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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>This is pretty cool :).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Maximilian gives the Otoe word for black as "sewe" and notes that the Otoe language doesn't have a word for brown. Here is the entry for brown:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='color:#1F497D'>chudje (ch guttural; e distinctly pronounced); i.e., dark, smoky, they have no word for brown<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Now this looks very close to "xoje" (gray). Maximilian has this for gray:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='color:#1F497D'>cho-djé (j French; ch guttural)<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>I'm thinking this is the same word. He does seem to flip-flop between o and u in some of the same words. But I'm still curious if the use of u is going another route.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Maximilian also has an interesting term for shade/shadow:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='color:#1F497D'>oh-uan-seh (an French)<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>This looks to be "owase/uwase" and this might be a long shot but I'm wondering if the -se at the end might be related to the sewe/sebe idea for shadowy.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Sky<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Siouan Linguistics [mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Rory Larson<br><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, April 22, 2014 8:37 PM<br><b>To:</b> SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu<br><b>Subject:</b> Terms for 'black' in MVS<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>Thanks, Jimm. That’s pretty much what I was thinking. I believe the original Siouan sound here was /š/, and some speakers, especially the Otoe-Missouria, have shifted it forward to something more like /s/. At the same time, the original Siouan /s/ has also shifted forward in IOM to something like /þ/, “thorn”, or what we write “th”. So Omaha “s” would correspond to IOM “th”, and IOM “s” or “sh” would correspond to Omaha “sh”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>According to the CSD, we seem to have about four or five different words for ‘black’ in Siouan, which are all related to each other by a couple of sound alternations. First, we have alternation in the main vowel between /e/ and /a/, which gives us two alternative forms of ‘black’:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> *sepe<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> *sape<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>Within MVS, Hochank and IOM chose *sepe as their basic word for ‘black’, while Dakotan and Dhegiha chose *sape. However, Dhegiha at least preserved *sepe as an alternate ‘black’ term in rare cases. Bob Rankin found a <i>séwe</i> term for ‘black’ in Quapaw, and in Omaha the name of one of our speakers is Mi-sebe, meaning “Dark of the Moon”. She and her sister made it very clear to us that the <i>sebe</i> part of this is not the ‘black’ word, <i>sábe</i>. They say that <i>sébe</i> is its own word meaning “shadowy”, and in this case refers to the part of the moon that is dark when the moon is not full. I don’t know that I’ve ever run into the term outside of this case in Omaha, so perhaps it is preserved there mainly because it appears in a name.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>Second, these two ‘black’ words were both given alternates via Siouan fricative ablaut. The initial /s/ could be changed to /š/ to give the idea of an “off-black”, or “dark”:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> *sepe => *šepe<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> *sape => *šape<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>In Dhegiha, the *šape term means ‘dark (colored)’, and in Dakotan it means ‘dirty’, both in contrast to *sape, meaning ‘black’. In IOM and Hochank, the *šepe term means ‘dark’, ‘suntanned’ or ‘brown’ in contrast to *sepe, ‘black’. So we get a comparative matrix that looks something like this:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> <u>‘black’</u> <u>‘off-black’<o:p></o:p></u></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> MVS *sepe => *šepe<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> Ho <i>séep</i> => <i>šéep</i> (‘dark’, ‘suntanned’)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> IOM <i>thewe</i> => <i>sewe</i> or <i>šewe</i> (‘brown’)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> OP <i>sebe</i> (‘shadowy’)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> MVS *sape => *šape <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> OP <i>sabe</i> => <i>šabe</i> (‘dark’)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> Da <i>sapA</i> => <i>šapA</i> (‘dirty’)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>Rory<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Siouan Linguistics [<a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Jimm Goodtracks<br><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, April 22, 2014 3:15 PM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@LISTSERV.UNL.EDU">SIOUAN@LISTSERV.UNL.EDU</a><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Possible SPAM] Re: Old Otoe-Missouria term for "bear"<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'>Rory: They are both correct </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>“séwe” or “šéwe”</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'>. The difference is that the OM tend to pronounce a “s” while the Ioway tend to pronounce a ‘’</span><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>š</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'> ~ sh’’. The distinction is not clear cut, as there have been informants who tend to use the ‘’</span><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>š</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'> ~ sh’’ at times and in certain words. Maybe once upon a time, it was an OM vs. I difference. So then, in the dictionary, such a word as we have here maybe be heard to be pronounced </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>“séwe” or “šéwe”</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'>. Now Dorsey also uses the “s” and “sh.” The former usually represents the “th” while the latter represents the “s” sound. </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> <a href="mailto:rlarson1@UNL.EDU" title="rlarson1@UNL.EDU">Rory Larson</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>Sent:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> Tuesday, April 22, 2014 11:54 AM<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>To:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu" title="SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>Subject:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> Re: [Possible SPAM] Re: Old Otoe-Missouria term for "bear"<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>Jimm, is that “séwe” or “šéwe”? I looked it up in your dictionary, and found it under “šéwe”. Or is there no difference between /s/ and /š/ in IOM?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> Siouan Linguistics [<a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Jimm Goodtracks<br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, April 21, 2014 9:16 PM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@LISTSERV.UNL.EDU">SIOUAN@LISTSERV.UNL.EDU</a><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Possible SPAM] Re: Old Otoe-Missouria term for "bear"<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'>I am in agreement with all said. May I add two things. Dorsey’s “ñ” in his text is equal to the “ng” as in “sing.” So in lieu of he Ioway “-iñe,” it would be the Otoe/Missouria “-inge.” Also, IOM does have a cognate to Omaha “sebe” which is “séwe” (brown). I have never known it to cover the meaning of “shawdowed,” as Rory says exists in Omaha. </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>-- Manage your subscription at <a href="http://listserv.unl.edu" target="_blank">http://listserv.unl.edu</a>. 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