<DIV>Hi Bob,</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#ff0000>-- I don't think /amaNki/ is a definite article. It may be partially grammaticalized, but it is a positional verb, etymologically 'lying'. Positional use in demonstrative/locative phrases/clauses is a SE areal feature that is very widespread. --</FONT> I thought there was something suspicious about 'amaNki' glossed as a definite article because it definitely looks more like the verb, such as 'maNkiyaN' (reclining object).</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#ff0000>-- Positional use in demonstrative/locative phrases/clauses is a SE areal feature that is very widespread. --</FONT> Good to know.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#ff0000>-- you probably want to try to deal with all the demonstratives as a group and see if a system emerges that might have 'pigeon holes' that might help organize the results.--</FONT> Yes, I'm still very much in the note-taking process with Biloxi and I'm sure things will become more evident--at least I hope so!</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Thanks for the info!</DIV>
<DIV>Dave<BR><BR><B><I>"R. Rankin" <rankin@ku.edu></I></B> wrote:</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE class=replbq style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid">> I've been looking over Dorsey's dictionary and sample <BR>> sentences noting a few of the uses of "ko" which is <BR>> often glossed as a definite article or as 'when'. I <BR>> came up with a hunch based on some sample sentences I <BR>> found, one of which I have below for illustration:<BR><BR>> aNsep noNpa amaNki ko kta = the two standing axes are <BR>> his. aNsep = ax, noNpa = two, amaNki = dual/plural <BR>> def. article, ko (simply glossed as ob. 'object'?), <BR>> kta = his.<BR><BR>> There are several sentences with 'ko' glossed this <BR>> way and occuring even with another definite article, <BR>> in this case 'amaNki.' Thus, my hunch is that 'ko' <BR>> in this case may be sort of a Japanese 'wa', loosely <BR>> translated as "as concerns it", thus, 'as concerns <BR>> the two standing axes, they're his.'<BR><BR>I don't think /am!
aNki/ is
a definite article. It may <BR>be partially grammaticalized, but it is a positional <BR>verb, etymologically 'lying'. Positional use in <BR>demonstrative/locative phrases/clauses is a SE areal <BR>feature that is very widespread. The /ko/ is <BR>definitely a demonstrative or article of some sort, of <BR>course. There are some comparative possibilities, but <BR>any reconstructible meaning remains fairly elusive.<BR><BR>Crow /ko/ 'nonagentive reference'<BR>Crow /ko/ 'that, abstract reference'<BR><BR>Hidatsa /ku/ 'that one'<BR><BR>Biloxi /ko/ 'demonstrative, various usages' (not very <BR>revealing)<BR><BR>There is another (or related) */ko:/ in Mississippi <BR>Valley Siouan languages, meaning roughly 'that, <BR>remote'.<BR><BR>Beyond that, you're pretty much on your own, I'm <BR>afraid. If I were doing it, I'd extract all examples <BR>of sentences with the particle from the BI texts and <BR>see what emerges -- but you've probably done that <BR>already. Beyond that, you probabl!
y want to
try to deal <BR>with all the demonstratives as a group and see if a <BR>system emerges that might have 'pigeon holes' that <BR>might help organize the results. Somewhere in the <BR>Archives of the Siouan List should be a message with an <BR>attachment from me listing the prominent demonstrative <BR>cognate sets. Generally a three term system is <BR>evident, as in older English: demonstratives THIS, <BR>THAT, YON; deictics HERE, THERE, YONDER; and temporals <BR>NOW, THEN, YORE. But there are numerous variants, and <BR>this schema does not account for differences in detail <BR>in the various languages. Your analysis in terms of <BR>something like Japanese wa/ga sounds interesting and <BR>might work out. . . .<BR><BR>Bob <BR><BR></BLOCKQUOTE><p>
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