<DIV>Thank you so much...this helps a great deal.</DIV>
<DIV><BR><BR><B><I>Koontz John E <John.Koontz@colorado.edu></I></B> wrote:</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE class=replbq style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid">On Fri, 24 Sep 2004, Jonathan Holmes wrote:<BR>> I am having some difficulty in determining the proper spelling and the<BR>> literal translation for a number of Omaha-Ponca words. Perhaps there is<BR>> someone on the list who can help.<BR><BR>Proper spelling is an interesting question. Quite a number of internally<BR>consistent, more or less satisfactory orthographies have been used with<BR>Omaha-Ponca. The best candidates for "proper spelling" in the context of<BR>your efforts are probably the current popular orthographies for Omaha and<BR>Ponca, which are similar, but not quite the same, though not in ways that<BR>reflect the similar "similar, but not quite the same" situation with<BR>respect to Omaha and Ponca speech. The differences are simply slight<BR>arbitrary differences in the spelling scheme. I'll try to provide forms<BR>in the Omaha version. Neither of the!
se
schemes is trictly speaking<BR>"official," but the are both in active use within the two tribes, and<BR>backed by committee efforts.<BR><BR>> The project I am working on involves the Omaha-Ponca Hethushka warrior<BR>> society, in which there are men who hold various officer positions with<BR>> appropriate titles. I have the titles in English first, followed by the<BR>> Dhegiha word used with an assumed phonetic spelling I have heard used to<BR>> describe the title, and in some cases, what the known literal<BR>> translation of the Dhegiha term is. If anyone knows corrections,<BR>> substitutions, additions or deletions to what I have listed, your help<BR>> would be greatly appreciated.<BR><BR>I'm using capital N and H for raised n (nasalization) and h (aspiration).<BR>I haven't written length, which is increasingly clearly a factor, though<BR>it's come into the picture to some exten since the orthographies in<BR>question were adopted. I've marked accen!
t with '
following the vowel, in<BR>lieu of acute. I've put dashes between elements in compounds. Note that<BR>single ptchk are pronounced "tense." This means voiceless unaspirated in<BR>initial position and after s, sh, etc., and voiceless geminate in medial<BR>position otherwise.<BR><BR>> Headman - nuda'honga or nudon'honga or noda'honga - literally means:<BR>> "war"? "leader"<BR><BR>nudoN-hoNga 'war (path)' + 'leader' (various English forms like headman,<BR>captain, leader, war-leader, war-chief used in various contexts)<BR><BR>The accentuation is given in the Dorsey texts (1890, 1891) as nu'doN-hoNga<BR>in the vocative and nudoN'-hoNga in reference forms.<BR><BR>> Camp Crier - wajey'pa or watsi'pxa or wa'gra ? - literally means: "?"<BR><BR>waje'pa 'crier, herald, announcer' It's a wa-derivative of a root jeppa or<BR>deppa that means what it means. I don't know of that root in another<BR>word, but that doesn't mean it doesn't occur. It could also be a loanword<BR>from so!
me other
language. The other forms I don't recognize. They seem<BR>to be different words entirely. The second one looks like Osage to me.<BR><BR>> Historian - hegon'ootha ? - literally means: "?"<BR><BR>hi'goN-udha Hi'goN is 'myth; to tell a myth', using 'myth' as the term for<BR>'traditional (animal) story'. The second element is udha' 'teller; to<BR>tell'<BR><BR>> Advisor - waygon'say ? - literally means: "?"<BR><BR>we'goNze 'advisor, to advise' from goN'ze 'to demonstrate, to teach'.<BR>This seems to be a wa-derivative of a dative form gi'goNze.<BR><BR>> Whipman - wanon'she or wana'cis - literally means: "?"<BR><BR>wanoN'she 'solder, policeman, subordinate officer of a society, or of a<BR>hunting expedition or war party'. I think the English term whipman refers<BR>to the whip that is (in some cases, anyway) the emblem of office, though<BR>there's a distinct parallel with the use of 'leader' and 'whip' in US<BR>legislative parlance!<BR><BR>> Cook - ooth'na or uh'hon or!
u'hon or
ohan'cigre ? - literally means:<BR>> "cook"?<BR><BR>ushna (or ushnoN?) ???<BR>u'haN 'cook; to cook'<BR>si'gre 'track'<BR><BR>> Tail Dancer - sin'de or cin'de - literally means: "tail" "?"<BR><BR>siN(iN)'de 'tail' (probably a long iN)<BR><BR>> Water Carrier - ne'athin ? - literally means: "?"<BR><BR>niN(iN)'-adhiN 'water' + 'to have'<BR><BR>> Head Singer - hun'kahonga ? - literally means: "circle"? "leader"<BR><BR>xu'ka-hoNga 'singer' + 'leader' The x here is a voiceless velar (actually<BR>uvular in articulation) fricative. Also a verb, e.g., in the Dorsey texts<BR>e'wexuka 'I sing for them', iN'xuka=i=ga 'sing for me', etc. I don't know<BR>the contrast between xu'ka and waaN', both rendered 'to sing' in English.<BR><BR>> Lady Singer - uthsa'ze or hola'ze - literally means: "?"<BR><BR>I don't recognize these forms. l for gdh or xdh usually suggests Osage or<BR>Kaw sources, as does ths if it means ts. It looks like there might be a<BR>root -xdhaze (Os. -(x)laze)
involved.<BR><BR></BLOCKQUOTE><p>
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