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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Ah, yes, there's hkohkosa 'pig, shoat, hog'
in Osage, likely a borrowing from French. Accent on first syllable, although
accent shifts in some expressions to second syllable hkohkosa ekon 'hoggish'
and hkohkosa weli 'lard, pig fat'.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Carolyn Quintero<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
owner-siouan@lists.colorado.edu [mailto:owner-siouan@lists.colorado.edu] <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Bryan Gordon<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Monday, <st1:date Year="2006"
Day="21" Month="8" ls="trans" w:st="on">August 21, 2006</st1:date> <st1:time
Minute="31" Hour="4" w:st="on">4:31 AM</st1:time><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> siouan@lists.colorado.edu<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: Language contact</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Ivan -<br>
<br>
Welcome!<br>
<br>
I'm heading down your way in about thirty minutes, actually. I'm going to be in
White Eagle for the Ponca Powwow and a few days afterward, hoping to get some
fieldwork done. I'm a PhD student in Linguistics at <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Minnesota</st1:place></st1:State>, myself, and am rather new at this
list as well. <br>
<br>
I'm fascinated by your area of focus. I just took a course last term on
language contact, and wound up writing my term paper essentially as a
prospectus on contact research in modern Ojibwe and Omaha-Ponca. I am highly
interested in the way the languages are absorbing either covert or overt
characteristics of the majority language (English) and in how the dynamic of
decreasing L1 population and increasing L2 population will affect the grammar
itself in the process of revitalisation. Parallels to Hebrew revitalisation are
striking, and potential outcomes have eerie political ramifications: some have
called Israeli Hebrew a Hebrew-lexifier creole with Semitic morphology on a
Germanic/Slavic phonological/syntactic base! How would a similar outcome be
viewed in an indigenous context? Is anyone ready for this? These are some of
the pressing questions in modern language contact! <br>
<br>
In terms of your questions regarding availability of resources, my answer is:
highly doubtful. There are many texts and resources which mention one tribe
historically having had interactions with other tribes, and some may even
mention bilingualism, but I doubt that any of them took upon themselves the
task of documenting this bilingualism and its effects. Serious research on
language contact is very rare and very difficult to verify. Conclusions on
language contact are sometimes among the least stable conclusions that can be
made in linguistics. The field of language contact is truly in its infancy
still today, and will welcome all the development it can get! <br>
<br>
You will be able to find some examples of loanwords at very least. Although
Siouan languages have historically been resistant to loanwords, particularly
from colonial languages, there are some. I can send you my bibliography for my
term paper last semester as a starting point. It'll have to wait until after I
find it, though, because I'm about to board a Greyhound bus! One loanword which
stands out in my mind is OP "kukusi" (pig) (from French). I would
suppose its analogue in Osage might be "hkohkosi" or the like.
Another area of great interest are loan calques, in which the syntax of a
foreign concept is borrowed and superimposed over indigenous roots. These, I
suspect, are much more common than actual loans in Siouan. But they are harder
to document and to prove their origins. <br>
<br>
Anyway, gotta get going. If you're going to be up around Osage/Ponca/Kaw
country anytime soon, let Bob Rankin or Justin McBride know, because they have
my contact information (and I believe all of us will be getting together at
some point next week). <br>
<br>
- Bryan Gordon<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=gmailquote><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>On <st1:date Year="06" Day="19" Month="8" ls="trans"
w:st="on">8/19/06</st1:date>, <b><span style='font-weight:bold'><a
href="mailto:ivan.ozbolt@ou.edu">ivan.ozbolt@ou.edu</a></span></b> <<a
href="mailto:ivan.ozbolt@ou.edu">ivan.ozbolt@ou.edu </a>> wrote:</span></font></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Hello everyone,<br>
<br>
This is the first message I am sending to the Siouan List. My name is Ivan
Ozbolt, and I am a MA student in Native American Studies at the <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Oklahoma</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>. <br>
<br>
I am currently writing a paper on the Osage language, and I would like to know
if there is documentation available about language contact and the Dhegiha
tribes, particularly from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century historical
period. <br>
<br>
For instance, the Osage used the sign language with other tribes, and some also
spoke French. But did they use any trade jargon or pidgin? Did they also speak
Comanche, a Lingua Franca of the southern Plains? Were some colonial words
(from French, English, Spanish) integrated in their language? <br>
<br>
Can we find in Osage (and other Dhegiha languages) words borrowed from
non-Siouan languages?<br>
<br>
Thank you.<br>
<br>
Ivan Ozbolt<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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