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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Dave,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Sorry, I misunderstood your original question. But if we are talking about the first
<i>abá</i>, then is that actually quotative as such? I see that it’s glossed as ‘said’, but reading it in Dhegihan, I would understand that as a normal ‘the’ in reference to the Old Man, with a projective colon after it. My proposed punctuation of that sentence
would be:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">
</span><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif"">Icíkita<sup>n</sup>ga abá: “A<sup>n</sup>yáxtaga-éda<sup>n</sup>” á-ba-da<sup>n</sup>, na<sup>n</sup>stábe.</span></i><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">I like Justin’s suggestion of looking at the quotation as substituting for what would normally be a verb. Thus:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span>
s^idoz^iNga akHa ghaage akHa, 'the boy is crying.'<span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">or<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span>
((s^idoz^iNga)-akHa ghaage)-akHa, 'the boy is crying.'<span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span>
<span style="font-size:11.0pt">((boy)-akHa crying)-akHa.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">with the article wrapping up everything that preceeds it into a noun or stative declaration. For the quotative situation:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:.5in">iccikkitaNga akha: “oo aNs^i waali miNkHe” akHa. The Old Man [said]: "Oh, I'm getting fat."<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">or<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:.5in">((iccikkitaNga)-akha “oo aNs^i waali miNkHe”)-akHa. The Old Man [said], "Oh, I'm getting fat."<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">When we have NOUN-ARTICLE WHATSIT-ARTICLE sentences, it seems to me that we are just adding attributes or qualifiers onto the original noun. The attribute may be a verb that tells what they
did, or it may be the words they spoke, but I don’t think that would change the meaning of the articles. It should just be sentence structure, pausing, and understanding of the content that would used by the listener to parse the meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Rory<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Siouan Linguistics [mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>David Kaufman<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, February 20, 2014 2:42 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> SIOUAN@LISTSERV.UNL.EDU<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: Question re: Dhegiha and other Siouan quotatives<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Hi Rory,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">Thanks for your two cents. I think that that second </span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;color:black">ába is the actual verb e 'say' with the non-continuative marker -be, which is then ablauted before dan 'then'.
So that leaves just the first </span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;color:#1F497D">abá</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;color:black"> that's really in question as to its supposed dual usage of article and quotative. But examples of this dual usage abound
in the Kaw texts with both articles </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">akhá and abá</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;color:black">.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;color:black">Dave</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br clear="all">
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">David Kaufman<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Linguistic Anthropology PhD candidate, University of Kansas<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Director, Kaw Nation Language Program<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Thu, Feb 20, 2014 at 1:50 PM, Rory Larson <<a href="mailto:rlarson1@unl.edu" target="_blank">rlarson1@unl.edu</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">In Omaha and Ponca, the corresponding article is amá, where you have abá. As with Kaw, it tends to imply ‘moving/absent’. But we also
have another particle, apparently pronounced the same way, coming at the end of the sentence, that implies that the foregoing is hearsay rather than solid fact. It can stand by itself, or it can be coupled with the ‘allegedly’ particle bi to make the common
ending for 3<sup>rd</sup> person hearsay action, biama.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">I notice the accent changes to the first syllable in the second case of your example. I wonder if that could be underlyingly a-aba
in that case? The first would be the ablauted version of ‘he said it’, followed by either the Old Man’s article abá or a ‘hearsay’ particle as in OP. One problem with that would be that the ‘hearsay’ amá in OP shouldn’t cause a preceding verb to ablaut.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">My $0.02.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Best,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Rory</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Siouan Linguistics [mailto:<a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu" target="_blank">SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>David Kaufman<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, February 20, 2014 1:30 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@LISTSERV.UNL.EDU" target="_blank">SIOUAN@LISTSERV.UNL.EDU</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Question re: Dhegiha and other Siouan quotatives</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Hi all,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">I have a question re: a curious structure in Kaw, and whether anything like it occurs in other Dhegihan or even non-Dhegihan Siouan languages. The structure involves the articles
akhá and abá, used for subjects in Kaw and usually translated 'the', the first being roughly for 'standing/sitting' and the other for 'moving/absent'. However, in Kaw, these subject articles also somehow seem to have become used as quotatives, or 's/he said.'
Here is an example sentence with gloss:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif"">Icíkita<sup>n</sup>ga abá, “A<sup>n</sup>yáxtaga-éda<sup>n</sup>,” ába-da<sup>n</sup>, na<sup>n</sup>stábe.</span></i><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Old.Man said bite.me-then said-then kicked.him<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">The Old Man said, “Then bite me,” and he kicked him.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">So abá, which is normally used for 'moving' subjects and is usually translated 'the', is now being used for 's/he said.' <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Any thoughts on this, esp. from other Dhegihan perspectives, or other Siouan languages that might have some similar usage?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Thanks!<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">David Kaufman<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Linguistic Anthropology PhD candidate, University of Kansas<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Director, Kaw Nation Language Program<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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