Dear Clive,<br>I'm glad that you have found the original (if it can be so called) of this. I bought a copy of the Wthakpeya Thanka a long time ago and read it with enthusiasm, but found some passagess very difficult to work out, particularly the early bits about his early life in the mountains. I must read through it again with your notes to hand.<br>Yours<br>Bruce<br><br><b><i>Clive Bloomfield <cbloom@ozemail.com.au></i></b> wrote:<blockquote class="replbq" style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16, 255); margin-left: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"> Here is that Lakhotaiyapi description of the mediaeval Spanish castle, and the rest of the brief (one-page) first chapter of the above well-known translation by Emil AFRAID-OF-HAWK in 1925, together with the English original text (upon which it is obviously based) by Fr. Bernard H. WILDENHUES, S.J., [American Press, NY, 1925], together an attempt at a more literal version, accompanied by a few philological
notes.<div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>What was I expecting? Nothing. What am I hoping for? Perhaps for some enterprising postgrad., or post-doc to be inspired/urged to do a research paper, or even maybe a thesis-length study of this unique writer's language, life & times. What do I want? : I just wish to share these wonderful texts with the people equipped to appreciate them, both as Lakhota language, and (as I would argue), as genuine indigenous literature, (if in a pioneering Lakhota genre).</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>After all, there are English translations/versions such as the Elizabethan George Chapman's Iliad, or Sir Thomas North's famous version of Plutarch's Lives, or Alexander Pope's Homer, or John Dryden's Aeneid which are judged as worthy compositions & works of English literature in their own right, rather than as being merely translations. </div><div>Including North's (which
in any case was based on Amyot's French translation, not on the original Greek -but they were good enough to captivate Shakespeare's imagination!), these are all frequently grossly inaccurate, but they "work" marvellously as English. Nobody seems to care much about their pedantic accuracy. </div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>Even so, I humbly submit that Emil AFH's Lakhota versions also have an intrinsic value, which transcends the mere ancillary or derivative category of 'translations'! </div><div>I would also suggest that, to the best of my knowledge, nobody has ever written such Lakhota, either before or since. It is almost like having Dumas (père) in Lakhota!</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br
class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px;">Chapter Heading : "XAVIER THIWAHE KIN" (On facing [Page 6] : illustration of a large castle)</span></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px;">Emil AFH text (Published in trad. orthography, - in interest of clarity, I will endeavour to insert all aspirates, but am sure to miss some. Apologies in advance!) :</span></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span"
style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px;">Miniwanca khoakatan Spayola makhoche el wihinaphe kin iwaziyata Navarra makhowashpe el akichita oti wan woimnayan he. Xavier thiwahe kin he woitanyankel thawapi oonakijin na owanyeye ko thankthanka ehash 'nahasekse' wohinyansya thaninyan akanlkanl hiyeye.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><div style="margin: 0px; font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ; min-height: 15px;"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Wildenhues : </font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br
class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">"In the province of Navarre, in north-eastern Spain, stood a mighty fortress, proud possession of the house of Xavier, fairly bristling with lofty parapets and</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">frowning turrets."</font></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ; min-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size:
12px;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Another version with some observations :</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px;">"Away beyond the Ocean, in the north-eastern region of Navarre, in the land of Spain, stands an imposing fortress (lit. "stands famously/powerfully-->imposingly").</span></div><div style="margin:
0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">This is the fastness, their proud possession, of the Xavier clan, and its great battlements also stand out here & there upon (its summits), as it were, brutally conspicuous & stern."</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">[NOTES : Thought "oonakijin" was probably a noun (with doubled locative intial o- prefix) meaning "place of refuge,
defensive vantage point/shelter", </font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">hence-->"stronghold/fastness/retreat (n.)". </font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">The precise syntactical structure of the second sentence, in particular the word order of the pronominal possessive 'thawapi' seems most interesting. </font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">That word appears to
be part of a predicate after 'thiwahe kin', and to be (nominally) qualifying 'oonakijin'. </font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">The noun 'owanyeye' (B-Md. : 'porthole/loophole', would appear to correspond to the ramparts on the battlements, from behind which, defenders might discharge missiles. </font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Might it also, conceivably, refer to the loopholes for arrow-shooting, in the catle-walls? </font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight:
normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Reduplication of Postposition 'akanl', as also use of verb 'hiyeyA', seems to imply the plurality of these ramparts/loopholes/arrow-slits.</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">That intriguing phrase "ehas nahasekse" (as if excessively bristling) : probably /ehash nah^a sekse/ based on Stative verb root "nah^a" 'be rough-->'bristle/be bristly/stick out', seems to allude to the brutal & menacing aspect of the ramparts/battlements.]</font></div></span></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br
class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Emil AFH text :</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Anpetu lehantukesha hanke aphiyapi yunkhan ehank'ehan akichita k'eya mazaogle kithontonpi ca wiphe iyayuzapi na inyan oomani kin ogna iyowasyela shna s'e ounyanpi k'un hehan s'elecheca. Pyrenees h^e kin ikhinyela wachoka wan Roncevalles eya chajeyatapi ca hetan kaiyuzeya akhanlya wan el
othan'inyan he, hetu cha Roland ohitika Charlemagne awanyanka wah^tekeshni un na echel Moors oyate kin kitanh^ci owe ktepi.</font></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ; min-height: 15px;"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Wildenhues :</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">"Even today in its state of partial reconstruction it calls up pictures
of those glorious days of old, when men in armoured mail made its arches ring with the clash of</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">steel on the cobbled pavement. It stands on an eminence not far from the Pyrenees Mountains and the valley of Roncevalles, where Roland, undaunted paladin of the mighty</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Charlemagne, was slain by the Moors."</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;">A literal version :</div><div style="margin: 0px;"><span
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">"Although nowadays (the castle) is in a state of semi-repair (lit. "part/half they-repair- it"), it (still) has the aspect it had back then, when old-time warriors wearing</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">suits of armour (iron breastplates?), brandished their weapons,
and, raised the echoes, so to speak, as they infested (lit. 'inhabited') its stone walkways. It was in a (mountain) valley, in the vicinity of the Pyreneees, easily visible from a vantage-point not far distant, that Roland, (the Emperor) Charlemagne's valiant & resourceful paladin stood sentinel (lit. "was capably watching"), and accordingly was, in the end, massacred by the Moors (in 778 AD)." (lit. "they bloodily killed him")</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">[NOTES : Could reduplicated verb there : "kithonthon", be a collateral/dialect form
of "kic'un" 'wear', or just of the general verb-formant : '-kiton/kitun' /kithoN.kithuN/? </font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Here, the word would seem to have the sense of 'to put on; don'. Perhaps E. AFH has coined a new verb "mazaoglekithun" 'to don/wear a suit of armour, or cuirasse', for the occasion? </font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Suspect the "inyan oomani" are the "stone walkways/gangways" (on/along the battlements/castle walls), rather than just any "stone pathways".</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family:
Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">That adverb "iyowasyela" does not appear in Buech-Manh., but would appear to have a sense something like 'clanging/resounding/echoing'. The root seems to be the same as in the word 'yaiyowaza' 'echo' .</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Translated adverb 'kitanh^ci' (pace B.-Md.) as : 'at last/'in the end'(after an arduous struggle), rather than ''with difficulty/hardly', in the context. But perhaps both layers of meaning are present. The senses are obviously akin.]</font></div></span></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;
font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ; min-height: 15px;"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Emil AFH Text :</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Thiwahe kin lel April 7th, 1506, ehanl akhe thokata akichita sh'akin kta wan thonpi. He Don Juan
de Jassu na Doña Maria de Azpilcueta chincapi ca wichicisakpe hakakta</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">thaowachekiyepi el miniakashtanpi na Francis eya chasthonpi.</font></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ; min-height: 15px;"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Wildenhues :</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">"Here on April 7th, 1506, another great knight of the future was born. He was the sixth and last child of Don Juan de Jassu and Doña Maria de Azpilcueta, and at his</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">baptism in the parish church received the name of Francis."</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;">A literal version :</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ; min-height:
15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px;">"Into this family, on April 7th, 1506, was born one who was to prove again & again, in future years, a mighty soldier. This (babe), the son of Don Juan de Jassu and</span></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Donna Maria de Azpilcueta, as their sixth-born youngest offspring, was baptized in their (family) chapel, and christened "Francisco/Francis." (lit. "Francis
saying</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">they-named-him."</font></div></span></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;">[NOTES : Seems to be nothing especially noteworthy here.]</div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Emil AFH Text :</font></div><div
style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Francis atkuku Don Juan, tohantan kin akichita oyuonihanyeh^ci unpi kin hecha etanhan ohutkanke, na wokinihanca hecha, heon Wichashayatapi John eciyapi Navarra etanhan kin owotanla kilah^ca wiyukcan khiye, chankhe oehake iyagleya wichakeya nakicijin, eya hecheca esha waphipishni na woshkishke echela wishi yuhah^ce k'eyash.</font></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ; min-height: 15px;"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;
font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Wildenhues :</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">"Don Juan, his father, noble scion of a long line of honoured knights, was the trusted counsellor of his king, John of Navarre, and was faithful to the last, though</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">trouble & misfortune were the only recompense he ever received for his loyalty."</font></div><div style="margin:
0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;">A literal version :</div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;">"Don Juan, the father of Francis, being the type of man ('hecha') who derived his roots from (lit. "had roots in/rooted in") the sort of people who had, from time out of mind ('tohantan'), been warriors of great renown, was a highly respected man : hence it was that he had incurred the estimation in (the eyes of) King John of Navarre (lit. "the one called K.J. from Navarre"), of being one whose highest value was integrity/uprightness/'straightshooting', so that he stood by him till the (bitter) end ('oehake'), in spite of the fact that he was ill-starred, and even though he only ever received trouble/messy complications in recompense."</div><div style="margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:
Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">[NOTES : A most difficult paragraph, (apart from first) imho. </font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Took 'ohutkanke' as prob. a collateral form based on a common etymon shared by : 'huta/ohute/hutkan/ohutkan' 'root'-->'scion'. </font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal;
font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Was particularly perplexed by the exact meaning here, of the verb "kila" with that attached intensifier-->"kilah^ca". The sentence's Subject seemed to me to be "Don Juan", who, we are told, incurred an opinion ('wiyukcankhiye'), [in the eyes of] King John (dir,obj.?), of being one who passionately believed ['kilah^ca'] in honour/honesty and the precise subordinating construction governed by that Causative : "kiye". Would argue that 'bitter' (end) is implied by context.</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Also wondered whether the reduplication (if that is what it is) in "waphiphisni"
was intensive : "(He) was extremely unlucky/repeatedly unfortunate/ill-starred" But perhaps rather it should read : 'waphipi shni', with that '-pi' being used, as frequently, to form abstract idea : 'misfortune/ill luck'. On balance, prob. the latter.</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Translated phrase 'hecheca esha' as 'even though that was so/the case'-->'nonetheless/nevertheless/notwithstanding'. </font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Intensive suffix on 'yuha' appears to emphasize fact that trouble & bad luck was all Don Juan ever received in
return for his pains.]</font></div></span></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ; min-height: 15px;"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Emil AFH text :</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Navarra el othonwahe wan
aithanchanyan yanke kin he Pampeluna e, yunkhan he echa nakikshinpi na el akichita sh'aka wan, Ignatius eciyapi Loyola etanhan kin oiglushicin na heon hankeya makha woyuonihan el oshkinchiyeh^ce k'un hena ayushtan, na isamya wowashi wophethethushni oic'ile kta cha, Ithanchan Thawa Iyotan Thanka kin etkiya Christ Jesus.</font></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ; min-height: 15px;"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Wildenhues :</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant:
normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">"The capital of Navarre is the city of Pampeluna, in the defense of which, another great knight, Ignatius of Loyola, received that injury which led hin to abandon the career of worldly honour and to seek a more honorable service in the livery of His Supreme Commander, Christ Jesus."</font></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ; min-height: 15px;"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ; min-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><div style="margin:
0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Another version :</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">"The capital/leading city of Navarre is Pamplona, and there, during its defence a mighty warrior, Ignatius Loyola, (incurred disgrace/obloquy ??), and for that reason he</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size:
13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">finally quit his feverish endeavours/activities in honour of land (conquests?), in order to seek out for himself a less mercenary occupation, for the sake of his Supreme Lord, Christ Jesus."</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">[NOTE : 'aithanchanyan' seems to mean (city which was) 'overlord over' the others. Could we have another example here also, in that locative 'a-' prefix, of that (here, implied) comparative 'more than' idea, as mentioned in a previous post?
</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Exact sense of Reflexive Verb "oiglushicA" remains unclear to me - ones learns from historical research that St. Ignatius Loyola, a founder of the Jesuits, (as was St. Fr. Xavier), was originally a rapacious military captain who had his leg shattered by a cannonball, in the siege of Pamplona. </font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Here, (pace Frs. B.&M.'s definition of : 'spoil one's own reputation;'disgrace oneself'), the word would appear to signify not much more than 'got himself
hurt'/'got himself into bad trouble'. </font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">The fascinating word "wophethethu(n)shni", I thought to be prob. based on the Root "ophethun" [="buy"], so I interpreted the word as a Reduplicated & negated Stative Verb/"adjective" referring to the "wowasi" with a sense something akin to : "(He sought out for himself) "wowasi" [=work, occupation] that was "isamya" [=more]</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">"non-commercial-->unsordid"--> 'less mercenary/involving less filthy
lucre'.]</font></div></span></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">(Biblical Quotation at bottom of page) : "Wathi taku he? Wakhanthanka! Matuwe he?" [1 Par.17, 16.] </font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">"What is my home? God! Who am I?"</font></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-family: Georgia;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ; min-height: 15px;"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">The biblical quotation from 1 Chronicles 17, 16., does not appear in my 1928 edition of Wildenhues's translation, whereas these citations from Scripture are given on each page of the 1922 German original. (Incidentally, 'Par.' is an abbreviation of 'Paraleipomenon', first word of the Greek title of 'Chronicles', in the Septuagint.)</font></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ; min-height:
15px;"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">As I see it, given the fact that Emil AFRAID-OF-HAWK was doing something quite bold & unprecedented here : In translating a text of such a quintessentialy European</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">provenance into Lakota, he has performed his task with marvellous talent & brilliant originality.</font></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-family: Georgia; font-style:
normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ; min-height: 15px;"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">I believe also that the exercise of a little imagination allows one easily to see the attraction which the turbulent history of such "Warrior-Saints" as those militant Basque</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">firebrands, St.Francis Xavier, and St. Ignatius Loyola, might have exercised for a Lakota!</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">Both men of action, both scions of long line of proud, rebellious fighting-men of legendary courage!</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ;" face="Georgia" size="4">What better subject for a Lakota author?</font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;">Regards,</div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;">Clive Bloomfield.</div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px;">P.S. Having stated my (or, more importantly, Emil AFRAID-OF-HAWK'S) case in the halls of
learning, a thing I had long resolved to do, I will henceforth call a halt to my 'campaign', in this place, on behalf of the distinguished Lakhota author Emil AFRAID-OF-HAWK!</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ; min-height: 15px;"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ; min-height: 15px;"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: ; min-height: 15px;"><br></div></span></font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br></span></font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br></span></font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br></span></font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br></span></font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font
class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br></span></font></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br></span></font></div></blockquote><br><p>
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