2.  The articles code position/shape/posture and other semantic/pragmatic
features, including at least some of the following:  proximate/obviative,
animacy, plurality, motion, possibly agency or subjecthood, dead/alive ('the
former,the late'), actively present/peripherally present/not visible, and/or
transitioning between "onstage" and "offstage".  We had a couple of different
attempts at classification on the board. Although the details of the whole
system need to be looked at further, we basically agreed that some notion of
proximate/obviative plays a central role, as Ardis first suggested at last
year's Siouan & Caddoan conference.
3.  The question arose of how far the system has progressed toward being an
arbitrary noun-classifier system (i.e. does each noun have a "usual"
classifer/article?)  It seems the system is (still) very much semantically/
pragmatically based & article choice depends on the role of the noun in a given
context:  we found animate wes?a 'snake' used with khe (D27.1), dhaNkha
(D169.11), akha (D90.3), and thaN (D190.4), and inanimate, abstract  wadhathe
'food' used with khe, dhaN, the, and ge.   We did also discover a certain degree
of arbitrariness, in that the choice of 'lying' vs. 'sitting' (horizontal vs.
round) seems somewhat arbitrary at times, e.g., dhaN 'round' for individual
items of clothing (hiNbe 'moccasin', uthaN 'leggings', waiN 'blanket/robe', and
the preference for ge 'scattered' in plurals of these.  However, 'clothing' used
the (vertical).
4.  We discussed the neat little quirk of the system that each of
lie-sit-stand-disperse (sometimes?) functions as the plural of the preceding
one, i.e. the article for a collocation of lying objects is the "sit" article.
One example was hiNbe dhaN 'the moccasin'/hiNbe the 'the moccasins'. Kathy
provided an example z^aN khe 'the (stick of) wood'/z^aN the 'the stack of wood'
that may show that this series is at least partly due to tendencies in
patterning of shapes of collections rather than to grammaticalization of genders
in singluar/plural pairs.

Other questions (some unanswered) about articles:

-Are OP akha/ama really animate?  (Carolyn considers the corresponding Osage
akxa/apa not necessarily animate; we didn't answer for OP; Ardis says inanimates
with akha are personified)

-Is akha always singular?  (NO.  We saw numerous examples in a text with akha
referring to two people.  Did we get clear examples without a number?)

Is ama always plural or moving?  (No)

-Is there an animate "lying" form in OP?  (YES; the example with snakes:  wes?a
khe; John thinks corpses can be referred to with khe too.)

-Is the future/modal tta always followed by an article?  (No.  It can be
followed by evidential the in the sense 'shall surely, will certainly'.  It can
be used in 2nd person with no article in the sense 'please'.  There may be other
cases of tta without article as well.)

-Are there inanimate subjects?  We didn't find any clear examples (as indicated
by the article, assuming articles code subjecthood).  What about obviative
subjects?  The role of grammatical relations in the whole system is unclear.

-How can the occurrence of akha and ama with following postpositions be
explained?  (This seems odd since akha and ama are otherwise only used with
proximate subjects; a postposition seems to imply an oblique context...)


III.  In the afternoon we talked mostly about the auxiliary syatem.

One issue was how this ties in with the article system.

Another was meanings of particular auxiliaries.  For instance, we discussed
whether akha/ama are always "continuative".  An issue that needs more work is
how the semantics/pragmatics of the article and aux systems mesh with each
other.  John has determined that all of the inanimate articles occur as both
temporal clause markers and evidentials.  But what determines which one is used
when?  Catherine has an old Siouan conference paper that raises some of these
questions but doesn't answer most of them.

We also discussed the "habitual/usually" aux -naN- which apparently has two
incarnations, a "habitual" historically derived from *shnaN, which is
invariable, and one that I've mysteriously glossed "do be" in my notes,
historically from *naN, which conjugates:  maN/zhaN/naN in Quapaw, maN/zhaN/dhaN
(?)in Omaha-Ponca.  Both forms show up in the 1st person habitual ending
-naN=maN in O-P.  Both the full paradigms and the usage of these forms need
further investigation.

Other auxiliaries inflect too.  A couple of examples are:
    thaN: 1 athaNhe     dhiN:   1   adhiNhe
        2   dhathaNshe          2       dhadhiNshe
        3   thaN                3   dhiN
        4   aNgathaN            4   aNgadhiN

There was also some discussion of causatives, most of which I didn't take notes
on.  One example was uhi=a=dhe 'grow up=1sg=cause' "I raised them"

IV.  On Sunday morning we had a whirlwind tour of several topics:

1.  John gave us a tutorial on verb conjugations in O-P, the first time I've
ever seen all of the conjugation patterns in one place (Very useful!) and the
first time I've understood that, aside from the regular active and stative
patterns, only the "dh-active" conjugation (bdh-/n-/dh-/aNdh-)is used for more
than 2 or 3 verbs.  (Admittedly, there are lots of b-stem verbs, but they're all
formed with ba- or bi- instrumentals.  And of course the irregular conjugations
are very common verbs.)

We had some discussion of the -i (and accompanying ablaut) which John wrote at
the end of 3sg and all plural forms in all conjugations.  This is usually not
pronounced in 3sg in Omaha, unless followed by another suffix or clitic (eg.
the:  dhathe but dhatha=i=the '3sg ate').  However, it apparently is regularly
pronounced in Ponca even with nothing following, and occurs regularly in the
Dorsey texts.

2.  Bob explained all the different "kki" forms -- the suus (reflexive
possessive), dative, ...  I'd like to know more about how these forms are used,
i.e. their morpho/syntacto/pragmatic behavior.

3.  We had a brief session on subordination & clause structure, basically just
raising some questions.  What we actually know about Dhegiha syntax is very
small.  Here's a list of known facts-- ALL of which actually need further
checking out.
    -O-P is strongly right-headed (i.e. left-branching).  At the clause level,
this includes being usually verb-final, with aux's following V and subordinators
following the whole clause.
    -however, there are exceptions:  postverbal constituents are quite common
(about 10% of all sentences in a count Catherine once did) and there may be
other non-head-final constructions too.
    -there are various kinds of subordinators with different properties (e.g.
they differ in what the clause they attach to may contain (modal or aspectual
clitics, etc) and also in what role the clause plays within the higher sentence
(adverbial vs. nominal)
    -O-P is a "null subject" and "null object" language; presumably a pronominal
argument language in Jelinek's sense?

Catherine listed some basic questions that need to be addressed to understand
subordination:
    -What are the subordinators?  (There are several types:  some are (or at
least look like) articles; others are adverbial/postpositional; is there
anything like a neutral complementizer?)
    -What are the clauses themselves?  (Some are arguments (or coreferential to
pronominal arguments); others are adjuncts of various kinds)
    -What is the internal structure of subordinate clauses? (Different from that
of main clauses?  One difference may be that postverbal constituents are not or
less easily possible)

We briefly discussed (so called) internal headed relative clauses, clauses with
ewaN vs. egaN in Kathy's Ponca data, how to tell whether a particle is
clause-final or is initial to the following clause.

=================
An issue which pervaded the weekend in spite of not being an "official" topic
(we'd agreed NOT to get bogged down in it) was orthography.  Kathy distributed
the new Ponca teaching materials (in draft form), written in the newly adopted
Ponca alphabet (Fletcher & LaFlesche with modifications including long vowels &
aspiration).  Ardis has begun using the slightly different F&L-based alphabet
currently in use at UmoNhoN Nation school.  Carolyn's Osage teaching materials
use an alphabet that seems closer to the academic Siouan orthography.  The main
problem we ran into in switching from one system to another was "th" which can
be edh or aspirated t.
    Pedagogical issues got discussed some too; several of us are involved in
teaching and/or developing teaching materials for a Dhegiha language and
thinking about how to teach Dhegiha grammar to children or non-linguist adults.
    Phonetics came up here and there, especially the fact that Omaha and Ponca
seem to have vowel length and contour pitch accent -- Do they always go
together?  Should they be written?

===============
A fine time was had by all, the accomodations, meeting space, food, etc. were
great (thanks to Mark, our local host), and I think we all learned a lot.

As I said at the beginning of this (long -- sorry!) message, we're now throwing
all of this open for discussion on the Siouan list & await your comments!


From rood at spot.Colorado.EDU  Mon Apr 24 14:25:09 2000
From: rood at spot.Colorado.EDU (ROOD DAVID S)
Date: Mon, 24 Apr 2000 08:25:09 -0600
Subject: Clerical help
Message-ID: <MON.24.APR.2000.082509.0600.>

Dear Siouanists,
	I started to work with the mailing list for the Siouan/Caddoan
conference this weekend, so that people who aren't on this list or the
SSILA one would get a notice about the conference (very late, I know), and
I found it was a real problem: as nearly as I can tell, I haven't updated
it in several years.  Most of the people on it whose names I don't
recognize are folks that were added by some of you off and on over the
years.
	I am going to send about 30 letters this week to people I suspect
are not getting the email notices, but I need your help again to try to
get the word out to everyone who might want to be informed.  Please do two
things: tell your colleagues, and tell me about regular mail recipients
(especially speakers or tribal education departments or cultural
preservation programs) who should be on the list.  Don't worry about
duplication -- I can sort that out.
	Thanks.
	DAvid

David S. Rood
Dept. of Linguistics
Univ. of Colorado
Campus Box 295
Boulder, CO 80309-0295
USA
rood at colorado.edu


From CRudin at wscgate.wsc.edu  Mon Apr 24 18:53:30 2000
From: CRudin at wscgate.wsc.edu (Catherine Rudin)
Date: Mon, 24 Apr 2000 13:53:30 -0500
Subject: Clerical help
Message-ID: <MON.24.APR.2000.135330.0500.>

Do you have Jerome Kills Small on your list?  I could dig for a better address
for him, but Native American Studies, U. South Dakota, Vermillion, SD would
reach him.

Vida Stabler, c/o Umonhon Nation School Culture Center, Macy, NE 68039
    vstabler at esu1.edu
John Mangan, also c/o the school
Dennis Hastings, RR1, Box 79A, Walthill, NE 68067  (?? Old address, but I think
it still works)


____________________Reply Separator____________________
Subject:    Clerical help
Author: siouan at lists.Colorado.EDU
Date:       4/24/00 8:25 AM

Dear Siouanists,
        I started to work with the mailing list for the Siouan/Caddoan
conference this weekend, so that people who aren't on this list or the
SSILA one would get a notice about the conference (very late, I know), and
I found it was a real problem: as nearly as I can tell, I haven't updated
it in several years.  Most of the people on it whose names I don't
recognize are folks that were added by some of you off and on over the
years.
        I am going to send about 30 letters this week to people I suspect
are not getting the email notices, but I need your help again to try to
get the word out to everyone who might want to be informed.  Please do two
things: tell your colleagues, and tell me about regular mail recipients
(especially speakers or tribal education departments or cultural
preservation programs) who should be on the list.  Don't worry about
duplication -- I can sort that out.
        Thanks.
        DAvid

David S. Rood
Dept. of Linguistics
Univ. of Colorado
Campus Box 295
Boulder, CO 80309-0295
USA
rood at colorado.edu


From John.Koontz at colorado.edu  Thu Apr 27 15:19:24 2000
From: John.Koontz at colorado.edu (Koontz John E)
Date: Thu, 27 Apr 2000 09:19:24 -0600
Subject: Omaha-Ponca "Evidential" *the*
Message-ID: <THU.27.APR.2000.091924.0600.>

This was originally circulated among a subset of the Siouan List
subscribers interested in Dhegiha.  I thought it might be of wider
interest, and I know that some folks with Dhegiha interests aren't part of
the smaller group, which was just those folks who participated in the
informal Lincoln or Niskidhe meeting.

On Tue, 25 Apr 2000, Robert L. Rankin wrote:
> And re our last meeting, I was looking over my Kaw texts and find that the
> particle /the/ that we labeled 'evidential' is consistently used by Kaws
> in contexts where they did not in any sense witness the event; it is
> merely a traditional narrative situation. Someone else (Boas, Dorsey??)
> labeled it 'narrative' mode.  This would fit the Kaw usage better.  I know
> nothing about Omaha/Ponca usage though.

Dorsey basically claims that *the* marks a past tense.  He may use the
term narrative past tense.  I'm going to have to look that up if I try to
compile anything on the problem.  I think the source is his ms. grammar,
though it may be a footnote in the texts.  Narrative as a gloss doesn't
work in OP, as the sentences occur outside of strictly narrative contexts,
though one can always claim that the occurrence is a narrative sequence of
length 1.  Granted some narratives of personal experience or
non-traditional fiction fairly bristle with *the*.

I think I am wholely responsible for initiating any trend to refer to the
*the* marker as 'evidential'.  Anyway, I'll take the credit/blame insofar
as Dorsey can't.  The sense is somewhat different from the generic meaning
of the term evidential, which should, of course, refer to all kinds of
evidentiary markings and meaning as a class.  I just mean "a marker
meaning something like 'evidently'."  Initially I always glossed it EVID
for 'evidently'.  I'm not clear when I started saying 'evidential', though
I think this was secondary and an accident.

I had also noticed that 'past' didn't seem to apply in any meaningful way.
One day I noticed that 'it seems that' or 'apparently, seeingly,
evidently' pretty much fit wherever *the* occurred and, pursuing the
issue, that *the* occurred in sentences where speakers didn't use the
declarative, where they apparently hadn't witnessed the event, but only
its consequences, or wished you as the hearer to take that point of view,
and that *the* was also largely, though not entirely, in opposition to the
quotative *ama*, too.  It can occur inside it, apparently as a quoted
evidential.

N.B.  Ardis Eschenberg pointed out subsequently that *the* does occur with
the declarative.  JEK

Note that this sort of pattern is very similar (apart from the issue of
the declarative and quotative) to the pattern of the perfect in Turkish
(and generally in Caucasian, Turkic, and Iranian languages of the Mideast
and Central Eurasia).  Actually, it's not too different from the sense of
the perfect in English, though there the emphasis is is less on evidence
and more on states arising from past events.  Still, this seems primarily
a matter of emphasis in description, coupled with the need to distinguish
'must have Xed' from 'has Xed' in English.

Naturally, these observations remain at the hypothetical level.  I haven't
tried (or really had the opportunity) to verify this in elicitation,
though it should be easy enough to verify.  I can't say that the method of
analysis is one that I'd be thrilled to defend against all comers in an
open forum, it being about as mentalistic as they come, but I must say
that it works pretty well and (apart from the absence opportunities for
testing) it's not too different from the way I learned the semantics of
English.  As in the latter case, the faint glimmerings of comprehension
that come to me don't always lead to a lucid explanation.

JEK


From kdshea at falcon.cc.ukans.edu  Thu Apr 27 16:31:09 2000
From: kdshea at falcon.cc.ukans.edu (SHEA KATHLEEN DORETTE)
Date: Thu, 27 Apr 2000 11:31:09 -0500
Subject: Clerical help
In-Reply-To: <002DB60C.C21368@wscgate.wsc.edu>
Message-ID: <THU.27.APR.2000.113109.0500.>

Jerome Kills Small's e-mail address is jkillsma at usd.edu.

Kathy Shea

On Mon, 24 Apr 2000, Catherine Rudin wrote:

> Do you have Jerome Kills Small on your list?  I could dig for a better address
> for him, but Native American Studies, U. South Dakota, Vermillion, SD would
> reach him.
>
> Vida Stabler, c/o Umonhon Nation School Culture Center, Macy, NE 68039
>     vstabler at esu1.edu
> John Mangan, also c/o the school
> Dennis Hastings, RR1, Box 79A, Walthill, NE 68067  (?? Old address, but I think
> it still works)
>
>
> ____________________Reply Separator____________________
> Subject:    Clerical help
> Author: siouan at lists.Colorado.EDU
> Date:       4/24/00 8:25 AM
>
> Dear Siouanists,
>         I started to work with the mailing list for the Siouan/Caddoan
> conference this weekend, so that people who aren't on this list or the
> SSILA one would get a notice about the conference (very late, I know), and
> I found it was a real problem: as nearly as I can tell, I haven't updated
> it in several years.  Most of the people on it whose names I don't
> recognize are folks that were added by some of you off and on over the
> years.
>         I am going to send about 30 letters this week to people I suspect
> are not getting the email notices, but I need your help again to try to
> get the word out to everyone who might want to be informed.  Please do two
> things: tell your colleagues, and tell me about regular mail recipients
> (especially speakers or tribal education departments or cultural
> preservation programs) who should be on the list.  Don't worry about
> duplication -- I can sort that out.
>         Thanks.
>         DAvid
>
> David S. Rood
> Dept. of Linguistics
> Univ. of Colorado
> Campus Box 295
> Boulder, CO 80309-0295
> USA
> rood at colorado.edu
>


From ponka at kskc.net  Fri Apr 28 15:41:19 2000
From: ponka at kskc.net (Horseshoe Man)
Date: Fri, 28 Apr 2000 10:41:19 -0500
Subject: Passing of Last Kaw Full-Blood
Message-ID: <FRI.28.APR.2000.104119.0500.>

Last pure-blooded Kaw Indian dies

April 27, 2000
Web posted at: 11:34 AM EDT (1534 GMT)

OMAHA, Nebraska (AP) -- The last pure-blooded member of the Kaw Nation,
the tribe that gave the state of Kansas its name, has died at age 82.

William Mehojah, who died Sunday, was one of only about 2,500 people on
Kaw Nation tribal rolls. Most have only a fraction of Kaw blood.

The tribe -- previously known as the Konza, Kanza or Kansa -- at one
time stretched over 20 million acres across northern Kansas into
Nebraska and Missouri. By 1825, westward expansion reduced that land to
2 million acres. The tribe moved to what is now the Kansas, or Kaw,
River valley in the early 1800s.

In 1873, the federal government moved the tribe to a 100,000-acre
reservation in northern Oklahoma. By this time disease had reduced the
number of Kaw to about 700, said JoAnn Obregon, a member of the Kaw
executive council. About 600 live on the former reservation land today.

Only four pure-blooded Kaw were left five years ago: Mehojah, his
brother and two nephews. Mehoja's last surviving nephew died two years
ago.

Mehojah served in the Army during World War II, then worked for 35 years
with the Bureau of Indian Affairs in Montana, the Dakotas, Idaho and
Arizona, where he retired in 1976.

He and his wife, Fredericka, moved to Omaha a year ago to be closer to
their daughter, the Rev. Sandra Mehojah, project coordinator for the
Omaha School  District's Indian education office.

Survivors include his wife and three children.


From cqcq at compuserve.com  Fri Apr 28 20:21:36 2000
From: cqcq at compuserve.com (Carolyn)
Date: Fri, 28 Apr 2000 16:21:36 -0400
Subject: Passing of Last Kaw Full-Blood
Message-ID: <FRI.28.APR.2000.162136.0400.>

There's an article about this in the Tulsa World today April 28, if anyone
wants more ino.
Carolyn

Carolyn Quintero
cqcq at compuserve.com