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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D">Jimm, is that “séwe” or “šéwe”? I looked it up in your dictionary, and found it under “šéwe”. Or is there no difference between /s/ and /š/ in IOM?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Siouan Linguistics [mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Jimm Goodtracks<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, April 21, 2014 9:16 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> SIOUAN@LISTSERV.UNL.EDU<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Possible SPAM] Re: Old Otoe-Missouria term for "bear"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue">I am in agreement with all said. May I add two things. Dorsey’s “ñ” in his text is equal to the “ng” as in “sing.” So in lieu of he Ioway “-iñe,” it would
be the Otoe/Missouria “-inge.” Also, IOM does have a cognate to Omaha “sebe” which is “séwe” (brown). I have never known it to cover the meaning of “shawdowed,” as Rory says exists in Omaha.
</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:whitesmoke"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">
<a href="mailto:rlarson1@UNL.EDU" title="rlarson1@UNL.EDU">Rory Larson</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:whitesmoke"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">Sent:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black"> Monday, April 21, 2014 2:12 PM<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:whitesmoke"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">To:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">
<a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu" title="SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:whitesmoke"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">Subject:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black"> Re: [Possible SPAM] Re: Old Otoe-Missouria
term for "bear"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">Ø<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="color:#1F497D">What I also find interesting, regardless of which of the above scenarios is correct for this term, is why were two portions of this word “shifted” to an Otoe-Missouria form (the s to a th and zhinga
to –inye) and not a potential third? Why didn’t the “b (p)” turn into a “w” as seen in other cognates?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">That’s a very good observation, and I think it probably tells us that the word is a loan from Dhegiha, as Jill suggested, not a native Otoe-Missouria form. They would have understood the meaning well enough
to change the ‘small’ word to their own term for “small”. The shift from /s/ to dental voiceless fricative “th” may have happened after the name was adopted, or else “th” may still have been the closest thing to /s/ they had when they adopted it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">The main term is apparently analyzable in Dhegiha as wa-sabe, “the Black One”, based on
<i>sabe</i>, meaning ‘black’. But in Chiwere, the word for ‘black’ seems to be <i>
thewe</i>, which is presumably cognate to Dhegiha <i>sebe</i>, meaning ‘shadowed’. Going off Jimm’s Baxoje Dictionary, it looks like
<i>thewe</i> is the only word for ‘black’ in that language, with no equivalent for Dhegiha
<i>sabe</i>. So the term may not even be analyzable in Chiwere. That would mean that they pulled it in as a whole unanalyzed unit, complete with the foreign pronunciation. It would be like one of us, being gifted with the name from Omaha relatives, calling
ourselves to other English speakers, “Little Wasabe” rather than “Little Blackbear”. ‘Little’ might have been a standard naming word in Otoe-Missouria that no one cared to mess with, but perhaps as a foreign term
<i>Wasabe</i> carried a cachet that might have been lacking if they had translated it into the native Otoe-Missouria word for ‘black bear’.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Incidentally, I believe that Comanche also adopted the
<i>wasabe</i> term for ‘black bear’ from Dhegiha.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Rory<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black"> Siouan Linguistics [<a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Campbell, Sky<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, April 21, 2014 11:50 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@LISTSERV.UNL.EDU">SIOUAN@LISTSERV.UNL.EDU</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Possible SPAM] Re: Old Otoe-Missouria term for "bear"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">I found this while going through some of Dorsey’s names:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Wa-ça-́pe yiñ-́e, Tciwere notation of the Cegiha, Wasabe jiñga, Young Black bear. See Mŭⁿtcinye.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">He shows this as an Otoe-Missouria Bear Clan name and there isn’t a mention of this individual belonging to another tribe. This list was made about 60+ years after the same name on the 1817 treaty. Could this
be the same guy? Possible…especially since he often lists deceased individuals (no mention of that here though). I’d find it unlikely (but not impossible) that the same individual was still alive so I’m thinking that either he was given the name by someone,
there was another individual living at that time with the same name, or perhaps he even got it off of the 1817 treaty and just added it to his list. What I find interesting is the “Tciwere notation of…” statement. I’m trying to figure out if he is trying
to indicate that this name is an Otoe-Missouria cognate of the Dhegiha term (as in it was perhaps used regularly) or if it was a one-time thing and this was simply an Otoe-ization of Wasabe Zhinga. Him listing it as a Bear Clan name has me slightly leaning
toward the former.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">What I also find interesting, regardless of which of the above scenarios is correct for this term, is why were two portions of this word “shifted” to an Otoe-Missouria form (the s to a th and zhinga to –inye)
and not a potential third? Why didn’t the “b (p)” turn into a “w” as seen in other cognates?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">And naturally I didn’t stumble upon this information looking for this specific name…I was looking for something else!!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><img border="0" width="933" height="152" id="Picture_x0020_0" src="cid:image001.jpg@01CF5E21.13A25090" alt="Wathabeinye.jpg"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#1F497D">Sky Campbell, B. A.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Language Director<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Otoe-Missouria Tribe<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">580-723-4466 ext. 111<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><a href="mailto:sky@omtribe.org">sky@omtribe.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black"> Siouan Linguistics [<a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Sky Campbell<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, April 18, 2014 6:02 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Possible SPAM] Re: Old Otoe-Missouria term for "bear"<br>
<b>Importance:</b> Low<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Jimm,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Very true...I've also seen a handful of names referring to other tribes (Ioway, Pawnee, Pottawatomie, Omaha, etc.). It makes me curious about if this person were from another tribe (at least in part), what the
scenario was that allowed them to inherit and/or rise through the ranks to become someone important enough to sign a treaty.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Jill,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">I know what you mean. I've considered the possibility of using variations. I know we only met briefly at Breath of Life last year so I don't know how much of my West Virginia accent/slang came out for you to
hear but I do know that it does emerge from time to time (much to my wife's amusement when I say something like "I ain't eat yet" :) ). It's been years since I've lived there but those remnants still bubble to the surface. I think people are often flabbergasted
when they find out that I work with languages LOL.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Sky<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black"> Siouan Linguistics [<a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Greer, Jill<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, April 18, 2014 1:18 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: Old Otoe-Missouria term for "bear"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Interesting! Remember that as people like the American dialectologist William Labov taught us, if there are variations in how to pronounce something within a language, it’s rarely the case that anyone uses
only one variation always, and the other group only uses the alternate. And the social context can subtly affect which one is chosen, even below the conscious level of the speaker. So, New York City speakers from a working class neighborhood might use
the classic ‘r’ dropping X percent of the time, say 65% (John Boyle can probably remember this exactly), while middle class folks might only ‘drop their [r]’ 30%, and upper class folks might only have it 5% of the time, just as an example.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">It always seemed to me since so many Otoe-Missouria had Ioway kin (and vice versa) that an absolute 100% consistency in using the alternate forms (like the inye vs. inge example here) would be very unlikely.
So beyond the possible differences in the persons’ hearing and transcription, it might have been perfectly acceptable to pronounce the name both ways, at the same point in time.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"> (In this part of SW Missouri, Sky, your last name would traditionally be said more like the desert animal, Camel
</span><span style="font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F497D">J</span><span style="color:#1F497D">; we had dear neighbors who I knew only by hearing their names spoken, and was surprised to find out later that the spelling had not one but two “silent letters”).
Then a new girl of the same surname came to school, and she pronounced it Cam-bell, (still the silent p), so I added that variation for her name, but that didn’t change the way I addressed the older folks at church....
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Jill <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black"> Siouan Linguistics [<a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Sky Campbell<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, April 17, 2014 3:00 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: Old Otoe-Missouria term for "bear"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Found this in the next treaty (1825) while trying to figure out yet another name LOL.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Waw-zob-e-ing-ge<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">And once I saw it, I remembered seeing it before. Now I have a shift from "th" to "z" in a span of 8 years and it has me questioning if "ignet" was actually supposed to represent -inye or -inge. If the first
one was in face -inye then here you have another shift to -inge. Presumably this same individual was there to pronounce his name for whoever was writing it down. And if so, he changed 1 (and maybe 2) part of his name. A number of scenarios come to mind
for the change (perhaps another one of the signers pronounced it for him) but it would still be nice to get this sorted out :).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Sky<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black"> Siouan Linguistics [<a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Greer, Jill<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, April 16, 2014 4:27 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: Old Otoe-Missouria term for "bear"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Whoops - I meant Dhegiha there. Sorry all! Jill<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black"> Siouan Linguistics [<a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Greer, Jill<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, April 16, 2014 4:22 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: Old Otoe-Missouria term for "bear"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Good point Sky - Of course, there could be lots of alternative words for many things that we just don’t have examples, so this is exciting. Names are always fascinating. I must be getting hunger this afternoon,
because Wasabi is a Japanese restaurant in town here, and the thought of wonderful hot horseradish came to my mind when your Otoe word was on the screen…
</span><span style="font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F497D">J</span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Jill<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black"> Siouan Linguistics [<a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Rory Larson<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, April 16, 2014 4:12 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: Old Otoe-Missouria term for "bear"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">That’s a very good point, Jill, and well taken. Yes, there is an equivalent name, at least in the Thatada clan, which is Wasabe-zhiⁿga. If the term Sky found is a borrowing, it shows that understanding between
the two groups at the time was good enough to cause Dhegiha ‘s’ to shift forward to Otoe ‘th’, and for the Dhegiha ‘small’ term (zhiⁿga) to be replaced by Otoe iñe, as Sky has just noted. But I think either of those are quite possible and likely, so we might
want more evidence from Otoe before we conclude that this ‘bear’ term was generally used in Otoe.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Rory<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black"> Siouan Linguistics [<a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Greer, Jill<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, April 16, 2014 3:52 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@LISTSERV.UNL.EDU">SIOUAN@LISTSERV.UNL.EDU</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: Old Otoe-Missouria term for "bear"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Sky and Rory,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Great posts - one thing to consider also is that it’s actually not an Otoe word per se. It’s possible for entire names to have been borrowed across tribes (or bestowed, think of the intertribal peace-making
child adoption tradition of the Pipe Dance (Calumet in some soures), with the Beloved Child (it could be a girl or a boy) undergoing an elaborate ceremony. People might have multiple names (family kin name, clan name, later a name from an accomplishment,
plus nicknames [‘uncle names’]. Is there a similar name in Dhegiha groups? <o:p>
</o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Jill<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black"> Siouan Linguistics [<a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Rory Larson<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, April 16, 2014 3:43 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: Old Otoe-Missouria term for "bear"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Sky,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">The <i>wasabe</i> term is not just Ponca; it’s Omaha, Kaw and (as
<i>wasape</i>) Osage as well. I assume it’s common Dhegiha. It refers to the black bear, as opposed to the
<i>mąnto</i>-equivalent term for ‘grizzly bear’. I’m sure you’re entirely right that the ‘Wathapay’ part of that name is an Otoe equivalent of Dhegiha
<i>*wasape</i>. It looks like the ‘ignet’ must have been written by a Frenchman; it kind of threw me a little at first. :)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Anyway, if the *<i>wasape</i> term was not known from Otoe before, that’s a great catch! So it looks like you have three terms for ‘bear’??<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Rory<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black"> Siouan Linguistics [<a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Sky Campbell<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, April 16, 2014 1:50 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@LISTSERV.UNL.EDU">SIOUAN@LISTSERV.UNL.EDU</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Old Otoe-Missouria term for "bear"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">I've had a name from an old Otoe treaty (1817) that has always puzzled me. The name is:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">Wathapayignet - the Small Bear<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">There is no <i>mųnje</i> (bear/black bear) or
<i>mąnto</i> (grizzly bear) terms to be found in there. The "small" part is easy enough to pull out of there (yignet = -inye). Then the thought struck me about the Ponca term for bear (wasabe) and how the Ponca "s" can sometimes be the Otoe "th" in cognate
terms. This gives me "wathabe" as the term for bear. Now before I run with this, does anyone have anything to back this up? It certainly makes sense and the pieces fit. But I have never seen "wathabe" anywhere as an Otoe word for bear. But if I am right,
this would give me:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">Wathabeinye - Small Bear<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">If I am correct, then I'm thinking that this is an
<i>extremely</i> old term.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">Anyone else come across this before?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">Sky<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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