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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>I’d thought of the idea for red but he lists it as:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='color:#1F497D'>schu-dj</span><span style='color:#1F497D'>ä̇<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>There we have an “sch-“ (with no mention of guttural) versus his “ch-“ in the other term (which he notes is guttural). He also has “<i>må-chudjé</i>” for ashes and “<i>åchudjeh</i>” for coal.</span><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Maximilian does have this term for “dark”:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='color:#1F497D'>oh</span><span style='color:#1F497D'>ånsä̇ (an French)</span></i><i><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>That’s a dead-ringer for our modern form (just swap out the s).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>He also has dirty (two spellings for it):<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='color:#1F497D'>m</span><span style='color:#1F497D'>åh-chrih (ch with the point of the tongue)<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>and<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='color:#1F497D'>måchré (ch guttural)</span></i><i><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Looking at his Omaha terms, he has that same term for dirty as well (with an extra </span><span style='color:#1F497D'>–chri added to have “<i>m</i></span><i><span style='color:#1F497D'>ån-chri-chri</span></i><span style='color:#1F497D'>”).</span><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>I know that “sewe” used to be used for black, but I am curious when it started to be used for brown (or perhaps it always ways and it just wasn’t documented (or I haven’t found it yet)).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Sky Campbell, B. A.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Language Director<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Otoe-Missouria Tribe<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>580-723-4466 ext. 111<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>sky@omtribe.org<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Siouan Linguistics [mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Jimm Goodtracks<br><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, April 23, 2014 10:14 AM<br><b>To:</b> SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu<br><b>Subject:</b> [Possible SPAM] Re: Terms for 'black' in MVS<br><b>Importance:</b> Low<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'>Below, the word Maximilian gave for brown is “suje” (red). This is confirmed by the late Elders, and was used in the term for brown bear “Múnje séwe.” On the other term:</span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='color:#1F497D'>cho-djé (j French; ch guttural)</span></i><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'>uhádhe (shawdow; shade; dark as at night fall).</span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> <a href="mailto:sky@LEGENDREADERS.COM" title="sky@LEGENDREADERS.COM">Sky Campbell</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>Sent:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> Tuesday, April 22, 2014 11:00 PM<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>To:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu" title="SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>Subject:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> Re: Terms for 'black' in MVS<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>This is pretty cool :).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Maximilian gives the Otoe word for black as "sewe" and notes that the Otoe language doesn't have a word for brown. Here is the entry for brown:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='color:#1F497D'>chudje (ch guttural; e distinctly pronounced); i.e., dark, smoky, they have no word for brown<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Now this looks very close to "xoje" (gray). Maximilian has this for gray:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='color:#1F497D'>cho-djé (j French; ch guttural)<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>I'm thinking this is the same word. He does seem to flip-flop between o and u in some of the same words. But I'm still curious if the use of u is going another route.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:-.1in'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#0033CC'>dirty</span></b><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'> (<i>clothes</i>) <i>adj.</i> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>thewára; ithéwara;</span><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'> maxri <span style='text-transform:uppercase'>(max)</span>: (I am…, hi<sup>n</sup>théwera; you are…, rithéwera; we two are…, wáwathéwera; we all are…, wáwathéwerawi; they two are…, théwerawi; they all are…, théwerañe)</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>. </span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#0033CC'>dirty, deface</span></b><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'> (<i>by scratching, etc.</i>) <i>v.t.</i> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>igíthewara</span><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>: (I…, ihéthewara; you…, iréthewara; we…, hí<sup>n</sup>githewarawi; they…, igíthewarañe)</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>. Máhi ^ú<sup>n</sup>na nóbrathge chí <u>igíthewara</u>ñe ke, They <u>deface</u>d the frame house wíth a knife</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>. </span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#0033CC'>dirty, soil, deface from use</span></b><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'> <i>v.t.</i> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>irúthewára. </span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#0033CC'>dirty water</span></b><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'> <i>n.</i> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>ñí úšoje; ñúšoje</span><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'> <span style='text-transform:uppercase'>(i.)</span></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black;text-transform:uppercase'>.</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'> </span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#0033CC'>Nemaha River</span></b><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'> (<i>in Nebraska and Kansas</i>) <i>n.</i> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>Ñímáha</span><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'> (lit.: “water dirty”)</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>. </span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#0033CC'>dirty with mouth</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'> (s.t.)</span><i><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'> v.t. </span></i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>iráthewara. </span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#0033CC'>dirty with feet ~ by walking on</span></b><i><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'> v.t. </span></i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>ináthewara. </span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#0033CC'>dirty up, soil, deface by writing on</span></b><i><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'> v.t. </span></i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>wathéwe; wašéwe. </span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#0033CC'>get dirty</span></b><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'> <i>v.i.</i> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>xríx^e; théwahi; irúthewara; iwáthewara; ibáthewara. </span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#0033CC'>dirty; soiled; second-hand</span></b><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'> (<i>from short use</i>) <i>adj.</i> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>thewára;</span><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'> théware <span style='text-transform:uppercase'>(dor)</span></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>.</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>This looks to be "owase/uwase" and this might be a long shot but I'm wondering if the -se at the end might be related to the sewe/sebe idea for shadowy.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Sky<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> Siouan Linguistics [<a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Rory Larson<br><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, April 22, 2014 8:37 PM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a><br><b>Subject:</b> Terms for 'black' in MVS<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>Thanks, Jimm. That’s pretty much what I was thinking. I believe the original Siouan sound here was /š/, and some speakers, especially the Otoe-Missouria, have shifted it forward to something more like /s/. At the same time, the original Siouan /s/ has also shifted forward in IOM to something like /þ/, “thorn”, or what we write “th”. So Omaha “s” would correspond to IOM “th”, and IOM “s” or “sh” would correspond to Omaha “sh”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>According to the CSD, we seem to have about four or five different words for ‘black’ in Siouan, which are all related to each other by a couple of sound alternations. First, we have alternation in the main vowel between /e/ and /a/, which gives us two alternative forms of ‘black’:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> *sepe<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> *sape<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>Within MVS, Hochank and IOM chose *sepe as their basic word for ‘black’, while Dakotan and Dhegiha chose *sape. However, Dhegiha at least preserved *sepe as an alternate ‘black’ term in rare cases. Bob Rankin found a <i>séwe</i> term for ‘black’ in Quapaw, and in Omaha the name of one of our speakers is Mi-sebe, meaning “Dark of the Moon”. She and her sister made it very clear to us that the <i>sebe</i> part of this is not the ‘black’ word, <i>sábe</i>. They say that <i>sébe</i> is its own word meaning “shadowy”, and in this case refers to the part of the moon that is dark when the moon is not full. I don’t know that I’ve ever run into the term outside of this case in Omaha, so perhaps it is preserved there mainly because it appears in a name.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>Second, these two ‘black’ words were both given alternates via Siouan fricative ablaut. The initial /s/ could be changed to /š/ to give the idea of an “off-black”, or “dark”:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> *sepe => *šepe<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> *sape => *šape<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>In Dhegiha, the *šape term means ‘dark (colored)’, and in Dakotan it means ‘dirty’, both in contrast to *sape, meaning ‘black’. In IOM and Hochank, the *šepe term means ‘dark’, ‘suntanned’ or ‘brown’ in contrast to *sepe, ‘black’. So we get a comparative matrix that looks something like this:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> <u>‘black’</u> <u>‘off-black’<o:p></o:p></u></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> MVS *sepe => *šepe<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> Ho <i>séep</i> => <i>šéep</i> (‘dark’, ‘suntanned’)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> IOM <i>thewe</i> => <i>sewe</i> or <i>šewe</i> (‘brown’)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> OP <i>sebe</i> (‘shadowy’)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> MVS *sape => *šape <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> OP <i>sabe</i> => <i>šabe</i> (‘dark’)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> Da <i>sapA</i> => <i>šapA</i> (‘dirty’)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>Rory<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> Siouan Linguistics [<a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Jimm Goodtracks<br><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, April 22, 2014 3:15 PM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@LISTSERV.UNL.EDU">SIOUAN@LISTSERV.UNL.EDU</a><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Possible SPAM] Re: Old Otoe-Missouria term for "bear"<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'>Rory: They are both correct </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>“séwe” or “šéwe”</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'>. The difference is that the OM tend to pronounce a “s” while the Ioway tend to pronounce a ‘’</span><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>š</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'> ~ sh’’. The distinction is not clear cut, as there have been informants who tend to use the ‘’</span><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>š</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'> ~ sh’’ at times and in certain words. Maybe once upon a time, it was an OM vs. I difference. So then, in the dictionary, such a word as we have here maybe be heard to be pronounced </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>“séwe” or “šéwe”</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'>. Now Dorsey also uses the “s” and “sh.” The former usually represents the “th” while the latter represents the “s” sound. </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> <a href="mailto:rlarson1@UNL.EDU" title="rlarson1@UNL.EDU">Rory Larson</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>Sent:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> Tuesday, April 22, 2014 11:54 AM<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>To:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu" title="SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>Subject:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> Re: [Possible SPAM] Re: Old Otoe-Missouria term for "bear"<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>Jimm, is that “séwe” or “šéwe”? I looked it up in your dictionary, and found it under “šéwe”. Or is there no difference between /s/ and /š/ in IOM?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> Siouan Linguistics [<a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Jimm Goodtracks<br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, April 21, 2014 9:16 PM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@LISTSERV.UNL.EDU">SIOUAN@LISTSERV.UNL.EDU</a><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Possible SPAM] Re: Old Otoe-Missouria term for "bear"<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'>I am in agreement with all said. May I add two things. Dorsey’s “ñ” in his text is equal to the “ng” as in “sing.” So in lieu of he Ioway “-iñe,” it would be the Otoe/Missouria “-inge.” Also, IOM does have a cognate to Omaha “sebe” which is “séwe” (brown). I have never known it to cover the meaning of “shawdowed,” as Rory says exists in Omaha. </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>-- Manage your subscription at <a href="http://listserv.unl.edu" target="_blank">http://listserv.unl.edu</a>. 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