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<DIV><SPAN class=160495122-11122003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>These
would lend themselves to the following glosses:</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=160495122-11122003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=160495122-11122003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>they
laugh at folks and laugh at folks </FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=160495122-11122003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>they
decide-for-others things and decide-for-others things</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=160495122-11122003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2>he cheats folks and cheats folks</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=160495122-11122003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=160495122-11122003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>or the
equivalent expressions in English with "around". Neither type of gloss is
completely adequate.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=160495122-11122003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=160495122-11122003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>where
one wa is the "things" or "folks" valence reducer;</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=160495122-11122003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2> and</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=160495122-11122003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>the
other wa multiplies the instances of the action</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=160495122-11122003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=160495122-11122003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2>Carolyn</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=160495122-11122003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=160495122-11122003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=160495122-11122003><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<DIV class=OutlookMessageHeader dir=ltr align=left><FONT face=Tahoma
size=2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B>
owner-siouan@lists.colorado.edu [mailto:owner-siouan@lists.colorado.edu]<B>On
Behalf Of </B>REGINA PUSTET<BR><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, December 11, 2003 4:16
PM<BR><B>To:</B> siouan@lists.colorado.edu<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: Lakota wa-
'variety object'<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE class=replbq
style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid">
<P><BR>I looked for additional examples of wawe'- and turned
up:<BR><BR>wawe'xaxa=i 'they are laughers at them' (they scorn various
things about<BR>people?)<BR>< i'xa 'to laugh at'<BR><BR>wawe'dhigdhaN=i
'rulers' (those who decide [various things?] for people)<BR>< i'dhigdhaN
'to decide for someone'<BR><BR>wawe'k[k]it[t]at[t]a 'a deceiver' (he cheats
people [in various ways?])<BR>< i'k[k]it[t]e 'to cheat'<BR><BR>It seems
particularly significant that two of the three examples
involve<BR>reduplication. However, all of these examples involve at least
an<BR>implicit 'them', also marked with wa- in Dhegiha.<BR>======</P>
<DIV>That's interesting because in Lakota, wa- seems to have inanimate
reference only. So OP wa- seems to have developed differently, semantically
speaking, than Lakota wa-. (Which of course leaves the chicken-and-egg
question open).</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Regina</DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV>
<P>
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