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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Yes, I've seen that. With all the talk of the possible origin of "sanke" and the tribal member giving me the term "nanye", it has my mind whirring :).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Sky<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Siouan Linguistics [mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Emilia Aigotti<br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, March 28, 2014 4:42 PM<br><b>To:</b> SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: Number 'nine' in Chiwere.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";color:#0030CC'>Did you see this entry in the online Chiwere dictionary? It gives some similarities to other Siouan languages. Not sure if this is helpful. Searching my other documents...</span><span style='font-family:"Courier New";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";color:#0032CC'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";color:#0030CC'>šá</span><span style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";color:#0030CC;position:relative;top:-5.0pt;mso-text-raise:5.0pt'>n</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";color:#0030CC'>ke; ^sá</span><span style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";color:#0030CC;position:relative;top:-5.0pt;mso-text-raise:5.0pt'>n</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";color:#0030CC'>ke </span><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";color:#0032CC'>(GM)</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";color:#0030CC'>; </span><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";color:#0032CC'>šáŋke (DOR) n. </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";color:#0032CC'>nine. </span><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";color:#0032CC'>[W. shaatgówi; OmP. shanka; Os. shanka; gdhébdha</span><span style='font-size:5.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";color:#0032CC;position:relative;top:-3.0pt;mso-text-raise:3.0pt'>n</span><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";color:#0032CC'>tsewi</span><span style='font-size:5.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";color:#0032CC;position:relative;top:-3.0pt;mso-text-raise:3.0pt'>n</span><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";color:#0032CC'>dhi</span><span style='font-size:5.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";color:#0032CC;position:relative;top:-3.0pt;mso-text-raise:3.0pt'>n</span><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";color:#0032CC'>ge; L/D. shakówi</span><span style='font-size:5.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";color:#0032CC;position:relative;top:-3.0pt;mso-text-raise:3.0pt'>n</span><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman","serif";color:#0032CC'>; H. sháhpuw; M. kú:pa; T. sa:kom; Of. fáckumi]. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Courier New";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>Emilia Garcia<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><div><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;background:white'><span style='color:black'><hr size=1 width="100%" align=center></span></div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> "Campbell, Sky" <<a href="mailto:sky@OMTRIBE.ORG">sky@OMTRIBE.ORG</a>><br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a> <br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, March 28, 2014 1:06 PM<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: Number 'nine' in Chiwere.</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div id=yiv1926358571><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Looking for something else, I came across this information on the number nine. It was mentioned before that the Siouan languages may have borrowed the term “<i>sanke</i>” from the Algonquian languages (or vice versa). I found this among Maximilian’s Osage terms:</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Nine, grä̇bena – tscheh – uïningkä̇</span></i><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>(the whole run together); i. e.,</span></i><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>ten less one; they also say,</span></i><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><i><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>schangká</span></i><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>That got me to thinking about two things. First, this looks to me like the “<i>grä̇bena – tscheh – uïningkä̇</i>” was the original term for nine and that “<i>shangká</i>” is the interloper. It makes sense to me that the first version would be the original since it is an actual translation for nine <i>in that language</i>.</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Maximilian’s entry for “one” is ”<i>uïnchtschä</i>” and you can see a portion of that in the “<i>tscheh</i>” in the above term.</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Ok, that was more of a “hey look at this, you may find it interesting” tidbit of information. Here is the second thought that struck me. It is the “<i>uïningkä̇</i>” portion of the term which looks related to the Otoe-Missouria “<i>ninge</i>” which is along the lines of no or none and has even been translated as “have none.” That definitely fits with Maximilian’s mention of “less one.” Then that got me to thinking again about the Otoe-Missouria “<i>ninge</i>” which I’ve seen (and heard) as also being pronounced “<i>ninye</i>.” And then <i>that</i> got me to thinking about the term for nine that was given to me by a tribal member which was “<i>nanye</i>” and now I am wondering if that is a possible variant of ”<i>ninye/ninge</i>” and could be a potential long-lost relic of the original Otoe-Missouria term for nine which could very well have been something along the lines of “ten less one” as well before “<i>sanke</i>” moved in.</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Of course I am basing this on me turning my head to the side while looking at it and banking a bit on the similarities between Otoe-Missouria and Osage but this still has drawn my attention and I wanted to get some feedback from you guys to see what you think.</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Thoughts?</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Sky Campbell, B. A.</span></b><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Language Director</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Otoe-Missouria Tribe</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>580-723-4466 ext. 111</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><a href="mailto:sky@omtribe.org">sky@omtribe.org</a></span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> Siouan Linguistics [<a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Campbell, Sky<br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, December 06, 2013 9:47 AM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: Number 'nine' in Chiwere.</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I wondered if there was a glottal stop in there somewhere. I see a “k” in Hamilton and Irvin’s books when there would often be a glottal stop. For example, their list of catechisms which they titled “We-wv-hæ-kju” (Wiwąxesų or Wiwąxe’sų (“(general) questions”)).</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>What I also find interesting is that Hamilton and Irvin’s publication five years later (1848) (<i>An Ioway Grammar</i>) doesn’t have the “k” with the word for “nine.”</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Sky Campbell, B. A.</span></b><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Language Director</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Otoe-Missouria Tribe</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>580-723-4466 ext. 111</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><a href="mailto:sky@omtribe.org" target="_blank">sky@omtribe.org</a></span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> Siouan Linguistics [<a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu" target="_blank">mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Rankin, Robert L.<br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, December 05, 2013 4:40 PM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu" target="_blank">SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: Number 'nine' in Chiwere.</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Sky,<br><br>Yes, the initial k- seems to be part of the original term, probably from *ki-. Down below your comments I have copied the Comparative Dictionary entry for 'nine'. As you'll see, several of the languages show traces of the ki- or k-. My Chiwere recordings showed a glottal stop as residue of the k-. It's interesting that you found citations of the word with the full k-.<br><br>Thanks.<br><br>Bob<br></span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><br>> Ek jdfk (ikshanke) – <i>Wdtwhtl Wdwdklha Tva Eva Wdhonetl</i> (1834) by Merrill</span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>> Merrill’s form follows the ordinal number pattern (IE “ninth” rather than “nine”) but the “k” is still present which is what has me curious. To date, all other sources I’ve come across only have “sanke/shanke” (or something along those lines) with no “k”. It has been mentioned here that “sanke” was borrowed from Algonquian. Does the inclusion of “k” also fit with other Algonquian “nines”? </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Thoughts?</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>GLOSS[ nine</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>GRAMCAT[ N</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>SEMCAT[ </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>OTHREC[ {*kšą́kha} {GHM58}</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>PMV[ *kšą́hka ¦ (?)</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>CH[ ʔšą́khe ‘nine’ rlr</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>CH[ θą́khe ‘nine’ rtc</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>PDH[ *šą́hka</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>OP[ šą́kka ¦ nine ¦ rlr</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>OP[ šǫ́kka ¦ nine ¦ rtc</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>KS[ šą́kka ¦ nine ¦ rlr</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>OS[ šą́hka ¦ nine, archaic, card game ¦ rlr</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>QU[ šąkka ¦ nine ¦ rlr</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>PSE[ *kišą́•hka ¦ (?)</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>BI[ †čkané “tckanĕ´” ‘nine’ DS:265 (?)</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>OF[ †kíštəška “kî´shtAshga” ‘nine’ {JRS09:485}</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>OF[ “kĭ´cta<b>̣</b>cga” ‘nine’ DS:325b</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>TU[ †kisą́•hkai “tça (N), sā, sāñ, ksañk, ksāhkai, kasankai, ksākai” ‘nine’ HH</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>TU[ ¦ ksäⁿhk‘ ¦ ‘nine’ Hw.</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>TU[ ¦ sęk‘ ¦ ‘nine’ Sapir</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>TU[ ¦ kseⁿk ¦ ‘nine’ Fracht.</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>TU[ ¦ kiséⁿg, kisén ¦ two ¦ Fracht.</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>COM[ The recorded CH forms imply different underlying sibilants. PSI *š </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>often does become [s], but only primary PSI *s > θ}, {i.e.}, CH {š} </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>and {θ} never vary or alternate regularly. But note also the irregular TU </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>{s} where {č} is expected. BI {tckanĕ´} {DS:265a} is probably </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>borrowed from Choctaw-Chickasaw {čakkâ•li} {nine}; {n} is the usual </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>BI replacement for Western Muskogean {l} This W. Muskogean term lacks </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Creek, Hitchiti cognates however, and may be from the same ultimate source </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>as Siouan {*kišą́•hka} OF seems to show the intrusive {t} that appears </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>following sibilants in {black}, {q.v.} OF {a<b>̣</b>} often represents </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>denasalized {*ą}. {Cf.} also Powhatan {*ke•ka•ta•s} {nine} </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>{FS 1975:309} as well as other, well known Algonquian look-alikes such as </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Ojibwa {ša•nk-} Fox {ša•ka}, Shawnee {caakathzwi}, Potawatomi </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>{šak} {nine} {FS 1975:311, Rhodes, personal communication}. The </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>distribution of this set (only the more southerly languages represented), the </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>sibilant, and other phonological irregularities in CH, OF and TU, coupled </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>with the presence of similar terms in both Algonquian and Muskogean </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>languages lead us to conclude that this is a loanword. Direction(s) of </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>borrowing and/or source of the term is unknown.</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Gentium","serif";color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='color:black'><br> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='color:black'><br> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;background:white'><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></body></html>