<html><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><div><div><div>On 08/12/2007, at 9:40 PM, Clive Bloomfield wrote:</div><blockquote type="cite"><div><div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div><div><span class="Apple-style-span"></span></div></div></span></div></div></blockquote><br><blockquote type="cite"><div><div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div><div><span class="Apple-style-span">From (Emil AFRAID-OF-HAWK's) Lakhota version of Ann Nolan Clark's "BRINGER OF THE MYSTERY DOG<font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">" (1941) </font></span></div><div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: -1; ">On Page 62 (ibid.) :</span></div></div></span></div></div></blockquote><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div>To provide some context : Little Dog, the boy protagonist, has left home on a lone quest to earn his manhood-name, and has just come across some interesting tracks : those of a man, accompanied by some mysterious large four-footed animal. He now recalls having heard stories told to his elders by visitors from friendly bands, of strange beasts, dog-like, but much larger, (s^uNka wakhaNpi) which could be made to carry burdens on their backs. His previous excitement at witnessing a buffalo hunt, now pales into insignificance.<br><blockquote type="cite"><div><div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div><div><br class="khtml-block-placeholder"></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#000000">1) : "(S^uNka Cik'ala lila waNkayeic'iye.) Ithokap taku ok'oka woawachiN ichaNteiyapha k'uN he woawachiN lechala kin</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF"> AHI</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#000000"> </font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">ichiyutakunis^ni</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#000000"> na lila sutaya yuze."</font></div><div><br class="khtml-block-placeholder"></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#000000">2) : </font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#000000">[</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#000000">=(Little Dog jumped high into the air.) His present state of emotions,</font> WHEN JUXTAPOSED WITH (lit : 'brought to')(??) <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#000000">the excitement which had struck his heart previously, </font> </div></div></span></div></div></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><div><div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000"> diminished (that) by comparison (ichi- 'together") to nothingness/annihilated the latter by comparison (??),</font> <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#000000">and held him firmly in its grip.] </font> </div></div></span></div></div></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><div><div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div><div><br></div></div></span></div></div></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><div><div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: -1; "><div><blockquote type="cite"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0; "><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: -1; "><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#000000">NOLAN CLARK's original English reads :</font></span></div></span></blockquote></div></span></div></span></div></div></blockquote><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#000000"><br></font><blockquote type="cite"><div><div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: -1; "><div><blockquote type="cite"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0; "><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: -1; "><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#000000">3) : "Little Dog jumped up. The excitement that he had felt before was nothing to that which clutched him now."</font></span></div></span></blockquote></div></span></div></span></div></div></blockquote><br></div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>I am by no means sure that, In my translation in 2), (which is an attempt to determine the exact significance of the Lakhota words), I am by no means sure that I have rendered that </div><div>('di-transitive'/'second reciprocal'?) "ichi-" verb-form correctly, and would appreciate any observations people might care to make on that, or on this sentence as a whole.</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>I am also quite puzzled by the precise significance of 'ahi' in the sentence above, a word which seems to be so frequently used by this author in comparisons (or at least in juxtapositions of some kind), as to be almost a mannerism! </div><div>(I am aware of the use of 'a-' compounded with verbs of motion to mean : "bring/convey', and also of 'ahi-' added to certain verbs to express direction, as detailed by B&D at p.96, Sect.115).</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>Is 'ahi' being used in some sort of Serial-Verb construction here, I wonder?</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>Is 'woawachiN lechala kiN' actually the subject of 'ichitakunishni' (as it is of 'yuze'), and 'ithokap........ichaNteiyapha k'uN' its object, as I thought?</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>I will track down & post some other examples of sentences using 'ahi' by this author, when time permits.</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>A note at the back of these old B.I.A. readers, by Willard W. Beatty, Director of Education, in July 1943, states :</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>"The preparation of material in the native languages is under the immediate direction of Dr. EDWARD A. KENNARD, (.......) EMIL AFRAID-OF-HAWK, an experienced interpreter of the older generation, translated this series of books."</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>An Emil Afraid-Of-Hawk is mentioned twice (pp. 84 & 89) in the biography "Fool's Crow" by Thomas E. Mails (Uni of Nebraska Press, 1979), as the father of Frank Fool's Crow's sweetheart & bride, Fannie Afraid-Of-Hawk, (Emil's youngest daughter), in the year 1916.</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>Best regards,</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>Clive. </div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div></div></body></html>