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<div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">It is fascinating to delve into these Lakota words for animals which seem somewhat exotic to the Lakhota Makhoche! </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">One notes that, according to B-Md. [p.341] the word wamnitu, which (unless, as Bruce muses, it is a folk-etymology) seems to mean originally not much more than "thing/ creature (which lives?) in the water" [wa-mni-tu]-->"sea-monster"??, may also be applied to the HIPPOPOTAMUS, which again, to the best of my knowledge, would not be found in huge numbers on the Great Plains of North America! ;) </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">As a matter of interest, in the OT story of Jonas & the Whale, Buechel's Bible History Stories (1924) merely uses (p.127) : "HOGAN TANKA" [= big fish] for the famous 'whale'.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; "> </span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; ">I wonder could anybody be so kind as to look up the word or expression which Riggs/Williamson/J.Renville use in the Dakota Old Testament to translate "LEVIATHAN" in that splendid & familiar old verse from book of Job, where God bullies & overawes poor suffering Job :</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;">"Canst thou draw out leviathan with an hook?" [JOB; Chaper 41, 1]</span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; ">John Poage Williamson supplies : "hogan iyotan tanka" for 'whale' in his Engl-Dakota Dict., [Iapi Oaye Press, Yankton Agency, 1886; p.140]</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; ">Dakota Genesis, which I do have, reads, at 1:21 : "Hecen Wakantanka hogan tankinyanyan oicah^ye..." : "And God created great whales,..." </span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">There are also :</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">1) "CHUWINUNGE" /chuwínuNg^e/ (meaning, presumably "swollen-backed" or "hunch-backed") now also meaning "CAMEL". [A Buech. BH 1924 word, I think]</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;">Interestingly, J.P.Williamson gives 'cankahu pajo' /chaNkáhu paz^ó/ for the ship of the desert. </span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;">That would appear to mean something like : "(creature with) prominent back-bone" </span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;">Cf. pajóla: "hillock"; pajóya : (advb) "hill-like; swelled up (as pimples get (!))" [B-Md. pp.262-263]</span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">2) "SHUNKA WICASHA" /s^uNká wichàs^a/ [I guess, given that accentuation by B-M.(p.291) signifying "man(like)-dog"?---> "MONKEY".] </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">Evidently monkeys must have tickled the Lakota sense of humour somewhat, because I've come across a couple of other funny & strikingly descriptive words for these humanoid little beasts :</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">3) "HEYOLELA" /heyólela/ [=little seeker for lice (héya) (See B&D; Sect.8; p.10];</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">4) "WAUNCHALA" /waúNchala/ [=little mocker, or imitator (See B&D; Sect.55; p.54)]. </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">J. Poage Williamson has : "waunca" for monkey [E-Ddict. p.107]</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">Finally, there is this totally intriguing & mysterious word :</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face="Georgia" size="4" style="font: 13.0px Georgia">5) UNHCEGILA /uNh^cég^ila/ : Buechel-Manhart [p.318], quoting S.R. Riggs, (who glosses it with 'T' Teton), supplies : "MASTODON, perhaps, or other large animals whose petrified remains are found in the Dakota Territory" An ancient word? "Lakotafied" from another language?? </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;">Love to know the etymology of that one!</span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Georgia" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;">Clive.</span></font></div><div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>On 24/01/2008, at 10:57 AM, shokooh Ingham wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite">The other one I like is wamnitu 'whale', which I presume is analysable as wa- something, mni- water -tu 'to be' ie 'something which is in water', though probably other Siouanists willl tell me mine is a folk etymology and it is really a borrowing from some other Siouan language. Any info?<br>Bruce<br><blockquote class="replbq" style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16, 255); margin-left: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span class="125365620-23012008"></span><o:p></o:p></span></div></blockquote><br><div> <br class="khtml-block-placeholder"></div><hr size="1"> Sent from <a href="http://us.rd.yahoo.com/mailuk/taglines/isp/control/*http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=51949/*http://uk.docs.yahoo.com/mail/winter07.html">Yahoo!</a> - a smarter inbox.</blockquote></div><br></body></html>