Lakota phonetics

[Rankin, Robert L.]

> I wouldn't say "moved rightward" but "kept it where it is in the
unprefixed form" since for us, at least, the prefix is a consonant and not
a syllable. This difference between Dakotan and Dhegiha is obviously the
reason all of this discussion has been so confused. In Lakota, bl clearly
does NOT function like an underlying syllable for stress assignment
purposes, as Willem and I asserted at the beginning.

Yes, that's partly to blame for the confusion, but there does seem to be a difference in the way Dakotan treats 1st person sg. forms of Y-stem verbs, like bluhA, on the one hand and the way it treats lexemes in which initial bl- is always a part of the stem on the other hand.

Where bl- is the product of 1sg inflection, accent always behaves according to the 2nd syll. assignment rule.

Where bl- is organic to the word/stem it treats b as a separate syllable from l in most cases.  I used the Univ. of Colorado Siouan Archive's version of Buechel for the statistics.  The data follow.  The items that do not support the two-syllable analysis of bl- are highlighted.  Most such exceptions seem to be reduplications, i.e., not really exceptions, but there are several prominent cases where accent has shifted to the second syllable, and in those instances I think we do have to speak of a shift or movement.


blabláta  Engl. an upland plain  class  n.  p. 110

blaská  Engl. flat, as a board  class  adj.  v. also  bláska  E.g. blaskáska  class  adj. red.  p. 110

blaskáya  Engl. flatly, on the flat side  class  adv.  p. 110

bláxa  Engl. broad at one end, tapering  class  adj.  v. also  blága  p. 110

bláya  Engl. level, plain  class  adj.  E.g. - hįgla  ‘he feels good  E.g. Wašpąka ognake kʼų tąyą

bláye  Engl. a plain  class  n.  p. 110

bláye zitkátacą hu stóla  Engl. hairy prairie clover  petalostemum villosum the pulse

bláyela  Engl. levelly, plain  class  adj.  p. 110

bláyeya  Engl. evenly  class  adv.  p. 110

blazáhą  Engl. ripped open of itself, torn open  class  part.  p. 110

ble  Engl. a lake  class  n.  p. 110

blebléca  class  adj. red. of bleca  p. 110

bleblécahą  class  part. red. of blecahą́  p. 110

bleblešya  Engl. to amuse one  class  v. red.  v. also  blesya  E.g. bleblesicʼiya  ‘he amuses,

blecá  Engl. getting poorer and poorer, as from sickness  class  adv.  v. also  mableca  p. 110

blecáhą  Engl. broken of itself  class  part.  p. 110

bléga  Engl. the American white pelican, a large whitish water-bird with white spots  class

bleíyoka  Engl. little pools alongside a creek filled with weeds  class  n.  v. also  miniyušpala

bleíyoškokpa  Engl. a buffalo wallow or hole where the water gathers after a rain  class

blekhíyute  Engl. an isthmus, a strait or channel in a lake  class  n.  v. also  ble and kiyute  p.

bléla  Engl. a little lake, a pond  class  n.  p. 111

bleókaxmi  Engl. a bog or beech  class  n.  p. 111

bleóškokpa  Engl. a lake basin  class  n.  p. 111

bleš  class  adj.  v. also  cont. of bleza  p. 111

blesyá  Engl. make clear, cause to recover from stupidity  class  v.a.  E.g. bleswáya  Engl.

bleyáta  Engl. at the lake  class  adv.  p. 111

bléza  Engl. clear, clear-sighted  class  adj.  E.g. išta -  ‘sober  E.g. mabléza  E.g. wicableza sʼe

bléza, but more probably blóza  Engl. a loon, the great Northern Diver  class  n.  p. 111

blézesni  Engl. desperate, reckless  class  adj.  E.g. - sʼe šką  ‘he acted excitedly  p. 111

blézicʼiya  Engl. recruit, restore one's health  class  v.  p. 111

blihéca  Engl. be lively or active, industrious  E.g. mablíheca  E.g. niblíheca  E.g. ųblíhecapi

blihéicʼiya  Engl. take exercise, practise, exert one's self  class  v. reflex.  p. 111

blihel´heca  class  v.  v. also  red. of bliheca  p. 111

blihel´ya  Engl. in a lively manner  class  adv.  p. 111

blihéya  Engl. make active, industrious  class  v.a.  E.g. blihéwaya  E.g. blihéicʼiya, or blihícʼiya

bló  Engl. a ridge or range of hills  the word has been used with reference to the Black

bloákatą  Engl. cultivate potatoes, by making hills around plants  class  v.  p. 111

bloáliya  Engl. along the ridge  class  adv.  p. 111

bloblóska  Engl. the trachea tube  class  n.  p. 111

blogyą́ka  Engl. remain at home when others go out to hunt  class  v.n.  E.g. blogmą́ka  E.g.

blóhu  Engl. potato-tops  edible  class  n.  p. 111

bloípatą  Engl. a potato masher  class  n.  p. 111

bloká  Engl. the male of animals  class  n.  p. 111

blokásak  Engl. a belch  class  n.  p. 111

blokáska  Engl. hiccup, hiccough  class  v.i. and t.  E.g. blowákaska  E.g. blowakaska lo talo

blokécokąyą  Engl. mid-summer  class  n.  p. 111

blokéhą  Engl. last summer  class  n.  p. 111

blokétu  Engl. summer, next summer, this summer  class  n.  p. 111

blókitʼa  Engl. be very tired or weary, as by walking, carrying a load  class  v.  E.g. blómakitʼe

blopáhi agúyapi  Engl. potato-picking bread  class  n.  p. 111

blotáhųka  Engl. a chief, the leader of a war party  class  n.  E.g. Tuwa wazuya itącą ca he - .

blową́žila  Engl. a divide, a single upland plain between streams, top of a ridge  class  n.  v.

blóza  Engl. the pelican  a big gray-black water bird with a long bill  the Indians used to

blú  Engl. powdered, pulverized, fine  class  adj.  E.g. aguyapi -  ‘flour  E.g. maka -  ‘dust  p. 111

blublú  Engl. mellow and dry, as apples or turnips  class  adj. red.  v. also  blu  class  v. 1st pers.

bluyéla  Engl. in a powdered, pulverized condition  class  adv.  v. also  - kaga  p. 112

mna  Engl. to swell  class  v.n.  E.g. šupe mnala yelo.  v. also  yumna  p. 337

mnahą́  Engl. a rip  class  n.  Engl. ripped of itself  class  part.  E.g. mnahą́hą  v. also  red. of

mnaícʼiya  Engl. to gather for one's self  class  v.  p. 337

mnakhíya  Engl. to take up a collection for one; to gather one's own  class  v.a.  E.g. Waxpaye

mnaxcáxca  Engl. the prairie lily  the word is perhaps not used  class  n.  p. 337

mnayą́  Engl. to gather together, collect  class  v.a.  E.g. mnawaya  E.g. mnaųyąpi  E.g. mnayą́pi

mni  Engl. water  class  n.  Engl. to lay up to dry, spread out in the sun to dry  class  v.a.

mni  v. also  yumni  p. 337

mniáli  Engl. To travel over the water.  class  v.  E.g. žąxpą - įyąke  i.e. ‘moving over the

mnihípi sʼe  Engl. Flooding, seeping in, as water into a house.  class  adv.  p. 815

mnixáxa  Engl. To run with water.  class  v.  E.g. Išta - mąke  ‘My eyes are running with

mniyósniya  Engl. To make the water very cool, to cool water, to become cool water  class

mniyóxcaya  Engl. Full of water, tears.  class  adv.  E.g. Išta - waceyakiye  i.e. ‘with eyes full of

mnúga  Engl. to crunch, as a horse does in eating corn  class  v.  p. 340

mnúmnus  Engl. to creak  class  v.  E.g. - hįgla  ‘to creak suddenly, as a piece of wood when

mnux  v. also  cont. of mnuga  E.g. mnuxmnúga  class  v. red. of mnuga  v. also  mnuga  v. also



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