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<div style="direction: ltr;font-family: Arial;color: #000000;font-size: 14pt;"><font size="4"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">> From the Omaha side, I could probably help with the GL reflexes, as they stay GL in Omaha
and Ponka.<br>
<br>
Actually, it's not a problem in Osage and Kaw. Initial /l/ simply subs for original /gl/. The real problem with initial /gl/ is that it is mostly inflectional, primarily possessive, and, as such, does not undergo the phonological restructuring that /bl/ does.
In other words, /gl/ is supported by active morphophonemic alternations in all the languages. That doesn't happen with /bl/ or its nasal counterparts except in inflected 1st person sg. verb forms. I'm interested primarily in the cases of real restructuring
where there is no support from phonological alternation. <br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="4"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="4"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">I’m not sure I totally understand what we’re looking for here, though.
<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Arial">I’m saying that, because initial
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">BL </i>(along with nasalized <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">
bn-, mn-</i>) is all that is left of an initial disyllable, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">
*wvlv</i></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Gentium">ì</span></i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:
Arial">
</span></i><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Arial">(where <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">
v</i> is any vowel), we can’t expect to find many modern lexemes with the accentual pattern
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">blvCv</i></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:
Gentium;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">ì</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Gentium;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial">.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Arial"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></span></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Arial">This is because, in the older disyllable, accent would have become stranded on the initial syllable vowel after the first vowel in the word underwent syncope, i.e., dropped out.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>To find the pattern <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">blvCv</i></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:Gentium;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">ì</span></i></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Arial">
would imply a proto-Siouan accent pattern <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">
cvcvcv</i></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Gentium;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">ì
</span></i></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Arial">unless we posit massive accent shift.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></span></p>
<p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="4"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><br>
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<font size="4"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">> I thought the idea was that *bl and *gl represent primordial syllables, so that if they are word-initial the accent should be on the vowel immediately following them,
i.e. the underlying second syllable rather than the third.<br>
<br>
Primordial DIsyllables. And, yes, you're exactly right about the "</span></font><font size="4"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">underlying second syllable rather than the third."</span></font>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="4"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span></font></p>
<font size="4"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">> Anyway, here’s a list of *gl (gr-) initial words from the dictionary I’ve been working on. Most have the accent on the following vowel, but two of them, ‘across’
and ‘hawk’ have it on the “third” syllable. Discounting variants of the same root and two that have no further syllables, I’d say there are about 9 or 10 that take the accent immediately following initia<font size="4">l *gl.</font></span><font size="4">
</font></font>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="4"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span></font></p>
<font size="4"></font>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D"><font size="4"> Thanks for looking at the *GL set. I concentrated on the BL set in 4 languages and found almost exactly what I said last evening. If you
have a chance to look at the BDH pattern in Omaha, it would b<font size="4">e very welcome. Here are the results from the other languages:</font></font></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Arial">Kansa</span></u><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Arial"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>Of approx. 22 lexemes in initial <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">bl-</i> all accent the initial syllable except for reduplicanda, which always accent the 2<sup>nd</sup> duplicated syllable.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Arial">Osage</span></u><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Arial"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>Of 10 lexemes with initial <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">br</i>- all 10 accent the initial syllable.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>(Quintero).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Arial">Quapaw</span></u><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Arial"> approx. 18 lexemes in
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">bd-/bn-</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>Only one lexeme, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">bdasé</i> ‘shout, cry out’, plus a few reduplicanda, accent the 2<sup>nd</sup> syllable.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Arial">Dakota</span></u><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Arial"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>Of approx. 71 lexemes in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">bl-/mn</i>- all but 16 accent the initial syllable.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>Of those 16, 6 are reduplicanda, leaving only 10 out of 71 with 2nd syllable accent.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>5 are examples of incorporated <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">mni</i> ‘water’.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>Apparently incorporanda are unaccented or, at least, accent the second syllable, as in Willem’s study. My data are from Buechel because it's the only computerized Dakota dictionary I have. I'm sure Jan's dictionary would be an improvement.</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Arial"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Arial">So I stand by my original statement, and it works for the most part except for some restructuring (but not much) in Lakota. Data provided on request.<br>
</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Arial"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Arial">Bob<br>
</span></p>
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