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Anthony, Interesting topic. Have just checked Rigg's Dakota version of the BOOK OF REVELATIONS (St. John's Apocalypse), entitled :<div> </div><div>"Wayuotanin Tawa Kin" /Wayu'othaN'iN Tha'wa KiN/ [lit.=his making manifest/his manifestation], </div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>at 4:2; and 21:18 to 21, where, as you know, all those exotic names for the precious stones occur in a large cluster.<div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>Unsurprisingly enough, (one supposes), they either appear transliterated virtually unchanged from the original Greek, or almost --- (in the following instance, for example, the Ancient voiceless/voiced Greek liquid continuant 'rho/ro' is assimilated in sound to the Dakota voiceless uvular fricative, for some reason. Influence of French-speaking assistants/informants perhaps?) -- or else are rendered by vague-seeming or generalized expressions like inyan teh^ika /i'NyaN theh^i'ka/ 'precious stone(s)!</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>e.g. </div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>REV 4: 3</div><div>============= </div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>"And he that sat <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#800080">was</font> to look upon <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#800080">like</font> <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF00FF">jasper</font> and a <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">sardine </font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF"><precious></font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000"> </font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#996633">stone</font> : and there was a rainbow round about the throne, in sight <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#800080">like unto</font> an <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF8000">emerald</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000"> </font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF"><stone></font>." (KJV)</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#000000">[N.B. :</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF"> <...></font> denotes word not in original, inserted for sake of clarity.]</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>Tuwe akan iyotanke cin he iwanyankapi kin <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#996633">inyan</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF"> (teh^ika)</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">, </font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF00FF">iyaspis</font> qa <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">sah^dinos</font> <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#800080">iyececa</font>; qa oiyotanke kin ihdukshan wihmunke wan hmihbeya yanka, <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF8000">smah^agdos</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000"> </font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">(inyan)</font> kin <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#800080">iyececa</font>.</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>[Here <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">(...)-</font>bracketed words refer to aforesaid insertions, but ARE in orig. Dakota text.]</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>Orig. NT Greek words here are, transliterated respectively : </div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF00FF">iaspidi</font> [Dat Sg. Fem.] <<font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF00FF"> iaspis</font> 'jasper'; </div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">sardioi</font> [Dat.Sg.Neut.]<<font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">sardion</font> 'carnelian/cornelian/sardine (from Sardis) stone', and </div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF8000">smaragdinoi</font> [<<font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF8000"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">Adjective <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF8000">smaragdinos </font> 'emeraldine; 'made of emerald'; Dat. Sg.Fem. modifying Dat.Sg.Fem. noun : <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">horasei</font><<font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">horasis</font> =(here)'</span><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">appearance</font><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">; </span><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">outward aspect</font><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">']</span></font></div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF8000"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">[NB: To lend support to this interpretation of that (prob. Greek </span><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#996633">2-gender-termination</font><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">) adjective's gender, is fact that Clementine Vulgate text has an exactly corresponding phrase : </span></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF8000"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">'</span><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">visioni</font><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "> </span>zmaragdinae<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">', both noun & adj. being Dat.Sg.Fem. (Greek '</span><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">horasis</font><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">' (f.)= Latin '</span><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">visio</font><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">'(f.); Greek m./f. adj. '</span>smaragdinos<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">'=Latin f. adj. '</span>zmaragdina<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">') ] </span></font></div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>Actual grammatical reason for use of Dative cases here, is that both adjective & noun are governed in their turn by adjectives each meaning "<font class="Apple-style-span" color="#800080">like</font> (TO/UNTO)" </div><div>: In the Greek text : "<font class="Apple-style-span" color="#800080">homoios</font>" (here, <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#996633">2-termination adj.</font>), in the Latin : '<font class="Apple-style-span" color="#800080">similis</font>' : these two agree in case, number & gender with the noun '<font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">iris</font>' (Nom.Sg.Fem.), which in both languages denotes '<font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">rainbow</font>'.</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>(Corresponding Greek noun here would be <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF8000">smaragdos</font> (m. or f.) ='emerald', which is the actual Greek word, Riggs et al. have transliterated & 'Dakotafied' above.)</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>REV 21:18 to 21</div><div>====================</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>Dakota Words (in order of appearance) : </div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>21:18 iyaspis; <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">mazaskazi</font> <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">ecedan</font> [=<font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">gold</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF"> only</font>; i.e. pure gold]. </div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>21-19 <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">inyan</font> <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">teh^ika</font> <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF00FF">ocaje owasin</font>; iyaspis; saphiros; kalkedon; smaragdos. </div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>21-20 sardonis; sardius; krusolitos; berulos; topaz; krusophrasos; huakinthos; amathustos.</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>21-21 <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">inyan teh^ika</font> ocaje <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">ake nom</font> [=<font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">twelve</font> sorts of <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">precious stones</font> (pearls?)]; <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">inyan teh^ika</font> <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">wanjidan</font>; <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">mazaskazi</font> ecedan <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">janjan</font> iyecen wiyatpa.</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>NT Greek originals in same order (all given in Nominative Sg. form, where possible) :</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>21:18 iaspis; <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">khrysion</font> <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">katharon [=pure </font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">gold</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">]</font>.</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>21-19 <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF00FF">pas</font><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000"> lithos</font> <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">timios</font> [=<font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF00FF">every (sort of)</font> <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">precious</font> <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">stone</font>(2)]; iaspis; sapphiros; khalkedon; smaragdos.</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>21-20 sardonyx; sardion; khrysolithos; beryllos; topasdion; khrysoprasos; hyakinthos; amethystos.</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>21-21 <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">dodeka</font> <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">margaritai</font> [=<font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">twelve</font> <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">pearls</font>]; <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">heis</font> <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">margarites</font> [=<font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">a</font> <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">single</font> <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">pearl</font>]; <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">khrysion</font> katharon hos <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">hyalos</font> diauges [lit.= <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000">gold </font>pure as <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000FF">glass</font> translucent]</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>J.Poage Williamson's Engl-Dakota dict. (1886) has inyan teh^ika for 'pearl' as well as for 'jewelry'.</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>Regards,</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>Clive.</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>P.S. How there, bonny lad? How've those funny-talking Mackem types south of the Tyne, been treating you lately? ;)</div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>P.P.S. Done much Hebrew, Greek & Latin?</div><div> </div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div><div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>On 24/01/2008, at 10:06 PM, Anthony Grant wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite"><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: -1; ">As a matter of interest, what does the Lakota NT do with such items as the lists of precious stones in the Book of Revelations? The names and entities (chrysoprase, for instance) are mostly as alien to native speakers of </span></div><div>English as they would be to Lakota speakers. </div><div><br></div><div>Anthony</div></blockquote></div></div></div></body></html>