<html><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt"><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(0, 0, 191);">Bob wrote:<br></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(0, 0, 191);">4. The Common Siouan 'potential, irrealis', kte, has its source in the
Proto-Siouan word for 'to want'. It retains that meaning in Biloxi,
Crow and some other languages. 'Want' is grammaticalized as a future
tense or potential mode marker in many languages including English,
Greek and many Balkan languages, so there's nothing strange here. </span> <br></div><div><br></div><div>Lakota -ktA 'future, etc.' is also frequently used with an intentional meaning, as in iyayiN-kte 's/he wanted to leave (go-intentional'). So the 'woman + want' etymology for wiNkte 'homosexual' sounds fine to me.</div><div><br></div><div>Regina</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><div style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="Arial" size="2"><hr size="1"><b><span style="font-weight:bold;">From:</span></b> "Rankin, Robert L" <rankin@ku.edu><br><b><span style="font-weight: bold;">To:</span></b> "siouan@lists.Colorado.EDU" <siouan@lists.Colorado.EDU><br><b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, August 23, 2011 12:05 AM<br><b><span style="font-weight:
bold;">Subject:</span></b> RE: Omaha and Lakota Words<br></font><br>I can't contribute much to this discussion, but there are a couple of things that can be said.<br><br>1. wiN is the first syllable of the common Siouan term for 'woman'. wiN and min ~ mi are cognates. <br><br>2. wiN (miN ~ mi) is also the reconstructible term for 'orb' and is the basis for the terms for both 'sun' and 'moon'. Dakotan wi is very irregular. The word has nasalization in every other Siouan language for which nasality is phonemic. Dakotan 'star', wichaxpe is similarly irregular; cf. Kansa mikkak?e.<br><br>3. The Kansa term is miixoge. 'Badger' is xoNga, so that is quite different. <br><br>4. The Common Siouan 'potential, irrealis', kte, has its source in the Proto-Siouan word for 'to want'. It retains that meaning in Biloxi, Crow and some other languages. 'Want' is grammaticalized as a future tense or potential mode marker in
many languages including English, Greek and many Balkan languages, so there's nothing strange here. <br><br>5. I have no idea whether these terms refer to femininity, the moon, etc. or whether the entire explanation might be folk etymology. Someone more familiar with the cultures may be better at explaining these things than a hard core linguist.<br><br>Bob<br><br><br>________________________________________<br>From: <a ymailto="mailto:owner-siouan@lists.Colorado.EDU" href="mailto:owner-siouan@lists.Colorado.EDU">owner-siouan@lists.Colorado.EDU</a> [<a ymailto="mailto:owner-siouan@lists.Colorado.EDU" href="mailto:owner-siouan@lists.Colorado.EDU">owner-siouan@lists.Colorado.EDU</a>] on behalf of ROOD DAVID S [<a ymailto="mailto:David.Rood@Colorado.EDU" href="mailto:David.Rood@Colorado.EDU">David.Rood@Colorado.EDU</a>]<br>Sent: Monday, August 22, 2011 12:48 PM<br>To: <a ymailto="mailto:siouan@lists.Colorado.EDU"
href="mailto:siouan@lists.Colorado.EDU">siouan@lists.Colorado.EDU</a><br>Subject: Re: Omaha and Lakota Words<br><br>Scott, I have never thought about trying to do an etymology of winkte,<br>but Mark has given me some ideas. WiN is indeed a very common morpheme<br>for 'woman', used as the final element in almost all women's names, for<br>example. Mark's guess at xti is wrong, however -- that would be xci or<br>xce in Lakota. kte is the irrealis mode marker, usually glossed future<br>tense in English, so the meaning could be something like 'will be a woman'<br>or 'might be a woman'.<br> I wonder if wiN and Omaha mi are cognate, despite the difference<br>in meaning. Lakota 'moon' is wi, without nasalization.<br><br> David<br><br>David S. Rood<br>Dept. of Linguistics<br>Univ. of Colorado<br>295 UCB<br>Boulder, CO 80309-0295<br>USA<br><a ymailto="mailto:rood@colorado.edu"
href="mailto:rood@colorado.edu">rood@colorado.edu</a><br><br>On Mon, 22 Aug 2011, Mark J Awakuni-Swetland wrote:<br><br>> Aloha Scott,<br>> We have generally glossed miqu'ga as:<br>><br>> mi-moon<br>> qu'ga- marked<br>><br>> Qu'ga is also the Omaha name for badger, distinguished by the clear "mark"<br>> on its face.<br>><br>> So, "marked by the moon", referring to the feminine/female qualities of<br>> that celestial being in Omaha cosmology.<br>><br>><br>> I would hazard a stab at winxti from an Omaha perspectiv as:<br>><br>> win-feminine<br>> xti-very, really<br>><br>> Or, "very female".<br>><br>> Mark<br>><br>><br>> Mark Awakuni-Swetland, Ph.D.<br>> Associate Professor of Anthropology & Ethnic Studies<br>> Native American Studies Program Liaison<br>> University of Nebraska<br>> Department of Anthropology<br>> 841 Oldfather Hall<br>> Lincoln, NE
68588-0368<br>><br>> <a href="http://omahalanguage.unl.edu" target="_blank">http://omahalanguage.unl.edu</a><br>> <a href="http://omahaponca.unl.edu" target="_blank">http://omahaponca.unl.edu</a><br>> Phone 402-472-3455<br>> FAX: 402-472-9642<br>><br>><br>><br>> Scott Collins <<a ymailto="mailto:saponi360@yahoo.com" href="mailto:saponi360@yahoo.com">saponi360@yahoo.com</a>><br>> Sent by: <a ymailto="mailto:owner-siouan@lists.Colorado.EDU" href="mailto:owner-siouan@lists.Colorado.EDU">owner-siouan@lists.Colorado.EDU</a><br>> 08/21/11 06:34 PM<br>> Please respond to<br>> <a ymailto="mailto:siouan@lists.Colorado.EDU" href="mailto:siouan@lists.Colorado.EDU">siouan@lists.Colorado.EDU</a><br>><br>><br>> To<br>> <a ymailto="mailto:siouan@lists.Colorado.EDU" href="mailto:siouan@lists.Colorado.EDU">siouan@lists.Colorado.EDU</a><br>> cc<br>><br>> Subject<br>> Omaha and Lakota
Words<br>><br>><br>><br>><br>><br>><br>><br>> I was wondering if anyone may have a breakdown of the word mexoga in Omaha<br>> and the word winkte in Lakota; i.e such as root words and literal<br>> meanings?<br>><br>> Scott P. Collins<br>><br>><br><br><br><br></div></div></div></body></html>