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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Here's what I have on the linguistic side of the
words in question. I have additional (cultural) information from informants in
my field notes but that would get lengthy.</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV>Headman - <EM>nuda'honga</EM> or <EM>nudon'honga</EM> or
<EM>noda'honga</EM> - literally means: "war"? "leader"</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>(Ponca) - <EM>nudaH or nudoN - </EM>war,
expedition, endeavor, "effort underway" <FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=3> </FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>(Ponca) - <EM>hoNga - </EM>leader, also
"big" (interestingly , not '<EM>toNga</EM>') </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>field translations: "war leader","boss", "chief
of whatever it was they were doing", "peyote chief", "road man"</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>In Osage, I believe the phrase is: <EM>doHda
haN</EM> <FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3> <FONT face=Arial size=2>(I
believe Carolyn Q. or Jimmy Duncan could be of better help
here)</FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV>Camp Crier - <EM>wajey'pa</EM> or <EM>watsi'pxa </EM>or <EM>wa'gra ?
-</EM> literally means: "?"</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>(Ponca) <EM>waje'pa</EM> - "town crier", "crier"
, "herald" (John, I believe "announcer" is a different word, but I can't think
of it at the moment)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I don't recognize "<EM>watsi'pxa</EM>" as being
related to the subject. A meaning can be derived in Ponca but I don't
think it fits here. "<EM>Watsi</EM>" means "dance" in Osage, whereas in OP it
would be "<EM>wachi</EM>". "<EM>Watsi</EM>" in Ponca is sort of a vulgur slang
word suggesting a horizontal dance, if you take my meaning. Old Poncas used to
crack up to hear Osages say "<EM>aNwatsi kombra</EM>". Ask Jimmy Duncan some
time; my aunt used to punch him everytime he'd say it. My dad would then yell
"<EM>washpaNgaho</EM>! you guys". Then everyone would bust out laughing. Jimmy
typically recovered by adding "ay china". But I guess you had to be
there.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Dance in Ponca is either a form of
"<EM>wachi</EM>" (e.g. <EM>aNwachi</EM>) or "<EM>wachi ga'xe</EM>". I've also
heard <EM>noN'te</EM> (e.g. <EM>aNon'te anga'ti</EM>, we're dancing right
here). I wonder if "<EM>watsi pxa</EM>" was noted as coming from Osage and
what was really meant was "<EM>watsi pa'xe</EM>" (dance, I make) or <EM>watsi
paxa</EM>(!) ?? Might have come from the linguist nightmare: </FONT><FONT
face=Arial size=2>Q. How do you say "you dance"?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>A. I dance (<EM>watsi pa'xe</EM>). Not sure; I
think we'd need Carolyn or Jimmy to weigh in on that one.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Can't make much from "<EM>wa'gra</EM>". Closest I
can think of might be "<EM>wa gtha' e</EM>" (to give things out), or "<EM>wa
gthe</EM>" (term for a plume).</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV>Historian - <EM>hegon'ootha </EM>? - literally means: "?"</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>(Ponca) <EM>hi'goN</EM> - "old
story" (example given was: <EM>hi'goN pa'haNga de</EM> -stories
from way back there, a long time ago)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>(Ponca) <EM>udha</EM>' from "<EM>utha
ge</EM>" - to tell a story </FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>This is a relatively "new" term as applied to the
Ponca Hethuska; not a "traditional" position. I believe Abe Conklin started
this in the 1980's. One of the old timers I spoke with years ago said:
"Never heard of it, that's why they have them singers. They keep the
history." (direct quote).</DIV></FONT>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV>Advisor - <EM>waygon'say </EM>? - literally means: "?"</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>(Ponca) <EM>we'goNze</EM>; also have it as
<EM>wa'goNze</EM> - "to teach" or "to teach us"</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV>Whipman - <EM>wanon'she</EM> or <EM>wana'cis</EM> - literally
means: "?"</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>(Ponca) <EM>wanoN'she</EM> - cop; policeman;
truant officer; sheriff; traffic cop</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV>Cook - <EM>ooth'na</EM> or <EM>uh'hon</EM> or <EM>u'hon</EM> or
<EM>ohan'cigre</EM> ? - literally means: "cook"?</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>(Ponca) u'haN - to cook; or a cook</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Tail Dancer - <EM>sin'de</EM> or <EM>cin'de</EM> - literally
means: "tail" "?"</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>(Ponca) sin'de - tail</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>(Osage) sin' tse -tail</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Water Carrier - <EM>ne'athin</EM> ? - literally means: "?"</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>(Ponca) ni - water</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>(Ponca) athiN - to have, or he has</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>translation: he has the water or the guy with the
water</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Head Singer - <EM>hun'kahonga</EM> ? - literally means: "circle"?
"leader"</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>(Ponca) <EM>ho'ka</EM> - group of singers (you
often hear "<EM>ho'ka zaNi</EM>" - all you singers)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>(Ponca) <EM>hoNga -
</EM>leader</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>translation - boss of the singers, or "head
singer"</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Prior to the 1950's this "position" was
basically unknown. Among the Ponca "head singer" positions started post WWII
in the early to mid 1950's as cars became more available and larger
inter-tribal gatherings started coming into voque. If I recall correctly (have
to look back at my notes) Albert Waters was the first head singer (at the 1952
or 1953 Ponca Powwow). I have this repeatedly from many many
sources.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Lady Singer - <EM>uthsa'ze</EM> or <EM>hola'ze</EM> - literally means:
"?"</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I don't recognize these at all. Although, as I
recall, I believe the Osage have names something akin to these for women
singers. I'll have to defer to Carolyn ofr Jimmy Duncan again on
this one. In Ponca, women singers are typically adrressed as a
relation. If you don't know that relation or you are not related to the
individual (or if you are addressing them as a group) you generally refer to
them as "sister" or sisters" (wi'doNde, or wi'he, etc. - to wit, the womens
singers says "wi'doNde". Again, regarding the history of the Hethuska, among
the Ponca at least, women singers weren't/aren't really thought of as a
'traditional' position. Among the Ponca, women didn't start sitting
around the drum out in the arena until after WWII.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Hope this helps.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Tom Leonard</FONT></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>