<DIV><EM>[John:] I wonder how you<BR>feel about the possiblity of an irregular reduction of hypothetical<BR>*wolk?u to wok?u? Would accentuation resolve this one way or another?<BR>Would you consider *wolk?u itself plausible?<BR></EM></DIV>
<DIV>I'd say it's a possibility, at least it's far more plausible than a contraction of woyute 'food' to wo-. wol- would also solve the stress problem nicely, because any combination of wa- 'non-specific patient' plus verb-initial yu-, as in yutA 'eat', will result in stressed wo-. (Sometimes the contraction does not take place and wa-yu- is retained, but this is another issue.) My only concerns regarding the wol-hypothesis are semantic in nature. To me, wotA means 'to eat (itr.)' and nothing else, i.e. this lexical item lacks the nominal reading that would be required if the wol- = food hypothesis were adequate. But then, Bruce's wol+transportation verb example, if I remember it correctly, seems to imply such a nominal reading.</DIV>
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<DIV>Regina</DIV>
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<DIV><BR><B><I>Koontz John E <John.Koontz@colorado.edu></I></B> wrote:</DIV>
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<BLOCKQUOTE class=replbq style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid">On Thu, 21 Apr 2005, REGINA PUSTET wrote:<BR>> I'm now quoting Buechel in detail on ok'u (p. 393): 1. 'to lend anything<BR>> to one. 2. (of k'u). 'to give to, e.g. food; to give a portion to'.<BR><BR>> There is not much to be done about the hypothesis that wo- means 'food'.<BR>> Either the prefix exists, or it doesn't, at least you can always posit<BR>> such an element. However, I recommend eliciting semantic combinations<BR>> containing wo- 'food' in conjunction with verbs which don't have initial<BR>> o-. My guess is that this is not grammatical.<BR><BR>My guess is that the problem with this approach is that any wo- in this<BR>sense of 'food' probably wouldn't be productive enough to elicit arbitrary<BR>examples of it. So it may come down to a philological exercize using<BR>whatever examples Boas & Deloria cite to support themselves, plus any<BR>oth!
ers in
sources like Riggs and Buechel. This is something that one of<BR>us could probably do fairly quickly.<BR><BR>> (Another hint: unlike a true wa-o contraction, as a hypothetical<BR>> classificatory prefix, wo- 'food' shouldn't carry stress).<BR><BR>Assuming that wo- 'food' would be from attested wotA, a attested<BR>peculiarity of yutA, and not from woyutA per se, we'd probably be dealing<BR>with *wol-k?u > wo'k?u, right? Would the stress on a compound of this<BR>form be wolk?u'? I'm more than a little vague on the finer points of<BR>Dakota accentuation, but I seem to recall that compounding is one of the<BR>contexts in Dakotan where accent is not restricted to the "first root" in<BR>a word, e.g., c^aNlwa's^te, if I recall the example correctly.<BR><BR>> But there is nothing to be done about the hypothesis that wo- = wa-o<BR>> either, because it reflects a highly regular contraction process in the<BR>> language.<BR><BR>And in Mississippi Valley Siouan general!
ly, to
the point that it might be<BR>treated less as a process in Dakotan than as a still more or transparent<BR>process of Proto-Mississippi Valley Siouan. But when is something like<BR>this a process and when is it an artifact?<BR><BR>> Given the fact that some of us have stated before, namely that a<BR>> reduction of woyute 'food' to wo- 'food' is unlikely because of the<BR>> phonetic complexity involved, my vote is clearly and emphatically in<BR>> favor of the wa-o hypothesis. I realize that this is just a minor<BR>> issue, but I feel it deserves clarification.<BR><BR>I quite agree that this deserves clasificaiton. It is the sort of<BR>superficially minor point on which important morphological issues can<BR>turn, and it is also a very longstanding conundrum introduced by Boas &<BR>Deloria themselves. Do we accept or reject their account of wo- 'food'?<BR>This is a good question for all you Dakotanists and I'm interested to see<BR>how it plays out.<BR><BR>It !
seems to
me that the general issue is, does Dakotan display an<BR>occasional pattern of more or less arbitrary or drastic reductions of<BR>incorporated elements to which we can appeal in resolving the structure of<BR>forms like wok?u 'give, e.g., 'giving portions' rather than as a gloss on<BR>(w)o-?<BR><BR>Without having reviewed other proposed wo- 'food' forms, I would be<BR>doubtful that there is a regular formation of this nature, though it's not<BR>inconceivable. But, Regina (and Jan and Bruce et al.) I wonder how you<BR>feel about the possiblity of an irregular reduction of hypothetical<BR>*wolk?u to wok?u? Would accentuation resolve this one way or another?<BR>Would you consider *wolk?u itself plausible?<BR><BR></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><p>__________________________________________________<br>Do You Yahoo!?<br>Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around <br>http://mail.yahoo.com