More Dhegiha Evidentials

[Koontz John E]

Naturally, these examples will please Dhegiha students more than others,
but I thought they might be interesting to anyone who was at the
Conference as a supplement to the paper I presented there.

Example of ge as evidential.

Kansas e=di'=ge=             s^te=aN.
Kansas they must be in some places. (of winter hides)
       there EVID(scattered) so-ever
jod 1891:19.3

The translation in 'must be' is Dorsey's.


More use of 'must be'

Dhe'=the e'=the=    a'na, e=dh=e'=gaN=bi=ama nu'=akha.
This     it must be !     thought they say   the man
jod 1890:149.10-11

Note first person inflection of article *the* as *athe* in next set.

Na!  agdha'the  athe',       e'=     ama.
Why! I ate mine I must have, said he they say.

Na!  agdha'sniN=kki        az^aN'  athe',      e'=     ama.
Why! when I swallowed mine I slept I must have he said they say
jod 1890:63.5-6


In Future of Surity

The future of surity 'shall surely' consists of tta FUTURE + the
EVIDENTIAL usually.  Here is an example or two with tta + khe.
I looked for tta + dhaN or tta + ge without any luck.

e=da'=daN ua'z^i= tta=khe'=   s^ti waN'gidhe oN?i'=i:
what      I plant will surely too  all       he has given to me:
jod 1890:518.3


MaNdhiN'c^hakki iNs^?a'ge t?e'=tta=khe.
Manthin tcaki   old man   will surely die as he reclines
jod 1890:765.8


Dhi'daNbe  gaN'=dha=xti            e'=de  a'?aNz^i
To see you she had a strong desire but    she, being unsuccessful

t?e'=tta=khe.
she will surely die as she reclines.
jod 1890:775.6


With Presentative, both *khe* and *the* in parallel

Si    wac^hi's^ka wiN ed=e=di'=khe', ama;
Again creek       one  there it was,  they say;

s^i   tti' wiN' ed=e=di'=the'=ama.
again tent one  it was there, they say.
jod 1890:150.5-6


MaNc^hu'=khe  idha=bi=ama.
Grizzly bear  he found, they say.

Ga=the=di    MaNc^hu'      e=d=e=di'=khe.
In that place Grizzly bear there he is lying.
jod 1890:287.5