Lakota/Dakota questions

[voorhis at WESTMAN.WAVE.CA]

Dave,

Xtanihan wakhuwa yai he.  'Did you go hunting yesterday?'
xtanihan 'yesterday'
wa- indefinite object 'something, someone'
khuwa 'hunt' transitive verb
ya- 'you' subject
i 'go and arrive, go (perfective)'
he question marker

Iyamayakipha oyakihi he.  'Can you wait for me?'
iya-kiphe/a 'wait for' transitive verb
ma- 'me' object
ya- 'you' subject
o-kihi 'be able to'
ya- 'you' subject
he question marker

iya-kiphe/a is evidently composed historically of i- 'by means of',
a-phe/a 'await', and ki- 'to, for' (benefactive).  I'm not sure how
aware contemporary speakers are of all the components in this verb, though.

o-kihi appears to consist historically of o- 'in' and kihi 'grow up
(?)'.  Again, I'm not sure how many speakers would recognize this etymology.

Paul

On 5/20/2014 10:57 AM, David Kaufman wrote:
> Thank you, Paul and Jan, for the translations.  Would you be able to
>  provide a morpheme-by-morpheme gloss of the sentences?  This will go
> a long way in helping me to compare with Dhegiha.
>
> Dave
>
> David Kaufman Linguistic Anthropology PhD candidate, University of
> Kansas Director, Kaw Nation Language Program
>
>
> On Tue, May 20, 2014 at 12:10 AM, Jan Ullrich <jfu at lakhota.org
> <mailto:jfu at lakhota.org>> wrote:
>
> David,____
>
> __ __
>
> Below are the Lakota translations of the sentences. ____
>
> Sentence (2) has at least three possible translations, depending on
> what you mean.____
>
> Let me know if you need more specific annotation for any of the words
> or any other additional info.____
>
> __ __
>
> Jan____
>
> __ __
>
> __ __
>
> 1) This morning I went hunting.____
>
> __ __
>
> Híŋhaŋni wakhúl omáwani.____
>
> morning / shooting things / I walked about____
>
> __ __
>
> 2) I cannot cook____
>
> __ __
>
> a) Lol’íȟaŋpi uŋmáspe šni. – I don’t know how to cook.____
>
> Cooking / I know how / not____
>
> __ __
>
> b) Lol’íwaȟ’aŋ owákihi šni. – I can’t cook (I am unable at the moment
> or under given circumstances).____
>
> I cook / I can / not____
>
> __ __
>
> c) Tókheni(š) lol’íwaȟ’aŋ šni. – There is no way I could cook (under
> given circumstance).____
>
> In no way / I cook / not____
>
> __ __
>
> (Also, there are a number of verbs for “to cook“, although the one I
> used is most common today.)____
>
> __ __
>
> 3) I came chasing someone.____
>
> __ __
>
> Tuwá khuwá awáhi.____
>
> Someone / chasing him / I brought him____
>
> __ __
>
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