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<DIV><SPAN class=260194222-11122003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>I
think the use of *extra* wa in Osage adds the sense of 'around' as in 'ask
around' and 'paint around on things' or some such and alludes to repeating
the action. So maybe 'asking and asking', or 'painting and
painting'. I don't have the example at hand but seem to remember 'to see
things' (over a period of time on different occasions) being wawedhe, with two
instances of wa:</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=260194222-11122003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>wa wa
iidhe, with iidhe 'see'. The gloss would be something like 'he's been
seeing things'. One wa is the valence reducer "things" and one is a sort
of multiplier of instances of the verb, as I see it.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=260194222-11122003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=260194222-11122003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>In the
house-painting example and the picture-paining example with "extra" wa, do the
speakers conceive of the action happening in several instances? Is the
actor sort of painting around on the house or the picture at different settings
(though not necessarily with the informality implied in English by "painting
around") ?</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=260194222-11122003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=260194222-11122003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2>Carolyn </FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV class=OutlookMessageHeader dir=ltr align=left><FONT face=Tahoma
size=2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B>
owner-siouan@lists.colorado.edu [mailto:owner-siouan@lists.colorado.edu]<B>On
Behalf Of </B>REGINA PUSTET<BR><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, December 11, 2003 3:22
PM<BR><B>To:</B> siouan@lists.colorado.edu<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: Lakota wa-
'variety object'<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV>Such case marking splits can be found in many languages, and one way
of accounting for the particular type of split you quote from Russian is by
means of the semantic parameter of affectedness of the object. More examples
can be found in Hopper & Thompson's (1980) Language paper. But judging by
the way affectedness of O is described in the literature, I'm not exactly sure
if this characterizes the Lakota situation. So according to "affectedness
theory", the standard transitive object case (mostly ACC) denotes action that
has a quite thorough impact on the O, while the oblique (often INSTRumental)
indicates a partial impact. My impression from working with Lakota, however,
is that "variety wa-" actually emphasizes the notion of internal
diversity in the object, rather than less effective, less
thorough, less completive action. </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Regina</DIV>
<DIV><BR><B><I>"R. Rankin" <rankin@ku.edu></I></B> wrote:</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE class=replbq
style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid"><BR>>
But the 'paint the picture with many colors'<BR>example needs
musing.<BR><BR>My Dakotan muse has deserted me, but I'm reminded<BR>of a
sort of construction found in Slavic.<BR>Russian doesn't have the same sorts
of pronominal<BR>arguments and/or valence markers, but it does
have<BR>special ways of distinguishing "I painted the<BR>house" from "I
painted here and there on the<BR>house", and it does this with case
selection.<BR><BR>"I painted the house" will have 'house' in
the<BR>accusative case.<BR><BR>"I painted about the house" or the like can
have<BR>'house' in the instrumental case if memory serves.<BR><BR>Or, "I
threw the stone" -- 'stone' is accusative.<BR><BR>But "I tossed stones
around" -- 'stones' is<BR>instrumental.<BR><BR>Languages seem to have
interesting special ways of<BR>doing what we're calling "various ways"
in<BR>Dakotan.<BR><BR>Bob<BR><BR></BLOCKQUO! TE>
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