<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" ><tr><td valign="top" style="font: inherit;"><DIV>For Bald Cypress, based on the word in Biloxi which is borrowed word from Choctaw, I have come up with the following in Tutel-Saponi for this word:</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>xa:pi -xti -ta dalanon ho oto:</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>dalanon ho = shake ir shaking or moving fast in a back and forth manner</DIV>
<DIV>oto: = leaf (also means grass)</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>xa:pi = bark</DIV>
<DIV>-xti = augmentative</DIV>
<DIV>-ta = great or big</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>xa:pi -xti -ta this is in refernce to the trunk and dalanon ho oto: in reference to the 'shaking leaves' from the definition of the Choctaw word kolo as in shan-kolo.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Literally the big trunked tree with shaking leaves.</DIV>
<DIV><BR><BR>Scott P. Collins<BR>----------------------------------------------------------------------<BR>WE ARE THE ONES WE HAVE BEEN WAITING FOR<BR><BR>Evil Is An Outer Manifestation Of An Inner Struggle<BR><BR>“Men and women become accomplices to those evils they fail to oppose.”<BR><BR>"The greater the denial the greater the awakening."<BR><BR>--- On <B>Sun, 5/13/12, Rankin, Robert L. <I><rankin@KU.EDU></I></B> wrote:<BR></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE style="BORDER-LEFT: rgb(16,16,255) 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px"><BR>From: Rankin, Robert L. <rankin@KU.EDU><BR>Subject: Re: Biloxi Words and Tutelo-Saponi<BR>To: SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu<BR>Date: Sunday, May 13, 2012, 4:36 PM<BR><BR>
<DIV class=plainMail>Here in Kansas the farmers call osage oranges "hedge apples". The tree is often called simply "hedge". It makes a forbidding boundary because of those long, nasty thorns. Which reminds me, "thorn apple" is another term I've heard. And, yes, Tutelo should have retained the /xąte/ or /xǫte/ pronunciation pretty much intact. We project that the original meaning was 'juniper'.<BR><BR>Bob<BR><BR>________________________________<BR>From: Siouan Linguistics [<A href="http://us.mc835.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu" ymailto="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</A>] on behalf of Scott Collins [<A href="http://us.mc835.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=saponi360@YAHOO.COM" ymailto="mailto:saponi360@YAHOO.COM">saponi360@YAHOO.COM</A>]<BR>Sent: Sunday, May 13, 2012 3:30 PM<BR>To: <A href="http://us.mc835.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu"
ymailto="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</A><BR>Subject: Re: Biloxi Words and Tutelo-Saponi<BR><BR>I know that among our people of Saponi that the "Cedar" a.k.a. Juniper and the Cypress are sacred trees used for various things such as guarding graves and protection. Seems that there is no actual true cedar species in North America that is native. The trees refered to as cedars are actually either cypress trees or juniper trees. It is interesting that you bring up the subject of the Osage Orange tree, I was raised to call it the Horse Apple tree.<BR><BR>/xąte/ or /xǫte/ this is your projected word in Tutelo-Saponi for cedar correct?<BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR>Scott P. Collins<BR>----------------------------------------------------------------------<BR>WE ARE THE ONES WE HAVE BEEN WAITING FOR<BR><BR>Evil Is An Outer Manifestation Of An Inner Struggle<BR><BR>“Men and women become accomplices to those evils they fail
to oppose.”<BR><BR>"The greater the denial the greater the awakening."<BR><BR>--- On Sun, 5/13/12, Rankin, Robert L. <<A href="http://us.mc835.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=rankin@KU.EDU" ymailto="mailto:rankin@KU.EDU">rankin@KU.EDU</A>> wrote:<BR><BR>From: Rankin, Robert L. <<A href="http://us.mc835.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=rankin@KU.EDU" ymailto="mailto:rankin@KU.EDU">rankin@KU.EDU</A>><BR>Subject: Re: Biloxi Words and Tutelo-Saponi<BR>To: <A href="http://us.mc835.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu" ymailto="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</A><BR>Date: Sunday, May 13, 2012, 1:30 PM<BR><BR>There's a proto-Siouan 'cedar' word. I'll get it for you.<BR><BR>"Yellow wood" in the Dhegiha languages is reserved for the wood of the Osage orange. It was also called "the bow wood tree" because of the resilience of the branches. This is why it's called "bois d'arc" in French. Cedar
was considered holy among the Siouan tribes of the plains, but I don't know how far back East this goes.<BR><BR>The udi term in Biloxi is from proto-Siouan *hu:de which refers to the base or trunk of any object. It occurs in lots of tree names.<BR><BR>From the Comparative Siouan Dictionary:<BR><BR>GLOSS[ juniper, red cedar<BR><BR>PSI[ *xąte<BR><BR>MAndan[ óxtąre ~ óxtą ‘cedar’ H-134<BR><BR>MA[ oxtą́ ‘pine tree?’ C<BR><BR>MA[ oxtą́• ‘sage?’ C<BR><BR><BR><BR>PMV[ *xą́te<BR><BR>LAkota[ xąté ‘cedar’ C<BR><BR>DAkota[ †xąté “ḣaŋté” ‘cedar’ R-162a<BR><BR>Omaha-Ponca[ †xąde “áxoⁿdepa” ‘wrist guard’ FLF-225<BR><BR>Kanza[ xą́ǰe ‘cedar’ RR<BR><BR>OSage[ †xą́ce “xoⁿ´dse” ‘red cedar’ LF-219a<BR><BR>QUapaw[ xtté ‘cedar’ RR<BR><BR>QU[ xǫttéhi ‘cedar’ JOD<BR><BR><BR><BR>OTHLGS[ JEK: Iroquoian, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga ohnéhtaʔ, Huron
“xahⁿdéhtaʔ”,<BR><BR>Wyandot “andeta”, Tuscarora uhtéhneh, Mithun (1984, 270).<BR><BR><BR><BR>COMmentary[ The OP term refers to a packet strapped to the sacred (cedar) pole:<BR><BR>|a-| ‘on, upon’, |xąde| ‘cedar’, |-pa| ‘locative (?)’. (Analysis from JEK).<BR><BR>The BI term for ‘cedar’ is borrowed from Western Muskogean. QU stress has<BR><BR>shifted; it must have been initial earlier in order for the |*t| to geminate.<BR><BR>The MA root appears to exhibit an irregular syncope. Cedar has sacred<BR><BR>properties among all or most of the Siouan-speaking peoples.<BR><BR><BR>Note the look-alikes in Iroquoian languages. Numeroąus tree names are widespread terms.<BR><BR><BR>From these comparative data I would project the Tutelo word to be very similar, probably something very close to /xąte/ or /xǫte/, where /x/ is a gutteral sound like the "ch" of German Ach! Or Achtung!, words everybody knows from the
movies.<BR><BR><BR>The wasti word in Tutelo corresponds to the general Siouan term for 'pine', but could possibly mean 'cedar' also.<BR><BR><BR>Bob<BR></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></td></tr></table>