<br><tt><font size=2>Bryan wrote:</font></tt>
<br><tt><font size=2>> </font></tt><font size=3>Let's not forget that
/w/ in both Japanese and O'odham surfaces as a bilabial fricative in certain
contexts [ΙΈ]. I believe that in both languages the /w/ is produced with
tensed rather than rounded lips, and has a much lesser velar component
than in English.<br>
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<br><tt><font size=2>I can partially vouch for that in Japanese. I
noticed the tense rather than rounded quality of /w/ in the first semester
from the teacher's pronunciation, as well as the lack of a real [u] sound;
the Japanese /u/ comes out more like the sound in "book" than
in "boot". Except for /o/, they don't seem to round their
lips. On the other hand, I have also read somewhere that this is
characteristic of the Tokyo dialect, so it might not apply to Japanese
or Japonic in general.</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=2>The Japanese syllabaries are defective in the /w-/
set, having only /wa/ and sometimes /wo/, which latter seems to exist only
as the object marker and is usually pronounced as a strong o. The
bilabial fricative is perhaps the ancestor of the /h-/ series, which surfaces
as /b-/ and /p-/, as well as /h-/ for /ha/, /he/ and /ho/, a voiceless
velar fricative for /hi/, a voiceless bilabial fricative for /hu/, and
an alternate wa for /ha/ when used as the topic marker. It looks
like lips and velum may both have been used for this originally.</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=2>Rory</font></tt>
<br>