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<div>
<div>Make that UNaccented e. Bob</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><font style="color:#333333"><i>Sent from my Verizon Wireless 4G LTE DROID</i></font></div>
</div>
<br>
<br>
"Rankin, Robert L." <rankin@KU.EDU> wrote:<br>
<br>
<div>
<div>
<div>Yes. It worked so well that I suspect Dakota DID loss final in accented -e.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Bob</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><font style="color:#333333"><i>Sent from my Verizon Wireless 4G LTE DROID</i></font></div>
</div>
<br>
<br>
"De Reuse, Willem" <WillemDeReuse@MY.UNT.EDU> wrote:<br>
<br>
<div>
<div style="direction:ltr; font-family:Tahoma; color:#000000; font-size:10pt">Thanks Bob. And thanks for that paper. The diachronic analysis is great. And of course this -A affix was an invention of synchronic phonologists, but it was clever, wasn't it?<br>
<br>
Willem, chronic sinner and phonologist.<br>
<div style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-size:16px">
<hr tabindex="-1">
<div id="divRpF215891" style="direction:ltr"><font color="#000000" face="Tahoma" size="2"><b>From:</b> Siouan Linguistics [SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu] on behalf of Rankin, Robert L. [rankin@KU.EDU]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, September 16, 2013 5:03 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: BL accent patterns. The real results.<br>
</font><br>
</div>
<div></div>
<div>
<div style="direction:ltr; font-family:Arial; color:#000000; font-size:14pt">> It is good to notice, though, that some of the disyllabic stems stressed on the first syllable end in the ablauting -A, so according to the Dakota Stress Rule, they are stressed
on a monosyllabic stem, since the Dakota Stress Rule applies, if I remember correctly, before the ablauting -A is added to a monosyllabic stem.<br>
<br>
Yes, here the synchronic and diachronic analyses differ materially. Diachronically, there is no such thing as "the ablauting vowel" and consequent consonant-final stems. This was an invention of synchronic phonologists who needed some way to explain Dakotan
accentual patterns. <br>
<br>
What really happened in those cases is that the first vowel in the so-called "consonant-final stems" was historically
<i><b>long </b></i>and, therefore, accented. The second vowel (called the "ablauting vowel" and written with cap
<i>-A</i>) was actually <i>-e.</i> This short -<i>e</i> was subsequently simply replaced by the vowel that began the following suffix or enclitic, normally
<i>-a</i>. <br>
<br>
I don't know at the moment whether the original unstressed final -<i>e</i> was lost in Dakotan (actually leaving a consonant-final stem) or whether the
<i>-e</i> was just replaced by the V<sub>1</sub>+V<sub>2</sub> ==> V<sub>2</sub> rule so common in Siouan languages. There doesn't seem to be any convincing evidence either way. Hochunk lost final
<i>-e</i> in most environments and Dakota may have shared that change areally. Hard to say.<br>
<br>
But if you look at cognate sets with the so-called "ablauting vowel", you can see immediately that, what we thought was an epenthetic vowel with a "consonant final root" was really short-<i>e</i> with a long root vowel. The following examples are from a paper
on "ablaut" that I wrote and will attach herewith. I hope our email programs don't mess up the columnar formatting too much:<br>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:Gentium"><span style="">
</span>make marks<span style=""> </span>ripe <span style=""></span>shallow <span style="">
</span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Gentium">PSi<span style=""> </span>
*ká:xe<span style=""> </span></span> <span style="font-family:Gentium"><span style=""></span>*aRú:te<span style="">
</span><span style=""> </span>*<span style=""></span>xé:pe<span style=""> </span>
<span style=""> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Gentium">CR <span style=""> </span>
-ka:xi<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>ó:ši<span style="">
</span><span style=""> </span>xé:pi<span style=""> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:Gentium">HI <span style="">
</span>-ka:xe<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>ó:te<span style=""> </span><span style="">
</span>xé:pi<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:Gentium">MA <span style="">
</span>-kaáx<span style=""> </span><span style="">
</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:Gentium">LA<span style="">
</span><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>káγA<span style=""> </span>
</span> <span lang="FR" style="font-family:Gentium">lútA<span style="">
</span><span style=""> </span>xépA<span style=""> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:Gentium">CH<span style="">
</span><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>gá:γe<span style=""> </span>
<span style=""> </span>dú:je<span style=""> </span><span style=""></span>xé:we<span style="">
</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:Gentium">WI<span style="">
</span><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>gá:x<span style=""> </span>
</span> <span lang="FR" style="font-family:Gentium"><span style=""></span><span style=""></span>tú:č<span style="">
</span><span style=""> </span>γé:p<span style=""> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:Gentium">OP<span style="">
</span><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>gá:γe<span style=""> </span>
<span style=""> </span>ní:de<span style=""> </span><span style=""></span>xé:be<span style="">
</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:Gentium">KS<span style="">
</span><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>gá:γe<span style=""> </span>
<span style=""> </span>ǰü:ǰe<span style=""> </span><span style="">
</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:Gentium">OS<span style="">
</span><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>ká:γe<span style=""> </span>
<span style=""> </span>cü:ce<span style=""> </span><span style=""></span>xé:pe<span style="">
</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:Gentium">QU<span style="">
</span>ká:γe<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>títte<span style="">
</span><span style=""> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:Gentium">BI<span style="">
</span><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>a<span style="">
</span>tutí<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>xépi<span style="">
</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:Gentium">OF<span style="">
</span><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>a<span style="">
</span>túti<span style=""> </span></span></p>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Gentium">SP<span style=""> </span>
<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>
seep<span style=""> </span></span><br>
<br>
Bob<br>
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