<html><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:Courier New, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif;font-size:12pt"><div><span>
</span></div><div class="page" title="Page 1">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<div><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRoman'; color: rgb(0.000000%, 19.897500%, 80.078100%)">Did you see this entry in the online Chiwere dictionary? It gives some similarities to other Siouan languages. Not sure if this is helpful. Searching my other documents...</span></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 50, 204); font-size: 13px; font-family: TimesNewRoman; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRoman'; color: rgb(0.000000%, 19.897500%, 80.078100%)"><br></span></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 50, 204); font-size: 13px; font-family: TimesNewRoman; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRoman'; color: rgb(0.000000%, 19.897500%, 80.078100%)">šá</span><span style="font-size: 6.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRoman'; color: rgb(0.000000%, 19.897500%, 80.078100%); vertical-align:
5.000000pt">n</span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRoman'; color: rgb(0.000000%, 19.897500%, 80.078100%)">ke; ^sá</span><span style="font-size: 6.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRoman'; color: rgb(0.000000%, 19.897500%, 80.078100%); vertical-align: 5.000000pt">n</span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRoman'; color: rgb(0.000000%, 19.897500%, 80.078100%)">ke </span><span style="font-size: 8.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRoman'">(GM)</span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRoman'; color: rgb(0.000000%, 19.897500%, 80.078100%)">; </span><span style="font-size: 8.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRoman'">šáŋke (DOR) </span><span style="font-size: 8.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRoman'">n. </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRoman'">nine. </span><span style="font-size: 8.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRoman'">[W. shaatgówi; OmP.
shanka; Os. shanka; gdhébdha</span><span style="font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRoman'; vertical-align: 3.000000pt">n</span><span style="font-size: 8.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRoman'">tsewi</span><span style="font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRoman'; vertical-align: 3.000000pt">n</span><span style="font-size: 8.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRoman'">dhi</span><span style="font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRoman'; vertical-align: 3.000000pt">n</span><span style="font-size: 8.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRoman'">ge; L/D. shakówi</span><span style="font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRoman'; vertical-align: 3.000000pt">n</span><span style="font-size: 8.000000pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRoman'">; H. sháhpuw;
M. kú:pa; T. sa:kom; Of. fáckumi]. </span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div><div><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Courier New', courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Courier New', courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;">Emilia Garcia</div> <div style="font-family: 'Courier New', courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <div style="font-family: 'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <div dir="ltr"> <hr size="1"> <font size="2" face="Arial"> <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">From:</span></b> "Campbell, Sky" <sky@OMTRIBE.ORG><br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">To:</span></b> SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu <br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sent:</span></b> Friday, March 28, 2014 1:06 PM<br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Subject:</span></b> Re:
Number 'nine' in Chiwere.<br> </font> </div> <div class="y_msg_container"><br><div id="yiv1926358571"><style><!--
#yiv1926358571
_filtered #yiv1926358571 {font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
_filtered #yiv1926358571 {font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
_filtered #yiv1926358571 {font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
_filtered #yiv1926358571 {font-family:Consolas;
panose-1:2 11 6 9 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
_filtered #yiv1926358571 {font-family:Gentium;}
#yiv1926358571
#yiv1926358571 p.yiv1926358571MsoNormal, #yiv1926358571 li.yiv1926358571MsoNormal, #yiv1926358571 div.yiv1926358571MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif";}
#yiv1926358571 a:link, #yiv1926358571 span.yiv1926358571MsoHyperlink
{
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
#yiv1926358571 a:visited, #yiv1926358571 span.yiv1926358571MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
#yiv1926358571 p.yiv1926358571MsoPlainText, #yiv1926358571 li.yiv1926358571MsoPlainText, #yiv1926358571 div.yiv1926358571MsoPlainText
{
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif";}
#yiv1926358571 p
{
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif";}
#yiv1926358571 p.yiv1926358571MsoAcetate, #yiv1926358571 li.yiv1926358571MsoAcetate, #yiv1926358571 div.yiv1926358571MsoAcetate
{
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma", "sans-serif";}
#yiv1926358571 span.yiv1926358571PlainTextChar
{
font-family:Consolas;}
#yiv1926358571 span.yiv1926358571BalloonTextChar
{
font-family:"Tahoma", "sans-serif";}
#yiv1926358571 p.yiv1926358571msochpdefault, #yiv1926358571 li.yiv1926358571msochpdefault, #yiv1926358571 div.yiv1926358571msochpdefault
{
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif";}
#yiv1926358571 span.yiv1926358571plaintextchar0
{
font-family:Consolas;}
#yiv1926358571 span.yiv1926358571emailstyle22
{
font-family:"Calibri", "sans-serif";
color:#1F497D;}
#yiv1926358571 span.yiv1926358571balloontextchar0
{
font-family:"Tahoma", "sans-serif";}
#yiv1926358571 span.yiv1926358571EmailStyle26
{
font-family:"Calibri", "sans-serif";
color:#1F497D;}
#yiv1926358571 span.yiv1926358571EmailStyle27
{
font-family:"Calibri", "sans-serif";
color:#1F497D;}
#yiv1926358571 .yiv1926358571MsoChpDefault
{
font-size:10.0pt;}
_filtered #yiv1926358571 {
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
#yiv1926358571 div.yiv1926358571WordSection1
{}
--></style><div><div class="yiv1926358571WordSection1"><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Looking for something else, I came across this information on the number nine. It was mentioned before that the Siouan languages may have borrowed the term “<i>sanke</i>” from the Algonquian languages (or vice versa). I found this among Maximilian’s Osage terms:</span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Nine, gr</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">ä̇</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;">bena – tscheh – u</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">ï</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">ningk</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">ä̇</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"></span></i></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">(the whole run together); i. e.,</span></i></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">ten less one; they also say,</span></i></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">schangká</span></i></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div><div
class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">That got me to thinking about two things. First, this looks to me like the “<i>gr</i></span><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">ä̇</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">bena – tscheh – u</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">ï</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">ningk</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">ä̇</span></i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">” was the original term for nine and that “<i>shangká</i>” is the interloper. It makes sense to me that the first version would be the
original since it is an actual translation for nine <i>in that language</i>.</span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Maximilian’s entry for “one” is ”<i>uïnchtschä</i>” and you can see a portion of that in the “<i>tscheh</i>” in the above term.</span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Ok, that was more of a “hey look at this, you may find it interesting” tidbit of information. Here is the second thought that struck me. It is the “</span><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">u</span></i><i><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">ï</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">ningk</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">ä̇</span></i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">” portion of the term which looks related to the Otoe-Missouria “<i>ninge</i>” which is along the lines of no or none and has even been translated as “have none.” That definitely fits with Maximilian’s mention of “less one.” Then that got me to thinking again about the Otoe-Missouria “<i>ninge</i>” which I’ve seen (and heard) as also being pronounced “<i>ninye</i>.” And then <i>that</i> got me to thinking about the term for nine that was given to me by a tribal member which was “<i>nanye</i>” and now I am wondering if that is a possible variant of ”<i>ninye/ninge</i>” and could be a potential long-lost
relic of the original Otoe-Missouria term for nine which could very well have been something along the lines of “ten less one” as well before “<i>sanke</i>” moved in.</span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Of course I am basing this on me turning my head to the side while looking at it and banking a bit on the similarities between Otoe-Missouria and Osage but this still has drawn my attention and I wanted to get some feedback from you guys to see what you think.</span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Thoughts?</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family:
Calibri, sans-serif;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div><div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Sky Campbell, B. A.</span></b></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Language Director</span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Otoe-Missouria Tribe</span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">580-723-4466 ext. 111</span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">sky@omtribe.org</span></div></div><div
class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span></div><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">From:</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"> Siouan Linguistics [mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Campbell, Sky<br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, December 06, 2013 9:47 AM<br><b>To:</b> SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: Number 'nine' in Chiwere.</span></div></div></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"> </div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">I wondered if there was a glottal stop in there somewhere. I see a “k” in Hamilton and Irvin’s books when there would
often be a glottal stop. For example, their list of catechisms which they titled “We-wv-hæ-kju” (Wiwąxesų or Wiwąxe’sų (“(general) questions”)).</span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">What I also find interesting is that Hamilton and Irvin’s publication five years later (1848) (<i>An Ioway Grammar</i>) doesn’t have the “k” with the word for “nine.”</span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span></div><div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Sky Campbell, B. A.</span></b></div><div
class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Language Director</span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Otoe-Missouria Tribe</span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">580-723-4466 ext. 111</span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:sky@omtribe.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:sky@omtribe.org">sky@omtribe.org</a></span></div></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span></div><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in
0in;"><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">From:</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"> Siouan Linguistics [<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu" target="_blank" href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Rankin, Robert L.<br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, December 05, 2013 4:40 PM<br><b>To:</b> <a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu" target="_blank" href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: Number 'nine' in Chiwere.</span></div></div></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"> </div><div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Sky,<br><br>Yes, the initial k- seems to be part of the original term, probably from *ki-. Down below
your comments I have copied the Comparative Dictionary entry for 'nine'. As you'll see, several of the languages show traces of the ki- or k-. My Chiwere recordings showed a glottal stop as residue of the k-. It's interesting that you found citations of the word with the full k-.<br><br>Thanks.<br><br>Bob<br></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><br>> Ek jdfk (ikshanke) – <i>Wdtwhtl Wdwdklha Tva Eva Wdhonetl</i> (1834) by Merrill</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;"> </span></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">> Merrill’s form follows the
ordinal number pattern (IE “ninth” rather than “nine”) but the “k” is still present which is what has me curious. To date, all other sources I’ve come across only have “sanke/shanke” (or something along those lines) with no “k”. It has been mentioned here that “sanke” was borrowed from Algonquian. Does the inclusion of “k” also fit with other Algonquian “nines”? </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Thoughts?</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">GLOSS[ nine</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span
style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">GRAMCAT[ N</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">SEMCAT[ </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">OTHREC[ {*kšą́kha} {GHM58}</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color:
black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">PMV[ *kšą́hka ¦ (?)</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">CH[ ʔšą́khe ‘nine’ rlr</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">CH[ θą́khe ‘nine’ rtc</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;"> </span><span
style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">PDH[ *šą́hka</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">OP[ šą́kka ¦ nine ¦ rlr</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">OP[ šǫ́kka ¦ nine ¦ rtc</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">KS[ šą́kka ¦ nine ¦ rlr</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">OS[ šą́hka ¦ nine, archaic, card game ¦
rlr</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">QU[ šąkka ¦ nine ¦ rlr</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">PSE[ *kišą́•hka ¦ (?)</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">BI[ †čkané “tckanĕ´” ‘nine’ DS:265 (?)</span><span
style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">OF[ †kíštəška “kî´shtAshga” ‘nine’ {JRS09:485}</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">OF[ “kĭ´cta<b>̣</b>cga” ‘nine’ DS:325b</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">TU[ †kisą́•hkai “tça (N), sā, sāñ, ksañk, ksāhkai, kasankai, ksākai” ‘nine’ HH</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span
style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">TU[ ¦ ksäⁿhk‘ ¦ ‘nine’ Hw.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">TU[ ¦ sęk‘ ¦ ‘nine’ Sapir</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">TU[ ¦ kseⁿk ¦ ‘nine’ Fracht.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">TU[ ¦ kiséⁿg, kisén ¦ two ¦ Fracht.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div
class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">COM[ The recorded CH forms imply different underlying sibilants. PSI *š </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">often does become [s], but only primary PSI *s > θ}, {i.e.}, CH {š} </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">and {θ} never vary or alternate regularly. But note also the irregular TU </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">{s} where {č} is expected. BI {tckanĕ´} {DS:265a} is probably </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div
class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">borrowed from Choctaw-Chickasaw {čakkâ•li} {nine}; {n} is the usual </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">BI replacement for Western Muskogean {l} This W. Muskogean term lacks </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">Creek, Hitchiti cognates however, and may be from the same ultimate source </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">as Siouan {*kišą́•hka} OF seems to show the intrusive {t} that appears </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div
class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">following sibilants in {black}, {q.v.} OF {a<b>̣</b>} often represents </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">denasalized {*ą}. {Cf.} also Powhatan {*ke•ka•ta•s} {nine} </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">{FS 1975:309} as well as other, well known Algonquian look-alikes such as </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">Ojibwa {ša•nk-} Fox {ša•ka}, Shawnee {caakathzwi}, Potawatomi </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div
class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">{šak} {nine} {FS 1975:311, Rhodes, personal communication}. The </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">distribution of this set (only the more southerly languages represented), the </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">sibilant, and other phonological irregularities in CH, OF and TU, coupled </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">with the presence of similar terms in both Algonquian and Muskogean </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div
class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">languages lead us to conclude that this is a loanword. Direction(s) of </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">borrowing and/or source of the term is unknown.</span><span style="color:black;"></span></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: Gentium; color: black;"> </span><span style="color:black;"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="yiv1926358571MsoNormal"><br> </div></div><br>
</div></div><br><br></div> </div> </div> </div></body></html>