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<div style="direction: ltr;font-family: Arial;color: #000000;font-size: 14pt;">> It is good to notice, though, that some of the disyllabic stems stressed on the first syllable end in the ablauting -A, so according to the Dakota Stress Rule, they are stressed
on a monosyllabic stem, since the Dakota Stress Rule applies, if I remember correctly, before the ablauting -A is added to a monosyllabic stem.<br>
<br>
Yes, here the synchronic and diachronic analyses differ materially. Diachronically, there is no such thing as "the ablauting vowel" and consequent consonant-final stems. This was an invention of synchronic phonologists who needed some way to explain Dakotan
accentual patterns. <br>
<br>
What really happened in those cases is that the first vowel in the so-called "consonant-final stems" was historically
<i><b>long </b></i>and, therefore, accented. The second vowel (called the "ablauting vowel" and written with cap
<i>-A</i>) was actually <i>-e.</i> This short -<i>e</i> was subsequently simply replaced by the vowel that began the following suffix or enclitic, normally
<i>-a</i>. <br>
<br>
I don't know at the moment whether the original unstressed final -<i>e</i> was lost in Dakotan (actually leaving a consonant-final stem) or whether the
<i>-e</i> was just replaced by the V<sub>1</sub>+V<sub>2</sub> ==> V<sub>2</sub> rule so common in Siouan languages. There doesn't seem to be any convincing evidence either way. Hochunk lost final
<i>-e</i> in most environments and Dakota may have shared that change areally. Hard to say.<br>
<br>
But if you look at cognate sets with the so-called "ablauting vowel", you can see immediately that, what we thought was an epenthetic vowel with a "consonant final root" was really short-<i>e</i> with a long root vowel. The following examples are from a paper
on "ablaut" that I wrote and will attach herewith. I hope our email programs don't mess up the columnar formatting too much:<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Gentium;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho""><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>make marks<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>ripe <span style="mso-tab-count:1">
</span>shallow <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Gentium;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"">PSi<span style="mso-tab-count:1">
</span>*ká:xe<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Gentium;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"">
<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"></span>*aRú:te<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>
<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>*<span style="mso-tab-count:
1"></span>xé:pe<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Gentium;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"">CR
<span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>-ka:xi<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>ó:ši<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>xé:pi<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Gentium;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";
mso-ansi-language:FR" lang="FR">HI
<span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>-ka:xe<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>ó:te<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count:1">
</span>xé:pi<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Gentium;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";
mso-ansi-language:FR" lang="FR">MA
<span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>-kaáx<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count:
2"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Gentium;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";
mso-ansi-language:FR" lang="FR">LA<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>káγA<span style="mso-tab-count:1">
</span></span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Gentium;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";
mso-ansi-language:FR" lang="FR">
lútA<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>
xépA<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Gentium;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";
mso-ansi-language:FR" lang="FR">CH<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>gá:γe<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>dú:je<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"></span>xé:we<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Gentium;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";
mso-ansi-language:FR" lang="FR">WI<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>gá:x<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Gentium;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";
mso-ansi-language:FR" lang="FR">
<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"></span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"></span>tú:č<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>γé:p<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Gentium;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";
mso-ansi-language:FR" lang="FR">OP<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>gá:γe<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>ní:de<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"></span>xé:be<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Gentium;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";
mso-ansi-language:FR" lang="FR">KS<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>gá:γe<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>ǰü:ǰe<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Gentium;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";
mso-ansi-language:FR" lang="FR">OS<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>ká:γe<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>cü:ce<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"></span>xé:pe<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Gentium;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";
mso-ansi-language:FR" lang="FR">QU<span style="mso-tab-count:1">
</span>ká:γe<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count:1">
</span>títte<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Gentium;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";
mso-ansi-language:FR" lang="FR">BI<span style="mso-tab-count:1">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>a<span style="mso-tab-count:1">
</span>tutí<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count:1">
</span>xépi<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
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</span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>a<span style="mso-tab-count:1">
</span>túti<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Gentium;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";
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</span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count:
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<br>
Bob<br>
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