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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";
color:navy'>htaN’waN is the Osage word for ‘town’. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";
color:navy'>Carolyn<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt'><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
owner-<st1:PersonName w:st="on">siouan@lists.colorado.edu</st1:PersonName>
[mailto:owner-<st1:PersonName w:st="on">siouan@lists.colorado.edu</st1:PersonName>]
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>David Kaufman<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, November 08, 2005
3:14 PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">siouan@lists.colorado.edu</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> RE: Tomahittan?</span></font><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Hi,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt'><em><i><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>> The word for 'town'
in OP is something like ttaN'waNgdhaN. The ttaN'waN</span></font></i></em><i><span
style='font-style:italic'><br>
<em><i><font face="Times New Roman">part of that is the root word for 'town',
and seems to be used </font></i></em><br>
<em><i><font face="Times New Roman">separately in naming specific towns.
I've never been too sure what the gdhaN is</font></i></em><br>
<em><i><font face="Times New Roman">about. My best guess has been that it
indicates something inanimate</font></i></em><br>
<em><i><font face="Times New Roman">fitting or sitting in a certain area.
I'm don't know whether any other</font></i></em><br>
<em><i><font face="Times New Roman">Siouan languages use an equivalent with the
basic 'town' root. ></font></i></em></span></i><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Don't know how much this
will help here, but I can tell you that the word for 'town' in Biloxi is taN
and is used in many placenames, a good example being TaN NithaNyaN, Big Town,
meaning New Orleans. Note that the Biloxi name also suffixes -yaN, which
I'm thinking may somehow be related to -gdhaN? This ending is added to
most placenames in Biloxi and the best I can come up with so far based on other
places where -yaN occurs is that it means 'that place over yonder, over
there' or perhaps, as you hypothesize, 'immovable object.'<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Dave<br>
<br>
<br>
<b><i><span style='font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'>Rory M Larson
<rlarson@unlnotes.unl.edu></span></i></b> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #1010FF 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 3.0pt;
margin-left:3.0pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
12.0pt;margin-left:35.4pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>> Dear Rory,<br>
> That cluster is one of the few places where Lakota and Dakota<br>
> diverge sharply. In Lakota it's "gl" but in Dakota it's
"hd". One<br>
> frequent place where it shows up is as you said -- for the possessive<br>
> forms of y- stem verbs.<br>
><br>
> David<br>
<br>
Thanks, David! That's an excellent example of phonological variance in<br>
that cluster.<br>
<br>
So if we have:<br>
<br>
PSi: *kire' *kiraN' *kiriN' *kiri'<br>
<br>
we should get:<br>
<br>
OP: gdhe gdhaN gdhiN gdhi<br>
<br>
La: gle glaN gliN gli<br>
<br>
Da: hde hdaN hdiN hdi<br>
<br>
A hypothetical set intermediate between Proto-Siouan and Dakota might be:<br>
<br>
??: *hide' *hidaN' *hidiN' *hidi'<br>
<br>
Or with a bit of de-voicing:<br>
<br>
??: *hite' *hitaN' *hitiN' *hiti'<br>
<br>
The word for 'town' in OP is something like ttaN'waNgdhaN. The ttaN'waN<br>
part of that is the root word for 'town', a! nd seems to be used separately<br>
in naming specific towns. I've never been too sure what the gdhaN is<br>
about. My best guess has been that it indicates something inanimate<br>
fitting or sitting in a certain area. I'm don't know whether any other<br>
Siouan languages use an equivalent with the basic 'town' root.<br>
<br>
This Tomahitan name is tempting, though. The "toma" has already been<br>
suggested as meaning 'town', and could easily be an English orthographical<br>
attempt at *htaN'waN or *htaN'maN, or some such. The hitaN looks like a<br>
reasonable reflex of *kiraN', which would give gdhaN in OP. It would be<br>
nice to know how the name was originally accented, though.<br>
<br>
If the name is Siouan, I suppose Southeastern would be the likeliest guess,<br>
followed by Dhegihan, Chiwere, and Unattested, in about that order.<br>
Perhaps Bob can fill us in on how that cluster works in Southeastern?<br>
<br>
Thanks,<br>
Rory<br>
<br>
<br>
> I've discussed Tomahitan with Ives and neither of u! s has an etymology
for<br>
it. The H is in the way of considering it Siouan "Big Town". Toma
also<br>
passes for Choctaw 'town', but hitan doesn't ring any Muskogean bells with<br>
me. Nobody really knows who these folks were.<br>
<br>
>Bob<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</blockquote>
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