Those are interesting examplels. I think it is not topic in the sense of English subject, but something more general. They are all definite in the sense of either having ki or being proper names. So I suppose iNs^ le aNpetu ki, le aNpetu ki iNs^ and iNs^Mary could all be changes of topic in some definition of the term<br>Bruce<br><br><b><i>REGINA PUSTET <pustetrm@yahoo.com></i></b> wrote:<blockquote class="replbq" style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16, 255); margin-left: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">It all depends on how you define “topic”. If topic is the same as the English subject, then there is, as you say, a topic change on the two examples I gave. It’s different here:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div
class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">h^tal-ehaN wophethuN wa-I na iNs^ le aNpetu ki chuwignake waN wa-kayeg^e<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">yesterday<span style=""> </span>shop<span style=""> </span>1SG.AG-go and CON this day DEF<span style=""> </span>dress IDF<span style=""> </span>1SG.AG-sew<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">‘yesterday I went shopping and today I sewed a dress’<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">h^tal-ehaN wophethuN wa-I na le aNpetu ki iNs^ chuwignake waN
wa-kayeg^e<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">yesterday<span style=""> </span>shop<span style=""> </span>1SG.AG-go and this day DEF<span style=""> </span>CON dress IDF<span style=""> </span>1SG.AG-sew<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">‘yesterday I went shopping and today I sewed a dress’<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Harry Sally wowapi k’u na iNs^ Mary waks^ica cha k’u<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">H.<span style="">
</span>S.<span style=""> </span>book<span style=""> </span>give<span style=""> </span>and<span style=""> </span>CON<span style=""> </span>M. plate<span style=""> </span>such<span style=""> </span>give<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">‘Harry gave Sally books and he gave Mary plates’<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Regina<o:p></o:p></span></div><br><br><b><i>shokooh Ingham <shokoohbanou@yahoo.co.uk></i></b> wrote: <blockquote class="replbq" style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16, 255); padding-left: 5px; margin-left: 5px;">Interestingly, however, your two examples do show change of topic. Can
you think of an example where it doesn't?<br>Bruce<br><br><b><i>REGINA PUSTET <pustetrm@yahoo.com></i></b> wrote: <blockquote class="replbq" style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16, 255); padding-left: 5px; margin-left: 5px;"> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">In my data, i(N)s^ is used mainly as a marker for strong contrast, as in<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span><font face="Courier New"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Sally is^tiNme na Harry iNs^ TV waNyaNke<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">S.<span> </span>sleep<span> </span><span> </span>and H.<span>
</span>CON<span> </span>TV<span> </span>watch<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">‘Sally is sleeping and Harry is watching TV’<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">or<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span><font face="Courier New"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Sally is^tiNme na iNs^ Harry TV waNyaNke<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">S.<span> </span>sleep<span>
</span><span> </span>and CON<span> </span>H.<span> </span>TV<span> </span>watch<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">‘Sally is sleeping and Harry is watching TV’<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">This can, but doesn’t have to, be accompanied by topic change, introduction of a different argument, and similar notions. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Regina</span><br><br><b><i>shokooh Ingham
<shokoohbanou@yahoo.co.uk></i></b> wrote: <blockquote class="replbq" style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16, 255); padding-left: 5px; margin-left: 5px;">It would be a great help if they were, as I always find this difficult in Lakota. The is^ eya complex often seems to signify a change of topic or subject, but it is very hard to tie down<br>Bruce<br><br><b><i>ROOD DAVID S <rood@spot.Colorado.EDU></i></b> wrote: <blockquote class="replbq" style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16, 255); padding-left: 5px; margin-left: 5px;"><br>Lungstrum's dissertation claims that chanke and yukhan are switch <br>reference markers, defining "reference" as any major change of scene, <br>characters, point of view, or some other discontinuity. I wasn't <br>convinced.<br><br>David<br><br><br>David S. Rood<br>Dept. of Linguistics<br>Univ. of Colorado<br>295 UCB<br>Boulder, CO 80309-0295<br>USA<br>rood@colorado.edu<br><br>On Fri, 1 Jun 2007, willemdereuse@unt.edu
wrote:<br><br>> Hi all:<br>><br>> I have always thought that the chankhe/yunkhan alternation of conjunctions in <br>> Lakota texts, first discussed by Chafe (I think) and then by Dahlstrom had <br>> something to do with obviation. It is definitely not switch-reference. Does <br>> Richard Lungstrum's diss. say anything about this? I am sorry to say I have <br>> not yet gotten hold of a copy of Richard's diss.<br>><br>> Willem de Reuse Quoting "Rankin, Robert L" <RANKIN@KU.EDU>:<br>><br>>> As Rory points out, Dhegiha languages have something very similar <br>>> distinguishing primary from non-primary actors. Ardis's dissertation was <br>>> at least partly on this distinction in Omaha.<br>>> <br>>> I have toyed with the idea of trying to redefine the "switch-reference" <br>>> distinction in those Siouan languages that have it as an obviation <br>>> distinction. Such redefinition clearly works in
Muskogean, where it is the <br>>> only way to tie "S-R" and argument marking particles together without a <br>>> hopelessly complex appeal to homophony, but I haven't really gotten down to <br>>> the business of trying to demonstrate it in Siouan. Clearly the more <br>>> inclusive concept of "referent tracking" operates in Siouan grammars, <br>>> though it differs from language to language. If I had to guess, I'd say it <br>>> is historically primary in Algonquian but secondary in Siouan.<br>>> <br>>> What were the papers you're referring to on Algonquian?<br>>> <br>>> Bob<br>>> <br>>> ________________________________<br>>> <br>>> From: owner-siouan@lists.colorado.edu on behalf of Marino<br>>> Sent: Thu 5/31/2007 12:20 AM<br>>> To: siouan@lists.colorado.edu<br>>> Subject: obviation in Siouan languages<br>>> <br>>> <br>>> <br>>> There were two
excellent papers on obviation in Cree at the CLA<br>>> meetings. One of the presenters asked me if there is obviation in any of<br>>> the Siouan languages. I have a vague memory that this has come up before,<br>>> but I can't find time to troll through the archives. Any suggestions?<br>>> <br>>> Best<br>>> Mary Marino<br>>> <br>>> <br>>> <br>>> <br>><br>><br></RANKIN@KU.EDU></blockquote><br> <div> <hr size="1"> Yahoo! Mail is the world's favourite email. Don't settle for less, <a href="http://uk.rd.yahoo.com/evt=44106/*http://uk.docs.yahoo.com/mail/winter07.html">sign up for your free account today</a>.</div></blockquote><br> <div></div> <hr size="1"> You snooze, you lose. <a href="http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=47959/*http://advision.webevents.yahoo.com/mailbeta/newmail_html.html">Get messages ASAP with AutoCheck</a><br>in the all-new Yahoo! Mail Beta. </blockquote><br> <div> <hr size="1"> Yahoo!
Answers - Get better answers from someone who knows. <a href="http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/;_ylc=X3oDMTEydmViNG02BF9TAzIxMTQ3MTcxOTAEc2VjA21haWwEc2xrA3RhZ2xpbmU">Try it now</a>.</div></blockquote><br><div> </div><hr size="1">Ready for the edge of your seat? <a href="http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=48220/*http://tv.yahoo.com/">Check out tonight's top picks</a> on Yahoo! TV. </blockquote><br><p>
<hr size=1>
<a href="http://us.rd.yahoo.com/mail/uk/taglines/default/nowyoucan/spam_1gb/*http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=40565/*http://uk.docs.yahoo.com/nowyoucan.html">Inbox full of unwanted email?</a> Get leading protection and 1GB storage with All New Yahoo! Mail.