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<DIV style="font-color: black"><B>From:</B> <A
title="mailto:jgoodtracks@gmail.com
CTRL + Click to follow link"
href="mailto:jgoodtracks@gmail.com">Jimm G. GoodTracks</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, March 08, 2012 9:18 AM</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <A
title="mailto:iowaysonline@yahoogroups.com
CTRL + Click to follow link"
href="mailto:iowaysonline@yahoogroups.com">iowaysonline@yahoogroups.com</A>
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<DIV><B>Subject:</B> THE NAME "IOWAY"</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>
<P
style="MARGIN: auto auto auto -0.1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes"
class=MsoNormalCxSpFirst><FONT face="Times New Roman"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #0033cc"><FONT
size=3>Báxoje</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">n.</I><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3>Ioway Indian</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">
(lit.: “snow grey”) (<I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">person, the people,
the language or the tribe</I>)</SPAN><FONT size=3>.</FONT><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"> [NOTE: The term designates anything of Ioway
origins.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>ALSO: The term refers to
the traditional village near Fallis, Okla. and various sites around White Cloud,
Kans.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>In recent times, it refers to
Perkins, Okla. and White Cloud, KS area specifically.<B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"> <o:p></o:p></B></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P
style="MARGIN: auto auto auto -0.1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes"
class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>There is some disagreement among people on the meaning and origin of the
word Ioway.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The term “Ioway” per se
has no meaning, or at best, it is a corrupted term of unknown meaning, similar
to the popular appellation “Sioux.”<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN: auto auto auto -0.1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes"
class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>All Siouan groups and some Algonquian (the Illinois, Miami, et.al.)
called the Ioway by some form of their traditional name for themselves --
Báxoje.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Only among the Lakota
(Teton Sioux, et.al), Dakota (Wahpeton Sioux, et.al.) and “Nakota” (Santee
Sioux, et.al.) exists a different term, namely: ayúxwa (L), ayúxba (D/N).<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>S.Riggs states in 1890 that the term
meant “sleepy ones” from the D/N verb: yúxba (be drowsy, sleepy).<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>But it does NOT follow over to the
Lakota dialect, as the verb “xwa” [“Ayuxba” = a- (<I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">on</I>) + yu- (<I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">by hand; cause s.t.</I>)<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>+ xwa (L.)/ xba (D.) (<I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">sleepy</I>)].<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>So the D/N version should mean “cause to
be...on” (or) “cause by hand on.”<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>The Lakota equivalent is: ayóxpa (throw down on), which is matched by the
D/Nakota term: yúxpa (broken off). <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN: auto auto auto -0.1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes"
class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN><B>So a likely original meaning of the term “Ioway” could be “those
broken off” -- a reference to a separation of a splinter group, as in the actual
history of the Ioway from the Otoe.</B> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN: auto auto auto -0.1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes"
class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>Folktales and folk etymologies conceived by a variety of early writers
have composed a number of spurious tales.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>Some of these tales indicate the term Ioway means “sleepy ones,” “bone
marrow,” “fanciful,” “here is the spot,” and “this is the place to dwell in
peace.”<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>One popular tale suggests
the term to mean “dusty head (<I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">or</I>)
dusty nose,” as a remembrance of an assumed whole tribal migration, walking on
dry river beds.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>One can break up
the term and force a suggested translation to that effect from the Lakota-Dakota
term, but a problem with the elements of analysis are that they are not in the
correct position to arrive at the meaning of “dusty head ~ nose.”<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>In order to do that, the term would have
to be:<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>“pa-ayux^a.”<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>As such, this latter possibility must be
rejected as a possibility. <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN: auto auto auto -0.1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes"
class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>The fact that the L/D/Nakota, also being Siouan language, do not share
the name “Báxoje” in some form similar with the rest of the Siouan language
communities suggest a different historical relationship with the Ioway.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>There is no known term for the Ioway or
Otoe among the Crow, Hidatsa and Mandan -- all northern Siouan groups.
<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN: auto auto auto -0.1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes"
class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>Perhaps it was due to the remoteness of the L/D/Nakota in regions that
now compose Montana, Dakota and Michigan where they, the L/D/Nakota resided when
the “Báxoje” name developed amoung the ancestors of the historic Ioway-Otoe
ancestors.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>And that it must have
been at a later time, in the course of the migrations of the L/D/Nakota groups,
that they came to give them a name different than the tribal groups to the
south.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Where and whenever it was
they met, a name for the strangers was in order, and “Ayúxba” for the Ioway was
the result. <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN: auto auto auto -0.1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes"
class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>Since most Algonquian languages (Sauk, Fox, Kickapoo, Ojibwe, Potawatomi,
Ottawa, Menominee, et.al) have some form of this term “Ayúxba,” is to suggest
that a direction of the first borrowing from the Dakota was likely by the
Chippewa (Ojibwe) and Ottawa.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Then
later about the 17th century, it was adopted by the refugee tribes from the
Michigan peninsula who were being forced out of their own homelands by white
encroachment and thus, they took into their own languages the term without any
folk etymologies.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Algonquian
linguistic forms support this borrowing of the term:<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>a:yaho:we:wa (Fox), a:yohoea (Kickapoo),
ayo:ho:we:w (Menominee). <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN: auto auto auto -0.1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes"
class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>About the 17th century, the French entered into indigenous country.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Father Louis Andre (1676), Cavelier de
la Salle (1881) asked the name of the people ahead of their exploration travels,
and they learned the Algonquian form of the term “Ioway.”<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>They forthwith adopted these Algonquian
terms, and adjusted the term to French linguistics which rendered: Ayaouais,
Ayaouez, Ajouez, Ayavois, etc. <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN: auto auto auto -0.1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes"
class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>In the 18th century, the Spanish picked up the term and again spelled it
in Spanish linguistics as:<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Ayoa,
Aiaoas, Hayuas.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Then the English
arrived and took the diphthong “ai” and transcribe it as an “I” from which time,
the term began to written as such by the 1760s as “Ioway.”<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>And by the early 1880s the officials of
the<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>US government invariably used
the designation, even though Lt. J. Henry Carleton in his “The Prairie Logbooks”
commented that the “Pa-ha-cae ~ Paxoche” do not call themselves “Ioway” nor do
their surrounding Indian Nations call them by the term “Ioway.”
<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN: auto auto auto -0.1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes"
class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>The “Americans,” had already decided that the name for the Báxoje Indians
would was “Ioway” and thus all the area rivers, creeks, lakes and towns were
dubbed “Ioway.”<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>And that is the
spelling used in all seven treaties made between the Báxoje and the US
Government between 1824 and 1854.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>The spelling in English reflects the pronunciation during the Pioneer
period.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>And in 1937, all tribal
corporate charters were compelled to spell their tribal affiliations as “Iowa”
to coincide with the orthography for the official state name.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Nevertheless, the earlier pronunciation
persists amongst the Báxoje people, who by the turn of the century were
compelled to speak only English. <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN: auto auto auto -0.1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes"
class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">This synopsis composed from
Mildred Mott, “A Synonymy of Names for The Ioway Indians”</I>]</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P
style="MARGIN: auto auto auto -0.1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes"
class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Hi<SUP>n</SUP>jéga
mi<SUP>n</SUP>táwe Jiwére éwa^u<SUP>n</SUP>na áre Baxóje idánahá th^íhšji
umína,<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>ú<SUP>n</SUP>girage<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>“Báxoje ha^ú<SUP>n</SUP> ke,” é
tára^o,<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>My Otoe uncle who lived
among the Ioway for a long time, he was telling me, “I’m just like</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"> (<I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">as</I>)
</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">the Ioway.”<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Báxoje Jiwere tógre upárekikiñe
ki,<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The Iowas and the Otoes
understand one another.</SPAN><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"> [W. Báxodse; Os. Báxodse; L.D. Ayúxba]</SPAN></I><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">.</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P
style="MARGIN: auto auto auto -0.1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes"
class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>**<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #0033cc">Báxoje
Chína</SPAN>,</B><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Iowa
community</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"> (<I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">A reference to all Ioway members, enrolled
or not enrolled, and descendants, irrespective wheather they live in or around
the principal towns of Perkins and White Cloud</I>)</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">.</SPAN><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"> <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></I><FONT size=3><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="COLOR: #0033cc">Báxojemi</SPAN>,</B><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN></I>an Ioway Indian female</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"> (<I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">woman</I> (<I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">or</I>) <I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">girl</I>)</SPAN><FONT size=3>. <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #0033cc">Baxóje
Wokígo,</SPAN></B><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Ioway Society;
Club</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"> (GM)</SPAN><FONT size=3>.</FONT><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"> [W. waaxóc;
K/OmP. Páxoje; Os. </SPAN></I><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: ES" lang=ES>Báxodse]</SPAN></I><FONT
size=3><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: ES" lang=ES>.</SPAN></I><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: ES" lang=ES><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P
style="MARGIN: auto auto auto -0.1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes"
class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle><FONT face="Times New Roman"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="COLOR: #0033cc; mso-ansi-language: ES" lang=ES><FONT
size=3>báxoje</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: ES" lang=ES><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">v.t.</I><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3>cut open; cut hole
in</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">: (I..., habáxoje; you..., rabáxoje;
we..., hi<SUP>n</SUP>báxojewi; they..., baxójeñe)</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>Idáre rógrigi báxojàšgu<SUP>n</SUP>; aré wa<SUP>n</SUP>^shíge ída
axéweñàšgu<SUP>n</SUP>,<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>And so, he
<U>cut open</U> the side (<I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">of the</I>
“wórahoje: sucks-them-in” ogre), and the people came out.</SPAN><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"> [W.
maa<SUP>n</SUP>^á/ maa<SUP>n</SUP>háp; K. babláze; Q. basté (pierce); H. haxúdi/
hobíhe; Cr. dak^ó·pi(ky)</SPAN></I><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 7pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">]</SPAN></I><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>**<I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">SEE</I>: <B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="COLOR: black">rixóje.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></SPAN></FONT></P></FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>