<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" ><tr><td valign="top" style="font: inherit;"><DIV>Thank you, everyone, for the feedback. </DIV>
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<DIV>Of course Biloxi also has the gender-specific declaratives na (male) and ni (female) - although their use was apparently not obligatory by the time of Dorsey's data gathering. I hadn't thought of these as being 'evidential' per se, although I'm sure their use or lack thereof may have had some discourse significance. Also, I should include the narrative-terminating 'etuxa' (meaning something like "they say it always") among the Biloxi evidentials - a way of saying the story has been passed down from prior generations and is not original to the current storyteller.</DIV>
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<DIV>Dave<BR><BR>--- On <B>Wed, 3/18/09, Rory M Larson <I><rlarson@unlnotes.unl.edu></I></B> wrote:<BR></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(16,16,255) 2px solid">From: Rory M Larson <rlarson@unlnotes.unl.edu><BR>Subject: Re: Siouan evidentiality<BR>To: siouan@lists.Colorado.EDU<BR>Date: Wednesday, March 18, 2009, 10:03 AM<BR><BR>
<DIV id=yiv460354104><BR><TT><FONT size=2>Thanks for the addition, Justin! So to pull Kaw and Omaha/Ponca together comparatively:</FONT></TT> <BR><BR><TT><FONT size=2>OP tHe and Kaw c^He are presumably the same word, and are used similarly. I suppose this means in the evidential sense, correct? Any trace of perfective use?</FONT></TT> <BR><BR><TT><FONT size=2>The Kaw declaratives ao and (y)e would surely correspond to OP ha-u and he. In the 19th century, the u that frequently followed male ha in OP was still a separate particle. It apparently functioned as a "Hey, you!" attention getter when calling to somebody. Only males were rude enough to do this, so it stuck to the ha as a male emphatic. If you already had someone's attention, you could just use plain ha. In 20th century Omaha, ha-u, usually written as ho, is still used. It's not an obligatory declarative ending, but conveys manly emphaticness
and seems to be appreciated like a firm handshake. /o/ => /u/ in OP, so the attention-getting particle is old in Dhegihan, and was originally o as in Kaw. The original system would be:</FONT></TT> <BR><BR><TT><FONT size=2>a - men's emphatic/declarative => OP ha</FONT></TT> <BR><TT><FONT size=2>e - women's emphatic/declarative => OP he, Kaw (y)e </FONT></TT><BR><TT><FONT size=2>o - attention getting particle, used only by men, and often attached to male a as a-o => Kaw ao/o, OP hau/ho</FONT></TT> <BR><BR><TT><FONT size=2>Do you ever have anything like i or bi before ao/o? What about the circumstances for the sometimes-y in front of the female particle? Is that conditioned by a preceding front vowel, or could it be a Kaw version of the OP i particle?</FONT></TT> <BR><BR><TT><FONT size=2>I can't think of anything like skaN e in OP, but that seems to ring a bell for the 'hearsay' final in some other MVS language I've
looked at in the past, either Dakotan or Winnebago-Chiwere or both. I suspect that is the original, which has somehow been replaced by ama/biama in OP.</FONT></TT> <BR><BR><TT><FONT size=2>Rory</FONT></TT> <BR></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></td></tr></table><br>