<html><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; ">Here is that Lakhotaiyapi description of the mediaeval Spanish castle, and the rest of the brief (one-page) first chapter of the above well-known translation by Emil AFRAID-OF-HAWK in 1925, together with the English original text (upon which it is obviously based) by Fr. Bernard H. WILDENHUES, S.J., [American Press, NY, 1925], together an attempt at a more literal version, accompanied by a few philological notes.<div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>What was I expecting? Nothing. What am I hoping for? Perhaps for some enterprising postgrad., or post-doc to be inspired/urged to do a research paper, or even maybe a thesis-length study of this unique writer's language, life & times. What do I want? : I just wish to share these wonderful texts with the people equipped to appreciate them, both as Lakhota language, and (as I would argue), as genuine indigenous literature, (if in a pioneering Lakhota genre).</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>After all, there are English translations/versions such as the Elizabethan George Chapman's Iliad, or Sir Thomas North's famous version of Plutarch's Lives, or Alexander Pope's Homer, or John Dryden's Aeneid which are judged as worthy compositions & works of English literature in their own right, rather than as being merely translations. </div><div>Including North's (which in any case was based on Amyot's French translation, not on the original Greek -but they were good enough to captivate Shakespeare's imagination!), these are all frequently grossly inaccurate, but they "work" marvellously as English. Nobody seems to care much about their pedantic accuracy. </div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>Even so, I humbly submit that Emil AFH's Lakhota versions also have an intrinsic value, which transcends the mere ancillary or derivative category of 'translations'! </div><div>I would also suggest that, to the best of my knowledge, nobody has ever written such Lakhota, either before or since. It is almost like having Dumas (père) in Lakhota!</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; ">Chapter Heading : "XAVIER THIWAHE KIN" (On facing [Page 6] : illustration of a large castle)</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; ">Emil AFH text (Published in trad. orthography, - in interest of clarity, I will endeavour to insert all aspirates, but am sure to miss some. Apologies in advance!) :</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; ">Miniwanca khoakatan Spayola makhoche el wihinaphe kin iwaziyata Navarra makhowashpe el akichita oti wan woimnayan he. Xavier thiwahe kin he woitanyankel thawapi oonakijin na owanyeye ko thankthanka ehash 'nahasekse' wohinyansya thaninyan akanlkanl hiyeye.</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; min-height: 15px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">Wildenhues : </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">"In the province of Navarre, in north-eastern Spain, stood a mighty fortress, proud possession of the house of Xavier, fairly bristling with lofty parapets and</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">frowning turrets."</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; min-height: 15px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; "><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">Another version with some observations :</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; ">"Away beyond the Ocean, in the north-eastern region of Navarre, in the land of Spain, stands an imposing fortress (lit. "stands famously/powerfully-->imposingly").</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">This is the fastness, their proud possession, of the Xavier clan, and its great battlements also stand out here & there upon (its summits), as it were, brutally conspicuous & stern."</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">[NOTES : Thought "oonakijin" was probably a noun (with doubled locative intial o- prefix) meaning "place of refuge, defensive vantage point/shelter", </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">hence-->"stronghold/fastness/retreat (n.)". </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">The precise syntactical structure of the second sentence, in particular the word order of the pronominal possessive 'thawapi' seems most interesting. </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">That word appears to be part of a predicate after 'thiwahe kin', and to be (nominally) qualifying 'oonakijin'. </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">The noun 'owanyeye' (B-Md. : 'porthole/loophole', would appear to correspond to the ramparts on the battlements, from behind which, defenders might discharge missiles. </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">Might it also, conceivably, refer to the loopholes for arrow-shooting, in the catle-walls? </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">Reduplication of Postposition 'akanl', as also use of verb 'hiyeyA', seems to imply the plurality of these ramparts/loopholes/arrow-slits.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">That intriguing phrase "ehas nahasekse" (as if excessively bristling) : probably /ehash nah^a sekse/ based on Stative verb root "nah^a" 'be rough-->'bristle/be bristly/stick out', seems to allude to the brutal & menacing aspect of the ramparts/battlements.]</font></div></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">Emil AFH text :</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">Anpetu lehantukesha hanke aphiyapi yunkhan ehank'ehan akichita k'eya mazaogle kithontonpi ca wiphe iyayuzapi na inyan oomani kin ogna iyowasyela shna s'e ounyanpi k'un hehan s'elecheca. Pyrenees h^e kin ikhinyela wachoka wan Roncevalles eya chajeyatapi ca hetan kaiyuzeya akhanlya wan el othan'inyan he, hetu cha Roland ohitika Charlemagne awanyanka wah^tekeshni un na echel Moors oyate kin kitanh^ci owe ktepi.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; min-height: 15px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">Wildenhues :</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">"Even today in its state of partial reconstruction it calls up pictures of those glorious days of old, when men in armoured mail made its arches ring with the clash of</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">steel on the cobbled pavement. It stands on an eminence not far from the Pyrenees Mountains and the valley of Roncevalles, where Roland, undaunted paladin of the mighty</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">Charlemagne, was slain by the Moors."</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">A literal version :</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; "><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">"Although nowadays (the castle) is in a state of semi-repair (lit. "part/half they-repair- it"), it (still) has the aspect it had back then, when old-time warriors wearing</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">suits of armour (iron breastplates?), brandished their weapons, and, raised the echoes, so to speak, as they infested (lit. 'inhabited') its stone walkways. It was in a (mountain) valley, in the vicinity of the Pyreneees, easily visible from a vantage-point not far distant, that Roland, (the Emperor) Charlemagne's valiant & resourceful paladin stood sentinel (lit. "was capably watching"), and accordingly was, in the end, massacred by the Moors (in 778 AD)." (lit. "they bloodily killed him")</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">[NOTES : Could reduplicated verb there : "kithonthon", be a collateral/dialect form of "kic'un" 'wear', or just of the general verb-formant : '-kiton/kitun' /kithoN.kithuN/? </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">Here, the word would seem to have the sense of 'to put on; don'. Perhaps E. AFH has coined a new verb "mazaoglekithun" 'to don/wear a suit of armour, or cuirasse', for the occasion? </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">Suspect the "inyan oomani" are the "stone walkways/gangways" (on/along the battlements/castle walls), rather than just any "stone pathways".</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">That adverb "iyowasyela" does not appear in Buech-Manh., but would appear to have a sense something like 'clanging/resounding/echoing'. The root seems to be the same as in the word 'yaiyowaza' 'echo' .</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">Translated adverb 'kitanh^ci' (pace B.-Md.) as : 'at last/'in the end'(after an arduous struggle), rather than ''with difficulty/hardly', in the context. But perhaps both layers of meaning are present. The senses are obviously akin.]</font></div></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; min-height: 15px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">Emil AFH Text :</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">Thiwahe kin lel April 7th, 1506, ehanl akhe thokata akichita sh'akin kta wan thonpi. He Don Juan de Jassu na Doña Maria de Azpilcueta chincapi ca wichicisakpe hakakta</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">thaowachekiyepi el miniakashtanpi na Francis eya chasthonpi.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; min-height: 15px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">Wildenhues :</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">"Here on April 7th, 1506, another great knight of the future was born. He was the sixth and last child of Don Juan de Jassu and Doña Maria de Azpilcueta, and at his</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">baptism in the parish church received the name of Francis."</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">A literal version :</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; min-height: 15px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; "><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; ">"Into this family, on April 7th, 1506, was born one who was to prove again & again, in future years, a mighty soldier. This (babe), the son of Don Juan de Jassu and</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">Donna Maria de Azpilcueta, as their sixth-born youngest offspring, was baptized in their (family) chapel, and christened "Francisco/Francis." (lit. "Francis saying</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">they-named-him."</font></div></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">[NOTES : Seems to be nothing especially noteworthy here.]</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">Emil AFH Text :</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">Francis atkuku Don Juan, tohantan kin akichita oyuonihanyeh^ci unpi kin hecha etanhan ohutkanke, na wokinihanca hecha, heon Wichashayatapi John eciyapi Navarra etanhan kin owotanla kilah^ca wiyukcan khiye, chankhe oehake iyagleya wichakeya nakicijin, eya hecheca esha waphipishni na woshkishke echela wishi yuhah^ce k'eyash.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; min-height: 15px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">Wildenhues :</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">"Don Juan, his father, noble scion of a long line of honoured knights, was the trusted counsellor of his king, John of Navarre, and was faithful to the last, though</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">trouble & misfortune were the only recompense he ever received for his loyalty."</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">A literal version :</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">"Don Juan, the father of Francis, being the type of man ('hecha') who derived his roots from (lit. "had roots in/rooted in") the sort of people who had, from time out of mind ('tohantan'), been warriors of great renown, was a highly respected man : hence it was that he had incurred the estimation in (the eyes of) King John of Navarre (lit. "the one called K.J. from Navarre"), of being one whose highest value was integrity/uprightness/'straightshooting', so that he stood by him till the (bitter) end ('oehake'), in spite of the fact that he was ill-starred, and even though he only ever received trouble/messy complications in recompense."</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; "><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">[NOTES : A most difficult paragraph, (apart from first) imho. </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">Took 'ohutkanke' as prob. a collateral form based on a common etymon shared by : 'huta/ohute/hutkan/ohutkan' 'root'-->'scion'. </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">Was particularly perplexed by the exact meaning here, of the verb "kila" with that attached intensifier-->"kilah^ca". The sentence's Subject seemed to me to be "Don Juan", who, we are told, incurred an opinion ('wiyukcankhiye'), [in the eyes of] King John (dir,obj.?), of being one who passionately believed ['kilah^ca'] in honour/honesty and the precise subordinating construction governed by that Causative : "kiye". Would argue that 'bitter' (end) is implied by context.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">Also wondered whether the reduplication (if that is what it is) in "waphiphisni" was intensive : "(He) was extremely unlucky/repeatedly unfortunate/ill-starred" But perhaps rather it should read : 'waphipi shni', with that '-pi' being used, as frequently, to form abstract idea : 'misfortune/ill luck'. On balance, prob. the latter.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">Translated phrase 'hecheca esha' as 'even though that was so/the case'-->'nonetheless/nevertheless/notwithstanding'. </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">Intensive suffix on 'yuha' appears to emphasize fact that trouble & bad luck was all Don Juan ever received in return for his pains.]</font></div></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; min-height: 15px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">Emil AFH text :</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">Navarra el othonwahe wan aithanchanyan yanke kin he Pampeluna e, yunkhan he echa nakikshinpi na el akichita sh'aka wan, Ignatius eciyapi Loyola etanhan kin oiglushicin na heon hankeya makha woyuonihan el oshkinchiyeh^ce k'un hena ayushtan, na isamya wowashi wophethethushni oic'ile kta cha, Ithanchan Thawa Iyotan Thanka kin etkiya Christ Jesus.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; min-height: 15px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">Wildenhues :</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">"The capital of Navarre is the city of Pampeluna, in the defense of which, another great knight, Ignatius of Loyola, received that injury which led hin to abandon the career of worldly honour and to seek a more honorable service in the livery of His Supreme Commander, Christ Jesus."</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; min-height: 15px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; min-height: 15px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; "><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">Another version :</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">"The capital/leading city of Navarre is Pamplona, and there, during its defence a mighty warrior, Ignatius Loyola, (incurred disgrace/obloquy ??), and for that reason he</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">finally quit his feverish endeavours/activities in honour of land (conquests?), in order to seek out for himself a less mercenary occupation, for the sake of his Supreme Lord, Christ Jesus."</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">[NOTE : 'aithanchanyan' seems to mean (city which was) 'overlord over' the others. Could we have another example here also, in that locative 'a-' prefix, of that (here, implied) comparative 'more than' idea, as mentioned in a previous post? </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">Exact sense of Reflexive Verb "oiglushicA" remains unclear to me - ones learns from historical research that St. Ignatius Loyola, a founder of the Jesuits, (as was St. Fr. Xavier), was originally a rapacious military captain who had his leg shattered by a cannonball, in the siege of Pamplona. </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">Here, (pace Frs. B.&M.'s definition of : 'spoil one's own reputation;'disgrace oneself'), the word would appear to signify not much more than 'got himself hurt'/'got himself into bad trouble'. </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">The fascinating word "wophethethu(n)shni", I thought to be prob. based on the Root "ophethun" [="buy"], so I interpreted the word as a Reduplicated & negated Stative Verb/"adjective" referring to the "wowasi" with a sense something akin to : "(He sought out for himself) "wowasi" [=work, occupation] that was "isamya" [=more]</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; ">"non-commercial-->unsordid"--> 'less mercenary/involving less filthy lucre'.]</font></div></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">(Biblical Quotation at bottom of page) : "Wathi taku he? Wakhanthanka! Matuwe he?" [1 Par.17, 16.] </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">"What is my home? God! Who am I?"</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; min-height: 15px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">The biblical quotation from 1 Chronicles 17, 16., does not appear in my 1928 edition of Wildenhues's translation, whereas these citations from Scripture are given on each page of the 1922 German original. (Incidentally, 'Par.' is an abbreviation of 'Paraleipomenon', first word of the Greek title of 'Chronicles', in the Septuagint.)</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; min-height: 15px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">As I see it, given the fact that Emil AFRAID-OF-HAWK was doing something quite bold & unprecedented here : In translating a text of such a quintessentialy European</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">provenance into Lakota, he has performed his task with marvellous talent & brilliant originality.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; min-height: 15px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">I believe also that the exercise of a little imagination allows one easily to see the attraction which the turbulent history of such "Warrior-Saints" as those militant Basque</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">firebrands, St.Francis Xavier, and St. Ignatius Loyola, might have exercised for a Lakota!</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">Both men of action, both scions of long line of proud, rebellious fighting-men of legendary courage!</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">What better subject for a Lakota author?</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Regards,</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Clive Bloomfield.</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">P.S. Having stated my (or, more importantly, Emil AFRAID-OF-HAWK'S) case in the halls of learning, a thing I had long resolved to do, I will henceforth call a halt to my 'campaign', in this place, on behalf of the distinguished Lakhota author Emil AFRAID-OF-HAWK!</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; min-height: 15px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; min-height: 15px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Georgia; min-height: 15px; "><br></div></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br></span></font></div></body></html>