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<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff size=4>A question comes from the Otoe-Missouria
Language Dept. in regard to the unique conjugation of "w-" prefixed verbs,
such as, "wachí" (dance)[L/Dak], wawáchi, I dance/ wayáchi, you dance; "wasí"
(IOM). Also noted in (L/D) "maní" (walk), mayáni, you walk. We are
all aware of this phenomenon in Siouan Languages, but I do not recall anyone
discussing it.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff size=4></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff size=4>In the New Lakhota Dictionary:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff size=4>"wa-" 1. indefinite object marker.
Usage: can be translated with 'people, things' and often gives the verb a more
general or abstract meaning" p.541</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff size=4>NLD also speaks to a "large group of Lakota
verbs isactive verbs. They describe actions, espcially those governed or
controlled by the actor. They are the opposite of stative verbs....
that one has no controll over them. ... Active verbs are thus
all those verbs that do not take the affixes ma- and ni- for I and you
respectively." p.709</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff size=4></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff size=4>Can we have some explaination in easily
understandable English that I may share with the local language
communities?? jimm</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=sky@omtribe.org href="mailto:sky@omtribe.org">Campbell, Sky</A>
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A title=jgoodtracks@gmail.com
href="mailto:jgoodtracks@gmail.com">Jimm G. GoodTracks</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Monday, July 02, 2012 9:24 AM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> RE: Aho!</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV class=WordSection1>
<P class=MsoNormal><A name=_MailEndCompose><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d">Ah, so
perhaps it is the difference between the wa- being instrumental and the wa-
being a part of the actual verb stem/root? Or is the “wa-“ in “wasi”
some other kind of prefix that I’m unaware of? I’ve noticed that wa-
wears a LOT of hats in Otoe-Missouria LOL.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></A></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d">How was your weekend?
Got plans for the 4<SUP>th</SUP>?<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Sky
Campbell, B. A.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d">Curriculum Materials
Developer<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d">Language
Department<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d">Otoe-Missouria
Tribe<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d">580-723-4466 ext.
111<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="COLOR: #1f497d">sky@omtribe.org<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> Jimm G.
GoodTracks [mailto:jgoodtracks@gmail.com] <BR><B>Sent:</B> Sunday, July 01,
2012 4:48 PM<BR><B>To:</B> Campbell, Sky<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re:
Aho!<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: blue; FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">Ho
Hintado...... will be fine. Yes, you have the conjugations
correct for both "dance" & "write." Yes, there is a difference
in the kind of "wa-" prefix. For "write" the wa- is an
instrumental. For dance, it is a totally different phenomenon that
occurs across Siouan languages. I will try to research it, and see if I
can bring you an explanation. Meanwhile, It is not the only instance
where it ocurrs. </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P style="BACKGROUND: whitesmoke" class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <A
title=sky@omtribe.org href="mailto:sky@omtribe.org">Campbell, Sky</A>
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style="BACKGROUND: whitesmoke" class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Sent:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> Thursday, June
28, 2012 11:50 AM<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style="BACKGROUND: whitesmoke" class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">To:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <A
title=jgoodtracks@gmail.com href="mailto:jgoodtracks@gmail.com">Jimm G.
GoodTracks</A> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style="BACKGROUND: whitesmoke" class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Subject:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> RE:
Aho!<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d">Thanks for the reply!
I’ll go over this a few times to let it sink in. If there needs to be
some sort of kinship term, would hintaro work since I’m not an Otoe relation
(although following the thought of “we are all related” may apply here but
that might be a conversation for another time </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; COLOR: #1f497d">J</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: #1f497d"> )? Ho hintaro! or that sort of
thing?<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d">I have a question about
conjugating verbs that start with a “w”. I’ve noticed that sometimes
they conjugate differently and I was hoping you’d be able to tell me
why. Something tells me I may have asked you this before but I can’t be
sure LOL. For example:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d">wasi – he/she
dances<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d">waasi – I
dance<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d">warasi – you
dance<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d">wagaxe – he/she
writes<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d">hapagaxe – I
write<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d">swagaxe – you
write<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d">Is there a reason they are
done differently?<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Sky
Campbell, B. A.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d">Curriculum Materials
Developer<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d">Language
Department<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d">Otoe-Missouria
Tribe<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d">580-723-4466 ext.
111<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="COLOR: #1f497d">sky@omtribe.org<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
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