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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:Wingdings;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">Ø<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> Thanks for looking at the *GL set. I concentrated on the BL set in 4 languages and found almost exactly what I said last evening. If you have a
chance to look at the BDH pattern in Omaha, it would be very welcome. Here are the results from the other languages:</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Here you go. I count about 10 or 11 distinct words that are at least three primordial syllables long. All of them take their accent on the
<s>first</s> second syllable, which confirms your pattern.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Now I’m wondering what your model is for the accent when the *GL or *BL is preceded by a syllable. Second syllable accent would land on a squeezed out schwa,
which presumably nobody wants to accent. If the accent then jumps to the primordial third syllable (as I think it would—correct me if I’m mistaken), wouldn’t that support the view that speakers at that point consider primordial third syllable to be synchronic
second syllable?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Also, granted that most *GL and *BL initial words take their accent on the primordial second syllable immediately following these clusters, how does that show
that speakers still perceive the sequence as two syllables? If the accent started out on the second syllable, and the vowel of the first syllable goes away by syncope, we continue accenting the same vowel we always have. But why should that mean that synchronically
we still consider it to be second syllable rather than first syllable?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Rory<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">bràra - spread-out<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">brāska - flat<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">brēe-t</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">ʰ</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">e
- ante (the money you put up)</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">brēe-t</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">ʰ</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">e-uágihi
- I broke even (e.g. in a card game); I won back what I ante'd</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">brēexe - pelican (American white pelican)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">brēkka - thin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">brēkka-žiⁿga - silver half dime<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">brìppe - powder (e.g. powdered milk or flour)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">brìška - plump; (fat and round, like a tomato that is wider than it is tall.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> You see some people who have this shape too.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">brīⁿra - flaps that open and close<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">brōⁿ - smell; odor; (can be either stinky or nice)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">brōⁿxe - not big; real branchy; full; leafy<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">brōⁿze - petite; slender; small<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">brūga - all of them; all of it; everything; everyone; (e.g. everything in
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> this room. This can be for animate beings or inanimate objects, and
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> is not strictly pinned down to an exclusive set); (spread out round
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> and flat)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Siouan Linguistics [mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Rankin, Robert L.<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, September 10, 2013 6:33 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> SIOUAN@LISTSERV.UNL.EDU<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: BL accent patterns. The real results.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> From the Omaha side, I could probably help with the GL reflexes, as they stay GL in Omaha and Ponka.<br>
<br>
Actually, it's not a problem in Osage and Kaw. Initial /l/ simply subs for original /gl/. The real problem with initial /gl/ is that it is mostly inflectional, primarily possessive, and, as such, does not undergo the phonological restructuring that /bl/ does.
In other words, /gl/ is supported by active morphophonemic alternations in all the languages. That doesn't happen with /bl/ or its nasal counterparts except in inflected 1st person sg. verb forms. I'm interested primarily in the cases of real restructuring
where there is no support from phonological alternation. </span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">I’m not sure I totally understand what we’re looking for here, though.
</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">I’m saying that, because initial
<i>BL </i>(along with nasalized <i>bn-, mn-</i>) is all that is left of an initial disyllable,
<i>*wvlv</i></span><b><i><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Gentium","serif";color:black">́</span></i></b><i><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">
</span></i><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">(where
<i>v</i> is any vowel), we can’t expect to find many modern lexemes with the accentual pattern
<i>blvCv</i></span><b><i><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Gentium","serif";color:black">́</span></i></b><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Gentium","serif";color:black">.</span></b><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">
</span></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">This is because, in the older disyllable, accent would have become stranded on the initial syllable vowel after the first vowel in the word underwent syncope, i.e., dropped
out. To find the pattern <i>blvCv</i></span><b><i><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Gentium","serif";color:black">́</span></i></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"> would imply a proto-Siouan accent pattern
<i>cvcvcv</i></span><b><i><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Gentium","serif";color:black">́
</span></i></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">unless we posit massive accent shift.
</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> I thought the idea was that *bl and *gl represent primordial syllables, so that if they are word-initial the accent should be on the vowel immediately following
them, i.e. the underlying second syllable rather than the third.<br>
<br>
Primordial DIsyllables. And, yes, you're exactly right about the "underlying second syllable rather than the third."</span><span style="color:black">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">> Anyway, here’s a list of *gl (gr-) initial words from the dictionary I’ve been working on. Most have the accent on the following vowel, but two of them,
‘across’ and ‘hawk’ have it on the “third” syllable. Discounting variants of the same root and two that have no further syllables, I’d say there are about 9 or 10 that take the accent immediately following initial *gl.</span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:black">
</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> Thanks for looking at the *GL set. I concentrated on the BL set in 4 languages and found almost exactly what I said last evening. If you have a chance to
look at the BDH pattern in Omaha, it would be very welcome. Here are the results from the other languages:</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Kansa</span></u><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"> Of approx. 22 lexemes in initial
<i>bl-</i> all accent the initial syllable except for reduplicanda, which always accent the 2<sup>nd</sup> duplicated syllable.</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Osage</span></u><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"> Of 10 lexemes with initial
<i>br</i>- all 10 accent the initial syllable. (Quintero).</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Quapaw</span></u><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"> approx. 18 lexemes in
<i>bd-/bn-</i>. Only one lexeme, <i>bdasé</i> ‘shout, cry out’, plus a few reduplicanda, accent the 2<sup>nd</sup> syllable.</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Dakota</span></u><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"> Of approx. 71 lexemes in
<i>bl-/mn</i>- all but 16 accent the initial syllable. Of those 16, 6 are reduplicanda, leaving only 10 out of 71 with 2nd syllable accent. 5 are examples of incorporated
<i>mni</i> ‘water’. Apparently incorporanda are unaccented or, at least, accent the second syllable, as in Willem’s study. My data are from Buechel because it's the only computerized Dakota dictionary I have. I'm sure Jan's dictionary would be an improvement.</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">So I stand by my original statement, and it works for the most part except for some restructuring (but not much) in Lakota. Data provided on request.</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Bob</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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